x Drosophila Genes
logo Alphabetical list of genes

Genes L - M - N - O - P - Q - R -- [Genes A-D -- Genes E-K -- Genes S-Z]

L
labial
transcription factor - homeodomain - Antp class - involved in head and brain morphogenesis -
in the midgut Labial plays a role in determination and differentiation of copper cells

lace
encodes Serine Palmitoyl-transferase (SPT), the first enzymatic step for synthesis of sphingolipids - neuromuscular junction, enriched in lipid rafts - facilitates
glial ensheathment of peripheral nerves - suppresses dystrophic muscle phenotypes in a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Lachesin
immunoglobulin domain cell adhesion molecule required for the proper morphogenesis of the tracheal system

ladybird early and ladybird late
transcription factors - homeodomain proteins -overlaps expression of wingless in the epidermis - ladybird genes contribute
to the segmentation process and are considered as segment polarity genes

lame duck
zinc finger transcription factor - has an essential regulatory role in the specification and function of fusion-competent myoblasts

Lamin
an intermediate filament protein - chromatin associated protein - Lamin binds to scaffold/matrix-associated regions, DNA sequences
that are held responsiblefor mediating the interaction between the nuclear matrix and chromatin.

Lamin C
developmentally regulated nuclear intermediate filament - lines the inner nuclear membrane - provides structural support for the nucleus and regulates
gene expression - functions in nuclear mechanotransduction, a process through which mechanical forces are converted to biochemical signaling or gene expression, a model for
diseases known as laminopathies, required for thorax closure, sustains PcG protein architecture, maintaining transcriptional repression at target genes

Laminin A
laminin - extracellular matrix protein - plays a role in the pathfinding process of ocellar axons - activity-dependent
retrograde laminin A signaling regulates synapse growth at Drosophila neuromuscular junctions

Laminin B1
extracellular matrix protein - required for normal accumulation of basement membrane components -
involved in morphogenesis of gut, trachea, muscles and nervous system

large tumor suppressor (lats) (preferred name: warts)
kinase - regulates cell cycle - loss of gene function leads to the cell-autonomous formation
of epithelial tumors in the adult integumentary structures derived from imaginal discs.

lateral muscles scarcer
homeodomain transcription factor - identity factor for lateral transverse muscles

latheo
ORC3 homolog - regulates DNA replication - also, a presynaptic protein with a role in the Ca2+-dependent synaptic modulation mechanisms necessary for behavioral plasticity

Latrotoxin receptor (preferred name: Calcium-independent receptor for α-latrotoxin)
G-protein coupled receptor - involved in the perception of tactile, proprioceptive, and auditory stimuli through chordotonal neurons of the PNS -
sensitizes these neurons for the detection of mechanical stimulation by amplifying their input-output function

lava lamp
coiled-coil cytoskeletal component involved in cellularization - analysis shows that active Golgi-derived membrane vesicle secretion is essential for cytokinesis

lazaro
lipid phosphate phosphohydrolase that functions during phototransduction - along with rdgA
regulates amplification and response termination during phototransduction

leak (common alternative name: robo2)
transmembrane receptor that regulates heart cell and tracheal branch migration and axon guidance -
acts in trans to inhibit Slit-Robo1 repulsion in pre-crossing commissural axons

legless
a scaffold protein that physically links Pygopus to ß-catenin - the recruitement of Pygopus permits ß-catenin to activate Wnt target genes

leonardo (preferred name: 14-3-3zeta)
a 14-3-3zeta isoform - a phosphoserine/threonine interacting protein - modifies ras pathway signaling and facilitating
olfactory learning - 14-3-3 proteins regulate Tctp-Rheb interaction for organ growth

lesswright (common alternative names: Ubc9 and Semushi)
SUMO E2-conjugating enzyme - stabilizes proteins against ubiquitinization and subsequent degradation -
regulates hematopoiesis - holds the Toll pathway in check

let-7
encodes an RNA species involved in translational silencing of target mRNAs - let-7-to-miR-125
miRNA switch regulates neuronal integrity and lifespan in Drosophila

lethal (2) giant discs 1 (common alternative name: lethal giant discs)
tumor suppressor - required to restrict the activity of Notch to the D/V boundary of the wing imaginal disc - endosomal transport protein

lethal (2) giant larvae (common alternative name: lethal giant larvae)
novel conserved cytoskeletal element - functions with other tumor suppressors to regulate cell polarity and growth

Lethal hybrid rescue
chromatin factor - contains BESS motif found in boundary element proteins - along with Hybrid male rescue
interacts with HP1 to repress transcripts from satellite DNAs and many families of transposable
elements - gain-of-function phenotype causing lethality in F1 male hybrids between D. melanogaster and D. simulans

lethal (3) malignant brain tumor
a chromatin compactor - tumor suppressor - targets Salvador-Warts-Hippo pathway - inactivator of
germline genes - mutation result in the formation of brain tumors

lethal of scute
transcription factor - basic HLH - proneural gene that is also involved in specification of muscle progenitors

Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 3
receptor for Drosophila Insulin-like peptide 8 - regulation of growth - attenuation growth and maturation - neurosecretory cell-rich pars intercerebralis

Leucine-rich repeat kinase
a cytoplasmic protein that controls synaptic morphogenesis at the neuromuscular junction targeting distinct downstream effectors
at the presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments

Leucokinin receptor
G-protein coupled receptor expressed in brain neurons - regulation of meal size and meal frequency - regulation of fluid balance in Malpighian tubules

Leukocyte-antigen-related-like (common alternative name: Dlar)
transmembrane - receptor tyrosine kinase functioning to regulate axon guidance

licorne
a MAP kinase kinase targeting p38 MAP kinase - licorne mutations provoke polarity defects in the eggshell and embryo, as a result of reduced activity
of two localized determinants: Oskar and Gurken

lilliputian
transcription factor - Fragile X mental retardation 2 (Fmr2) family - Functions in MAPK and Dpp signaling pathways - affects growth, a function associated
with the insulin pathway - affects the cytoskeleton early in development.

Lim1
Lim domain and lim homeodomain protein - expressed in the head primordia, the brain lobes, and in distinct sets of motorneurons and interneurons within
the ventral nerve cord - Lim1 larval mutants have abnormal motor coordination

LIM-kinase1
serine/threonine kinase - functions via cytoskeleton to confer the added synapse-stabilizing activity of the BMP receptor Wishful thinking

limostatin
secreted hormone, regulates insulin pathway, suppresses insulin secretion by insulin-producing cells following starvation,
localized to glucose-sensing, endocrine corpora cardiaca (CC) cells associated with the gut

Lin-7 (preferred name: veli)
scaffolding protein that acts downstream of Discs large, in conjunction with its binding partner Metro, to control neuromuscular
junction expansion and proper establishment of synaptic boutons

lin-19-like (common alternative name: Cullin1)
a major component of a series of multimeric ubiquitin ligases that control the degradation of a broad range of proteins

lin-28
cold shock and RNA-binding protein - regulator of developmental timing - regulator of microRNA maturation

lines
novel segment polarity gene - Lines is crucial for completing Wg signal transduction, acting downstream or in parallel to Armadillo

Lipid storage droplet-1 & Lipid storage droplet-2
intracellular neutral lipid droplet storage protein - maintains energy homeostasis

Lipin
phosphatidate phosphatase activity - transcriptional co-activator - downstream effector mediating effects of insulin and TORC1 signaling on lipid metabolism -
influences fat body development and function - affects cellular growth

Lipophorin (preferred name: Retinoid- and fatty acid-binding glycoprotein)
bears lipid-linked morphogens on its surface - required for long-range signaling activity of Wingless and Hedgehog

Lipophorin receptor 1 & Lipophorin receptor 2
a secreted receptor that promotes the extracellular lipolysis of lipophorins - neutral lipid uptake - LpR1 facilitates uptake
of the serpin Necrotic in oocytes and cells of imaginal discs

Liprin-α
scaffolding protein that physically interacts with LAR and is essential for R7 axon targeting

liquid facets
an epsin: a family of cargo-selective adapters that link mono-ubiquitinated cell-surface proteins with the endocytic machinery -
regulates Notch ligand Delta's subcellular localization and activity

liquid facets-Related
multi-modular proteins that stimulate clathrin-coated vesicle formation - functions in trans-Golgi network/endosome vesicle trafficking
transports specific cargo critical to one or more signaling pathways - required for egg chamber morphogenesis during oogenesis

Lissencephaly-1
component of Dynein complex, Beta-transducin family Trp-Asp repeats protein - required in the germline for synchronized cystocyte division and oocyte differentiation

little imaginal discs
trimethyl H3K4 demethylase - physically interacts with Myc to regulator Myc-induced cell growth

Lkb1 kinase
Par-4 kinase - required for the early A-P polarity of the oocyte and for the repolarization of the oocyte cytoskeleton that defines the embryonic A-P axis

Lk6 kinase
Serine/Threonine protein kinase that exerts a tight control on eIF4E phosphorylation and is necessary for normal growth and development

Lnk
member of SH2B family of adaptor molecules - interacts with Chico to fulfill an independent but partially redundant function
in the activation of PI3K upon Insulin receptor stimulation - regulates lifespan, metabolism, and stress responses

Lobe
zinc finger transcription factor required for eye cell survival - regulates eye development through the TOR pathway

locomotion defects (common alternative name: loco)
regulators of G-protein signalling (RGS) protein - a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) acting on alpha subunit of
G-proteins - Mutant glial cells fail to properly ensheath longitudinal axon tracts and do not form the
normal glial-glial cell contacts, resulting in a disruption of the blood-brain barrier

loki (common alternative name: chk2)
homolog of mammalian Chk2 - a serine/threonine kinase required required for DNA damage-mediated cell cycle arrest and
apoptosis - tRNA processing defects induce replication stress and Chk2-dependent disruption of piRNA transcription


lola like
BTB/POZ domain protein - partner of Trithorax-like in maintaining gene repression - an evolutionarily new
epigenetic regulator of dpp transcription during dorsal-ventral axis formation


longitudinals lacking
transcription factor - zinc finger - btb domain - regulates axon guidance - promotes axon growth in part by suppressing expression of the actin nucleation
factor Spire - expressed in both glia and neurons - regulates cell fate by antagonizing Notch induction in the Drosophila eye

long non-coding RNA:iab8
represses the transcription of genes located at its 3' end by a sequence-independent, transcriptional interference mechanism - its repressive
activity is limited to the CNS, where, in wild-type embryos, it acts on the Hox gene, abd-A, located immediately downstream
of it - a lncRNA, called male-specific abdominal, is required for the development of the secondary cells of the Drosophila male accessory gland

loquacious
a component of a functional pre-miRNA processing complex - stimulates and directs pre-microRNA processing activity - a Dicer-1
partner that enhances miRNA processing from hairpins with unstable structures at the dicing site

Lost PHDs of trr (alternative name: Cara mitad)
PHD zinc finger protein - cofactor for Trithorax-related - associates with EcR-USP receptor
and is required for hormone-dependent transcription - required for proper global trimethylation of H3K4

LDL receptor related protein 4
low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein in the same family as Arrow, a Wingless co-receptor - coordinates synapse number and function
in the brain - functions via the conserved kinase SRPK79D to ensure normal synapse number and behavior, occurs preferentially in excitatory neurons

lowfat
conserved protein - regulates Fat signaling - binds to the cytoplasmic domains Dachsous and the Dachsous receptor protein Fat

lozenge
transcription factor - AML-1 homolog - involved in sensillogenesis in antenna - mutants lack basiconic sensilla and some trichoid sensilla - the presence
of Lz in R3/4 precluster cells is sufficient to endow them with a second wave cell fate response repertoire

luna
zinc finger transcription factor - maternally supplied - required during the syncytial stages for coupling of rapid mitotic cycles and centrosome cycles

lush
olfactant-binding-protein, lipocalin family - mediates chemosensory responses to alcohols -
required for normal sensitivity to the male pheromone, 11-cis vaccenyl acetate

Lyra (preferred name: Senseless)
zinc finger - target of proneural genes - expressed and required in the sensory organ precursors
for proper proneural gene expression regulates differentiation the R8 photoreceptor

Lysine (K)-specific demethylase 4A
histone demethylase - regulates H3K36me3 levels - regulates heterochromatin organization and function - Jun recruits the HP1a/KDM4A
complex to its gene body region upon osmotic stress to reduce H3K36 methylation levels and disrupt H3K36 methylation-dependent
histone deacetylation - along with Kdm4B, Kdm4A is essential for mediating ecdysteroid hormone signaling during larval development

M

mad2
mitotic checkpoint protein that blocks mitotic exit by sequestering Cdc20/Fizzy - required to delay progression through early stages of prometaphase
so that cells have time to fully engage the spindle assembly checkpoint

maelstrom
HMG box protein - spindle class protein - potential regulator of RNA processing or subcellular localization - essential for piRNA-mediated transcriptional
transposon silencing - coordinates microtubule organization during Drosophila oogenesis through interaction with components of the microtubule-organizing center

Magi
member of a family of proteins contains modular domains such as WW and PDZ domains necessary for scaffolding of membrane receptors and
intracellular signaling components - adherens junction - forms a complex with polarity proteins Par3/Bazooka and aPKC

mago nashi
novel protein involved in oogenesis - mutation results from the failure of nuclear migration to the anterodorsal cortex during oogenesis - part of the
exon junction complex, which is required for post-transcriptional processes such as pre-mRNA splicing, RNA localization
and nonsense-mediated decay - involved in germline development, germplasm assembly and photoreceptor differentiation

magu (common alternative name: Pentagone) a secreted protein that acts in a regulatory feedback during establishment and maintenance of BMP/Dpp morphogen signalling during wing
development - modifies the ability of cells to trap and transduce BMP by fine-tuning the levels of the BMP reception system at the plasma
membrane - internalises the Dpp co-receptors Dally and Dally-like protein - required for Wg signalling - spermatogenesis

mahjong
E3 ubiquitin ligase - mediates competition of cells mutated for lethal giant larvae (lgl) - triggers cell competition through an Xrp1-dependent
pathway like that in Rp/+ cells, and distinct from cell competition of lgl or scrib clones, which do not express or depend
on Xrp1 function for elimination - proteotoxic is the underlying cause of the loser status for Minute competition and competition induced by mahjong -
forms a protein complex with Warts - promotes the ubiquitination of Wts triggering neural stem cell reactivation by inhibition of Wts

males absent on the first
a MYST family histone acetyltransferase that acetylates His4 at Lysine 16. Mof is part of the male-specific lethal complex that mediates
dosage compensation by transcriptional upregulation of the male X chromosome - part of the non-specific lethal complex which
regulates expression of housekeeping genes in males and females - regulates DIAP1 and induces apoptosis in a JNK dependent pathway

male-specific lethal-1
chromatin component - dosage compensation - basic motif, leucine zipper-like motif, glycine-rich motif protein that directly binds DNA -
Msl-1 is thought to form a scaffold to organize the full Male-Specific-Lethal dosage compensation complex, which increases male X chromosome
transcription approximately two-fold - functional interplay between MSL1 and CDK7 controls RNA polymerase II Ser5 phosphorylation

male-specific lethal-2
chromatin component - ring finger - metallothionein motif - the key male-specific subunit of the Male-Specific-Lethal dosage compensation complex that
induces or stabilizes all other components

male-specific lethal 3
chromatin component - dosage compensation - MRG family - chromo-barrel domain of MSL3 reveals a binding preference for mono- or dimethyllysine 20 on histone H4.

maleless
DEAH-box subfamily ATP-dependent helicase - Mle plays an early role in dosage compensations, perhaps in packaging
roX2 RNA into growing dosage compensation protein complexes - remodels the roX lncRNAs, enabling
the long noncoding RNA-mediated assembly of the dosage compensation complex

MAP kinase (preferred name: rolled)
component of Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway - involved in establishment of the dorsoventral polarity of the egg shell and the embryo -
acts in specification of terminal structures immediately after fertilization - inactivated by the PTP-ER and Mkp3 phosphatases - phosphorylates
a diverse set of downstream cytoplasmic and nuclear effectors, which impact cell fate decisions in a wide array of
tissues - gain-of-function mutants produce extra R7 photoreceptors and extra wing vein

marelle (preferred name: STAT)
transcription factor - stat homolog - cytoplasmic signal transducing protein - shuttles between the cytosol and nucleus and functions in the JAK/STAT
pathway - regulates the even-skipped stripe 3 promoter and the pair rule gene runt - central to the establishment
of planar polarity during Drosophila eye development - developmental roles include proliferation, growth control, organismal
metabolism, cell competition, stem cell self-renewal, immunity and developmental patterning

mars
microtubule-associated protein that mediates spatially controlled dephosphorylation of dTACC, which is critical for mitotic spindle stabilization

mastermind
novel protein that physically interacts with Suppressor of Hairless and the intracellular domain of Notch that is produced upon
receptor activation - functions as a transcriptional coactivator for Notch signaling

maternal gene required for meiosis (common alternative name: Mamo)
BTB transcription factor - essential for the temporally defined, terminal identity of alpha'/beta' mushroom body neurons
and identity maintenance - required for the production of functional oocytes - necessary for vasa expression

maternal expression at 31B
A DEAD-box helicase, part of a ribonuclear protein complex, that restricts translation of oocyte-localizing RNAs -
in neurons Me31B acts to promote translational repression and/or mRNA degradation in response to miRNAs

matrimony
signaling protein that interacts with Polo kinase and acts as a negative regulator of Polo during the later stages of G2 arrest

Matrix metalloproteinase 1 and Matrix metalloproteinase 2
enzymes required for several stereotyped motor axon pathfinding decisions and essential for axon fasciculation -
Mmp2 promotes dendrite reshaping through local degradation of the basement membrane - in trachea Mmp2 inhibits FGF
morphogenetic function - Mmp2 is essential for wing imaginal disc:trachea association and air sac tubulogenesis

mauve
a counterpart of mammalian LYST - suppresses vesicle fusion events with lipid droplets during the formation of yolk granules,
the lysosome-related organelles of the syncytial embryo - opposes Rab5, which promotes fusion - localizes at spindle poles and
co-immunoprecipitates with the microtubule-associated protein Minispindles - suggests a role for endosomal trafficking in
the recruitment or maintenance of pericentriolar material components at centrosomes

maverick
TGFβ family ligand - concentrated in the foregut - broad expression pattern suggests that signaling could be permissive rather than instructive during
stomatogastric nervous system precursor migration - neuromuscular junction glia release Maverick, which likely activates the muscle activin-type
receptor Punt to potently modulate Gbb-dependent retrograde signaling and synaptic growth

mayday
calcium ion binding protein - maintenance of synapse structure - has a positive effect on retrograde trans-synaptic
BMP signaling - active in trans-Golgi network - orthologous to human SDF4 (stromal cell derived factor 4).



Medea
Smad family member - associates with Smad1 in response to Dpp or with Smad2 (Smox) in response to Activin ligands - dominant negative
Smad4 blocks both BMP and activin responses - developmental roles include dorsal-ventral patterning, patterning and proliferation
of the wing disc and gene expression in the mushroom body of the larval brain

Mediator complex subunit 1
a specific cofactor for GATA TFs - coactivator for the GATA factor Pannier during thoracic development - required
for cell proliferation and hematopoietic differentiation dependent on the GATA TF Serpent development

Mediator complex subunit 19
a subunit of the Mediator complex - directly binds Hox homeodomains, modulating Hox-directed developmental outcomes

Megator
signaling protein that promotes the recruitment of Mad2 and Mps1 to unattached kinetochores, mediating normal mitotic duration
and spindle assembly checkpoint response

Megatrachea
(accepted Flybase name: pickel)
claudin required for septate junction formation and barrier function - control of secretion processes specific
to septate junction and dependent on Sec61p may involve Megatrachea interaction with Sec61 subunits, trachea

Meiosis regulator and mRNA stability factor 1
post-transcriptional effector domain that recruits CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex to shorten target mRNA poly-A tails and suppress
their translation - ensures proper oocyte maturation by regulating nanos expression - transition from meiosis I to II is compromised mutant oocytes

meiotic 41
ATM/ATR kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase - essential for the DNA damage checkpoint in larval imaginal discs and neuroblasts -
required to delay mitosis in response to incomplete DNA replication in early nuclear divisions - monitors double-strand-break repair
during meiotic crossing over - required for maintenance of intestinal stem cells in aging Drosophila

mei-P26
a conserved translational regulator that facilitate the switch from proliferation to differentiation - associates with miRNA
pathway components to represses the translation of target mRNAs - cooperates with Bam, Bgcn and Sxl
to promote early germline development in the Drosophila ovary - a target of Vasa in promoting stem cell differentiation

mei-s332 (preferred name: meiotic from Salaria 282)
conserved protein - essential in meiosis for maintaining cohesion at centromeres until sister chromatids separate
at the metaphase II/anaphase II transition

melted
evolutionarily conserved modulator of the insulin/PI3K signaling pathway - mutants mimic the effects of nutrient deprivation
producing adults with 40% less fat than normal - binds to Tsc1 and modulates TOR activity

menage a trois
a MAGUK serving as a major binding partner of perisynaptic Dlg at larval neuromuscular junctions - stabilizes Dlg
in a complex with adaptor protein Lin-7 - controls NMJ expansion and proper establishment of synaptic boutons

Menin 1
conserved chromatin factor that modulates Jun activity in a manner dependent on the cellular context - tumor suppressor that functions
in maintenance of genomic integrity - controls stress responses

Merlin
ERM family, protein 4.1 superfamily - functions to restrain cell proliferation - a junctional component also associated with endocytosis - the spatial organization
of Hippo signaling at the plasma membrane is mediated by the tumor suppressor Merlin/NF2.

Meru
scaffolding protein of the Ras association domain family - conserved signaling protein regulating apical-basal polarity and planar cell polarity

Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor
a secreted protein - immune modulation - expressed in glial cells - supports
the dopaminergic system in non-cell-autonomous manner

mesh
transmembrane protein - component of smooth septate junctions - functions cooperates with Tetraspanin 2A and Snakeskin to organize
septate junctions - midgut - Malpighian tubules

metabotropic GABA-B receptor subtype 1
G-protein coupled receptor - expressed by pheromone-sensing olfactory receptor neurons which as a consequence exhibit strong presynaptic inhibition -
mediates inter-glomerular inhibition - responsible for decreased intracellular calcium of clock neurons blocking their calcium cycling

metabotropic glutamate receptor
G-protein coupled receptor - modulates presynaptic excitability properties and synaptic architecture -
acts in conjunction with FMRP to regulate presynaptic properties

Metal response element-binding Transcription Factor-1
zinc finger transcription factor known familiarly as metal transcription factor - controls heavy metal detoxification

Metchnikowin
an antifungal peptide that is secreted from the fat body during the systemic immune response\ - expression is regulated at
the transcriptional level by the immune deficiency and/or Toll pathways - targets the iron-sulfur subunit (SdhB)
of succinate-coenzyme Q reductase - interferes with F. graminearum cell wall biosynthesis by targeting the
β(1,3)-glucanosyltransferase Gel1, which is responsible for β(1,3)-glucan chain elongation in the cell wall

Methoprene-tolerant
bHLH-Pas domain transcription factor - involved in juvenile hormone (JH) action as
a likely component of a JH receptor - a receptor for the sesquiterpenoid juvenile hormone - binding partner of Germ cell-expressed bHLH-PAS

methuselah
G-protein coupled receptor: mutants have increased longevity, are resistant to stress and have increased body weight - Drosophila insulin release
is triggered by the adipose Stunted ligand of the brain Methuselah receptor

methuselah-like 1
G-protein coupled receptor: has an antiproliferative effect - mutation leads to proliferation of
oncogenic cells and shorter lifespan - mutations in Kurtz led to hyperactivity of the GPCR Mthl1

methuselah-like 10
Growth-blocking peptides initiate signaling in surrounding epithelial cells through the
G-protein-coupled receptor Mthl10 - activation of tissue repair through activation of calcium signaling

Methyl-CpG binding domain protein-like
methyl-DNA binding protein involved in methylation dependent transcriptional repression - co-repressor that targets the MI-2 complex to methylated DNA

Mi-2
ATP dependent DNA helicase - Zinc finger, CHD family - associates with active chromatin and utilizes the energy of ATP hydrolysis
to move nucleosomes along DNA - required for repression of cell type-specific genes and
full activation of heat shock genes - regulates higher order chromatin structure of polytene chromosomes.

MICAL
flavoprotein monooxygenase - large, multidomain protein expressed in axons - interacts with the neuronal Plexin A -
enzymatic function required for Semaphorin 1a/PlexA-mediated repulsive axon guidance

Microcephalin
a conserved regulator of cell cycle, co-ordination of centrosome and nuclear division cycles, and maintenance of chromosome condensation

microRNA encoding gene let-7 (preferred name - let-7)
encodes an RNA species involved in translational silencing of target mRNAs - let-7-to-miR-125 miRNA switch regulates neuronal integrity and lifespan in Drosophila

microtubule star
catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 2A - regulates asymmetric cell division, cell cycle, Hedgehog pathway, Notch signaling & visual signal transduction

midline and H15
T-box transcription factors that participate in cardiac fate specificity - regulates
wing development by repressing wingless and hedgehog

milton
scaffolding protein that along with Miro forms an essential protein complex that links kinesin heavy chain to mitochondria
for light chain-independent, anterograde transport of mitochondria - controls the early acquisition of
mitochondria by Drosophila oocytes - contributes to spermatid tail elongation

mind bomb 1
E3 ubiquitin ligase - regulates endocytosis of Delta and Serrate - regulates glutamate receptor localization

mind the gap
secreted carbohydrate-binding protein involved in synapse assembly -
modifier of signaling by the ligand Jelly belly and its receptor Alk

ming (preferred name: castor)
transcription factor - zinc finger - temporal network regulator the development of late CNS sublineages - a genetic cascade involving
klumpfuss, nab and castor specifies the abdominal leucokinergic neurons in the Drosophila CNS - Pdm and Castor close
successive temporal identity windows in the NB3-1 lineage - triggers genes in a specific lineage that act to sub-divide the broader Cas window

minibrain
serine/threonine kinase - mutants show an inabillity to generate a sufficient number of optic lobe and central brain neurons during postembryonic
development - drives the Dacapo dependent cell cycle exit of neurons in the Drosophila brain by promoting asense and prospero expression

Minichromosome maintenance 5
AAA+ ATPase family - required in the Mcm complex for licensing and initiating origins of replication - it acts during elongation
as a helicase at the replication forks - acts in meiosis in maturation of double-strand breaks into crossovers

mini spindles
microtubule plus end binding protein - stimulates microtubule growth, microtubule destabilising activity, mitotic spindle

mir-7 stem loop
microRNA, post-transcriptional gene regulation - promotes neuroepithelial cell-to-neuroblast transition in the optic lobe
by targeting downstream Notch effectors - contributes to the control of wing growth - facilitates Notch-induced
tumourigenesis - regulates Tramtrack69 in a developmental switch in follicle cells

mir-8 stem loop
acts through U-shaped to activate PI3K, thereby promoting fat cell growth cell-autonomously and enhancing growth non-cell-autonomously -
antagonizes Wg signaling in part by directly targeting wntless, a gene required for Wg secretion

mir-9a stem loop
a microRNA that regulates maternal-to-zygotic transition, muscle-tendon attachments, production of sensory bristles and wing development

mir-14 stem loop
a cell death suppressor - regulates fat metabolism - regulates insulin production and metabolism through its target, sugarbabe

mir-124 stem loop
post-transcriptional regulation, gene silencing by miRNA, negative regulation of synaptic transmission; dendrite morphogenesis, neuroblast proliferation

mir-184
a highly conserved microRNA that is expressed in the female germline and has assumed control over multiple steps
in oogenesis and early embryogenesis

mir-277 stem loop
microRNA that carries out post-transcriptional gene regulation, modulates rCGG repeat-mediated neurodegeneration
and the pathogenesis of FXTAS neurodegenerative disorder by post-transcriptionally regulating the expression of specific mRNAs involved in the disease

miranda
scaffold protein - required for subcellular localization of Prospero - a target of the asymmetric cell division machinery - involved in the generation
of cell diversity in the CNS - coordinates the subcellular distribution of cell-fate determinants including Staufen and
Brain tumor - asymmetrically localized to the basal cortex during neuroblast asymmetric cell division, resulting in
its partitioning into GMC daughter cells, where it is degraded and releases its cargo proteins

mirror
homeodomain, Pbx class - a component of the Iroquois complex - primary determiner of the border between dorsal and
ventral halves of the eye - required in the dorsal mesoderm to ensure normal heart development in Drosophila.

misato
co-factor of the Tubulin Chaperone Protein-1 (TCP-1) complex - plays an essential role in the Tubulin-folding processes required for
proper assembly of spindle microtubules - depletion of Misato in the visceral muscle is a model of the pathogenic mechanism for
visceral myopathy - mutations in misato inhibit kinetochore-driven microtubule growth

misshapen
Ste20-like kinase - conveys Rac signals to Basket/Jnk during dorsal closure - TIPE family member
Sigmar interacts with Misshapen and modulates JNK signaling, cytoskeletal remodeling and autophagy.

missing oocyte
conserved novel protein that regulates nuclear architecture and meiotic progression
in early ovarian cysts - interacting partner of the conserved nucleoporin Seh1

Mitf
bHLH transcription factor - regulates of eye development - controls transcription of all 15 vacuolar-ATPase components - modulator of metabolism for cellular
homeostasis - Mitf, vacuolar-ATPase and TORC1 form a negative regulatory loop that maintains each of these important metabolic regulators
in relative balance - control of lysosomal-autophagy pathway

Mitochondrial assembly regulatory factor
target of the Yorkie pathway - regulation of mitochondrial fusion, organ size, steroid synthesis in the ring gland and ovarian follicle cell differentiation -
modulates endoplasmic reticulum function, Reaper binds Marf to induce mitochondrial fragmentation

Mitochondrial Rho
transmembrane Rho GTPase required for controlling anterograde transport
of mitochondria and their proper distribution within nerve terminals

Mitoguardin
a mitochondrial outer-membrane protein that regulates endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondrial contact sites (ERMCSs) - required for autophagy

Mnt
bHLH-zipper transcription factor - Max-interacting transcriptional repressor - associates with the Sin3 corepressor - Larval growth and endoreplication
are coupled processes that, although linked to cell cycle control mechanisms, are regulated by dMyc and dMnt

mob as tumor suppressor (common alternative name: mats)
physically associates with cell cycle regulator Warts to stimulate its catalytic activity and associates with tissue polarity factor Tricornered
to regulate denticle development - activated by Hippo kinase for growth inhibition in Drosophila

modifier of mdg4
GAGA-like, BTB domain - interacts with suppressor of Hairy wing on gypsy insulator element - a class of insulators required Suppressor
of Hairy Wing, Modifier of mdg4 and centrosomal 190 kDa (CP190) proteins to be functional - post-translational modification of
insulator proteins by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) and intact CP190 protein is crucial for insulator body formation

modigliani
a novel protein enriched at telomeres that is required to prevent telomeric fusion -
forms a protein complex that is functionally analogous to shelterin

modulo
RRM-containing domain - modifier of PEV promoting chromatin compaction and inactivation - controls cellular growth rate
downstream of dMYC - transcriptional regulation by Modulo integrates meiosis and spermatid differentiation in male germ line - the nucleolar
protein, Modulo, in complex with CAL1, is essential for the centromeric deposition of the centromere-specific histone H3 variant, CID

Moesin
the sole Drosophila Ezrin, Radixin, Moesin (ERM) protein - involved in cortical cytoskeleton stability - actin-binding protein - functions to promote
cortical actin assembly, apical-basal polarity and mitotic spindle organisation - Crumbs displays
complex dynamics during follicular morphogenesis and is regulated competitively by Moesin and aPKC

moira
Trithorax-complex protein - SWI3 homolog - chromatin remodeling protein - functions as the Swi3 component of the Brahma complex -
GAF (Trithorax-like) and Moira interact directly with Yorkie

moleskin
Importin 7 - functions in nuclear transport of MAPK - surface receptor signaling regulates MAPK localization through the adaptor protein Corkscrew

mon2
a conserved Golgi/endosomal protein - essential factor in anchoring pole plasm components at the oocyte posterior cortex - couples Oskar-induced
endocytosis with actin remodeling for cortical anchorage of the germ plasm - physically interacts with Capuccino and Spire -
promotes the accumulation of the small GTPase Rho1 at the oocyte posterior.

Mondo (alternative names: Mio and mlx interactor)
bHLH leucine zipper transcription factor - coordinates feeding behavior with nutrient availability -
controls fat accumulation in fat body

moody
G-protein coupled receptor - expressed in glia and required for blood-brain barrier formation

morula
APC2 subunit of the anaphase promoting complex - Cullin homology protein - regulates protein degradation and cell cycle - morula regulates
variant cell cycles, because in addition to disrupting the archetypal cycle (G1-S-G2-M), morula mutations
affect the rapid embryonic divisions as well as the endo cycle that produces polyploid cells

Mothers against dpp
Smad family members convey TGFß signals from their receptors to the nucleus - Upon phosphorylation
by either Sax or Tkv (type I BMP receptors), Mad forms a complex with Med and translocates to the nucleus
where, together with cofactors, it regulates expression of BMP response target genes.

Motif 1 Binding Protein
a transcriptional activator that associates with a core promoter element known as Motif 1 - a member of the Enhancers of trithorax
and polycomb (ETP) family - boundary element binding protein - participates in co-regulation of ribosomal protein genes

Mpk2
p38a serine/threonine protein kinase - involved in response stress including heat shock, oxidative stress and starvation

multiple wing hairs
G protein binding-formin homology 3 (GBD-FH3) protein - frizzled pathway - tissue planar cell polarity - regulation of hair initiation - inhibits new hair initiation events

multi sex combs
chromatin factor involved in assembly of histone locus body, an essential histone mRNA processing factor,
hemocyte proliferation and differentiation

Multiplexin
homolog of Collagen XV/XVIII, a matrix protein that can be proteolytically cleaved to release Endostatin, an antiangiogenesis signaling factor -
required for normal calcium channel abundance, presynaptic calcium influx, and neurotransmitter release - functions in motor axon pathfinding

mummy
UDP-N- acetylglucosamine diphosphorylase - functions in apical extracellular matrix formation by producing GlcNAc residues
needed for chitin synthesis and protein glycosylation - regulates cuticle production, tracheal morphogenesis, and axon guidance

musashi
RNA binding protein - Notch signaling regulates Msi activity as a translational repressor of Tramtrack in the generation
of non-neuronal lineages in during bristle development

muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor, A-type & muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor, B-type
olfactory associative learning, ON/OFF discrimination in the Drosophila larval visual system, modulation of locomotion and neural circuit excitability in larvae

muscleblind
RNA splice factor involved in terminal muscle and eye differentiation - mutants model features of myotonic dystrophy

Muscle LIM protein at 60A
cytoskeletal LIM-domain protein, zinc-ion binding Cys-rich protein a protein - expressed strongly in the Z-band region of the
sarcomere - involved in development and maintenance of the embryonic and flight muscles - promotes myogenic differentiation

muscle segment homeobox-1 (preferred name: Drop)
transcription factor - homeodomain - confers cell fate on the dorsal (lateral-most) column of neuroblasts
during ventral cord development - patterning of the wing disc, specification of myoblasts, proper development
of muscle, neuronal and glial cells, male genital disc, and regulation of glucose metabolism

muscle segment homeobox 2 (preferred name: tinman)
transcription factor - homeodomain - NK2 class - required for heart development

Muscle-specific protein 300 kDa (common alternative name: Nesprin)
cytoskeletal protein - transports mRNAs from the nucleus to postsynaptic sites during synaptic maturation -
controls glutamate receptor density at the neuromuscular junction - promotesn myonuclear spacing

mushroom bodies tiny
PAK kinase - downstream effector of Cdc42 - regulates cell adhesion dependent processes during photoreceptor cell differentiation

mushroom body defect
involved in spindle orientation during asymmetric cell division - asymmetrically localized Partner
of inscuteable-Gαi complexes regulate spindle orientation by directly binding to Mud which in turn binds microtubules

mushroom body miniature
PHD finger superfamily protein - a nucleolar protein required for small ribosomal subunit biogenesis - transcriptionally
regulated by Myc which relays information from nutrient dependent signaling pathways to ribosomal gene expression -
part of the Myc and CK2 regulatory networks for coordination of neuroblast growth and proliferation

multiple ankyrin repeats single KH domain (common alternative name: Mask)
scaffolding protein involved in Hippo signaling pathway - cofactor of Yorkie - regulation of macroautophagy/autophagy-lysosomal-mediated
degradation - genetically interacts with Parkin to modulate mitochondrial morphology - negatively regulates the recruitment of Parkin to
mitochondria - negatively regulates the recruitment of Parkin to mitochondria - promotes autophagic flux by enhancing lysosomal function

multiprotein bridging factor 1
Helix-turn-helix transcription factor - coactivator that translocates from the cytoplasm into the nucleus to induce stress-response genes - protects
Enhancer of zeste mRNA from Pacman activity thereby ensuring Polycomb silencing - AP-1-dependent epithelial closure becomes sensitive to H2O2 in
flies lacking MBF1 - co-activator for Tracheae Defective contributing to the formation of tracheal and nervous systems

mutagen-sensitive 209 (preferred name name: Proliferating cell nuclear antigen)
Polymerase-delta/epsilon processivity factor - a sliding clamp that encircles DNA and tethers the DNA polymerase catalytic unit to the DNA template

Myb oncogene-like
transcription factor - Myb DNA-binding domain - required for mitosis and prevention of endoreduplication in wing cells - activates the transcription of genes
involved in the G2/M phases of the cell cycle by inhibition of the highly conserved MuvB multi-protein repressor complex.

Myc (common alternative name name: diminutive)
bHLH - leucine zipper - homologous to vertebrate Myc proto-oncogenes - controls cell cycle progression, cell growth, cell competition and
regenerative proliferation - suppresses tumor invasion and cell migration by inhibiting the JNK signaling

Myd88
an an adaptor protein - death domain protein - encodes an essential component of the Toll pathway in dorsoventral pattern
formation - involved in signal transduction in the immune response in the regulation of antimicrobial peptides.

Myelodysplasia/myeloid leukemia factor
interacts with various factors involved in transcriptional regulation, regulates cell proliferation during eye morphogenesis,
Lozenge activity during hematopoetic development and assembly of the COP9 signalosome complex

myoblast city
a docking protein: DOCK180 homolog - by guanine nucleotide exchange factor - essential for myoblast fusion - in combination with
Ced-12, activates the Rac1 monomeric GTPase - contributes to border cell migration and dorsal closure

Myocardin-related transcription factor
conserved cofactor for serum response factor - required for border cell migration during oogenesis -
activation induced by cell stretching - regulates tracheal branching

myocyte enhancer factor 2
transcription factor - mads box - regulates muscle differentiation - Tinman and Pannier activate
and collaborate with Myocyte enhancer factor-2 to promote heart cell fate

myoglianin
secreted Transforming growth factor-beta family ligand - secreted by glial cells
during larval brain development - for neuronal expression of Ecdysone receptor

Myoinhibiting peptide precursor
ancestral ligand for the Sex peptide receptor - acts directly in the polyamine-detecting olfactory and taste neurons -
regulation of polyamine attraction, stabilization of sleep

myopic
signaling protein regulating receptor endocytosis, regulates integrin trafficking, Yorkie endosomal association
and protein levels, the Egfr pathway and the Toll pathway

myosin II (preferred name: zipper)
non-muscle myosin - motor protein - crucial functions in motility, cytokinesis, dorsal closure, cytoplasmic transport
required for cell motility - promotes the anisotropic loss of the apical domain during Drosophila neuroblast ingression
required for cell proliferation, cell sheet adhesion and wing hair morphology during wing morphogenesis

Myosin binding subunit
regulatory subunit of myosin phosphatase flapwing - involved in dorsal closure - involved in cell movement
and in the arrest of constriction of contractile rings and ring canals during oogenesis.

Myosin 10A
cytoskeletal motor protein required during dorsal closure for the correct alignment of cells on opposing sides
of the fusing epithelial sheets and for adhesion of the cells during the final zippering/fusion phase

Myosin 31DF
cytoskeletal motor protein required in the hindgut epithelium and testes for normal embryonic handedness (left-right asymmetry)

Myosin 61F
motor protein present within the microvillus of the gut apical brush border where it forms lateral tethers
between the microvillus membrane and underlying actin filament core - maintains structural integrity of the brush border domain enterocyte -
provides resistance against oral infection by bacterial pathogens

myospheroid
transmembrane protein - integrin-beta subunit of PS1 & PS2 - integrins are used to attach mesoderm to ectoderm and are required
for the proper assembly of the extracellular matrix and for muscle attachment - functions in signaling
between presynaptic and postsynaptic compartments of the neuromuscular junction

Myosuppressin
Myosuppressin is expressed in pars intercerebralis - Ms is a decapeptide that diminishes cardiac contractility and gut
motility - enlarges crops in flies that were fed ad libitum, consistent with the relaxant properties of Ms on insect muscles

Myosuppressin receptor 1 and Myosuppressin receptor 2
Myosuppressin receptors are crop muscle receptors through which Ms signals to modulate crop enlargement - MsRs exhibit a unique ionic lock,
a novel 3-6 lock, a transmission switch, and a tyrosine toggle switch involved in mechanisms underlying TM movement and MS-R activation

Myt1
Wee1-like kinase that specifically regulates Cdk1 (Cdc2) activity in the cytoplasm - Myt1 inhibition of Cyclin A/Cdk1 is essential for
fusome integrity and pre-meiotic centriole engagement in Drosophila spermatocytes

N

nab
transcriptional cofactor - co-activator of Squeeze in CNS neurons - co-repressor of
Rotund in wing - interacts with Brinker to eliminate cells with reduced Dpp signaling

Na/Ca-exchange protein
involved in phototransduction and response to endoplasmic reticulum stress

NAD kinase 1a
sustains lipogenesis by maintaining the pool of NADPH - NADPH production rescues the lipid storage defect in the fat body of NADK RNAi
animals -NADK and fatty acid synthase 1 regulate mitochondrial mass and function by altering the levels of acetyl-CoA and fatty acids.

NADPH oxidase
generation of reactive oxygen species, Nox knockdown in mature follicle cells leads to a reduction in superoxide and to defective
ovulation - Nox is required for induction of the secreted Turandot family proteins through the action of Unpaired proteins - extracellular
actin detection via Nox dependent Src-family kinase-dependent cascade is means of detecting cell injury - expressed in midgut

naked cuticle
EF-hand calcium-binding domain protein involved in Wingless pathway - targets dishevelled to antagonize Wnt signal transduction

nanchung
calcium channel, TRP family - partners with the channel Inactive in hearing transduction - in labellar mechanosensory neurons involved in
preference for soft food - Nan-expressing neurons under recurved bristles along the wing margin are essential sensory components for defensive
behavior - insecticides serve as specific agonists of Nan-Iav complexes that, by promoting cellular calcium influx, silence the stretch receptor cells

nanos
translational repressor - zinc finger - crucial organizer of the germ plasm - targets Hunchback and Bicoid mRNAs to achieve posterior identity - acts like a clamp
to hold Pumilio close to specific RNAs, which allows Pumilio to switch off the production of the corresponding proteins

Na pump α subunit
ion pump responsible for the cellular balance of sodium and potassium ions - regulation of neuronal excitability and auditory mechanosensation -
epithelial junction function - tracheal tube-size control - septate junction function - neurodegeneration - muscles - malpighian tubules

nautilus
transcription factor - myogenic bHLH factor - ortholog of the mammalian family of bHLH Myogenic Regulatory Factors - involved in somatic muscle myogenesis

Death regulator Nedd2-like caspase (common alternative name: Dronc)
cysteine protease - a functional homolog of CED-3/caspase-9 - initiator caspase - involved in programmed cell death -
activated by interaction with the Apaf-containing apoptosome

Nedd4
E3 ubiquitin ligase - negatively regulates the Notch signaling pathway and the genes comm and Amph - contributes to neuromuscular
synaptogenesis, transverse tubule formation in muscles, and muscle function - formation and actin-dependent patterning of the heart

Negative elongation factor E
RNA-binding protein - along with other factors, NELF causes polymerase to pause in the promoter proximal region of heat shock genes

neither inactivation nor afterpotential C (common alternative name: NinaC)
motor domain protein involved in adaptation during visual signal transduction - regulates of translocation
of Arrestin2 - required for stability of INAD and PKC

Neither inactivation nor afterpotential E (common alternative name: Rh1)
rhodopsin expressed in photoreceptors R1-R6, response to light intensity, phototransduction, thermotaxis

nejire
CBP, a transcriptional co-activator that interacts with a large number of developmentally important transcription factors - acetylates several nuclear
proteins, including histone H3 on K18, K27, and H4 on K8. - roles in cell proliferation, cell signaling and differentiation, and in developmental patterning

nemo
protein serine/threonine kinase involved in establishing ommatidial rotation/planar cell polarity, retinal specification and neuronal function, and circadian
clock speed - regulates the activity of several signal transduction pathways, including
BMP, Wnt, and Notch - implicated in fly models of neurodegenerative diseases

NEM-sensitive fusion protein 2
homohexameric AAA ATPase - developmentally regulated N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion (NSF) gene - mutants are defective in the synaptic growth
and maturation that occurs during larval development - functions to recycle SNARE complex components
subsequent to membrane fusion - required for tracheal tube growth and connectivity within the terminal cell

Neprilysin 4
endopeptidase involved in the extra-cellular metabolism of signalling peptides - metallopeptidase - regulates
insulin-like peptide (ILP) expression and food intake - required in the mushroom body for middle-term and long-term memory

nervana 1 and nervana 2
β subunit of Na,K-ATPase, plays an ion-pump-independent
role in junction formation and tracheal morphogenesis - important for maintaining cellular membrane potential in muscles

nervous fingers 1 (common alternative name: Nerfin-1)
zinc finger transcription factor required for the proper development of CNS commissural and connective axon fascicles -
prevents reversion of neurons into neural stem cells

nervous wreck
a member of a family of adaptor proteins - F-BAR/SH3 protein that regulates synapse growth - controls synapse morphology
by interacting with Wasp - regulates actin dynamics - interacts with thickveins and the endocytic machinery
to attenuate retrograde BMP signaling during synaptic growth

nervy
probable transcriptional co-repressor - described as an AKAP binding protein, zinc finger protein expressed in the CNS and involved in
axon guidance - required for proper morphogenesis of sensory neuron dendrites

Nesprin (preferred name: Muscle-specific protein 300 kDa)
cytoskeletal protein - transports mRNAs from the nucleus to postsynaptic sites during synaptic maturation -
controls glutamate receptor density at the neuromuscular junction - promotes myonuclear spacing

net
bHLH transcription factor - promotes vein production in the wing

Netrin-A and Netrin-B
secreted factors that provide instructive guidance cues in axonogenesis

neuralized
cytoplasmic zinc finger signaling protein - neurogenic - promotes or modulates the Notch neurogenic signal at the receptor/ligand level

Neural Lazarillo
Lipocalin family member, a homologue of vertebrate Apolipoprotein D and Retinol Binding Protein 4, required for JNK-mediated stress and starvation tolerance,
negatively regulates Insulin signaling, disrupting glucose homeostasis, repressing growth, and extending lifespan

Neurexin 1
ligand of neuroligins involved in development and function of synaptic architecture in the brain and neuromuscular junction - glutamergic synapse

Neurexin IV
multifunctional protein required for structural integrity of septate junctions

Neurofibromin 1
GAP-related domain protein functioning in the PKA pathway - critical to the biochemical processes underlying olfactory learning

Neuroglian
IG superfamily - NgCAM related - a cell aggregaton and signaling molecule that transmits the positional value of cell adhesion
to the cytoplasmic assembly of ankyrin and spectrin

neuroligin-1 and neuroligin-2
Postsynaptic receptor that interacts with presynaptic Neurexins - recruits scaffolding proteins for organization of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptors -
mediates the precise apposition of presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes

Neuroligin 4
neural cell adhesion molecule - neuromuscular junction BMP signaling pathway - sleep social behavior, interacts physically interact with Thickveins

neuropeptide F
peptide hormone - developmentally programmed to modify foraging and social behavior in Drosophila larvae

Neuropilin and tolloid-like (common alternative name: Neto)
transmembrane protein - auxiliary subunit of ionic Glutamate receptor required for clustering of ionotropic glutamate receptors
at the neuromuscular junction, for organization of postsynaptic densities and for synapse functionality

Neurotactin
transmembrane serine esterase homolog - Mutations in Neurotactin frequently cause defasciculation of the normally tightly associated ocellar pioneer axons

neurotic (preferred name: O-fucosyltransferase 1)
modifies Notch by attaching fucose within EGF domains - positively required for Notch signaling,
essential for the physical interaction of Notch with its ligand Delta and for the ability of Fringe to modulate this interaction

Neurotrophin 1
secreted ligand that maintains neuronal survival - expression rescues naturally occurring cell death and enables targeting by motor neurons

nicastrin
component of a proteolytic complex, along with Presenilin, that targets Notch and ß amyloid protein - Zn-dependent exopeptidase - co-expression
of the four core γ-secretase components, Presenilin, Nicastrin, Aph-1, and Pen-2 promotes the efficient assembly of mature, proteolytically active γ-secretase

Nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase
NAD salvage pathway - catalyzing the last step of NAD synthesis - stress response protein - required for thermotolerance and mitigation of oxidative stress-induced
shortened lifespan - protects against axonal degeneration through chaperone activity - protects against neurodegeneration through a proteasome-mediated
pathway - required for maintaining active zone structural integrity by interacting Bruchpilot - regulated post-transcriptionally by Highwire function

nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α1
forms pentameric receptors involved in fast excitatory synaptic neurotransmission - associated with changes in courtship, sleep longevity and insecticide resistance

nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α5, nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α6 & nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor α7
neurotransmitter-gated ion-channels - cholinergic synapse formation and dendritic refinement - site of action of insecticides

Nidogen/entactin
basement membrane component - required for proper assembly and maintenance of certain basement membranes
of the adipose tissue and flight muscles - binds to and couples Collagen IV and Laminin networks

Niemann-Pick Type C-1
a transmembrane protein related to the Hedgehog receptor Patched - mutants have a shortage of sterol, and, as a
consequence, inadequate ecdysone synthesis - required in the maintenance of neuronal function and
viability - loss of NPC1a in neurons mimics the human Niemann-Pick disease type C neurodegenerative condition

Niemann-Pick Type C-2
lysosomal cholesterol-binding protein that functions redundantly with npc2b in regulating sterol homeostasis and ecdysteroid biosynthesis

Nijmegen breakage syndrome
encodes a multifunctional protein that plays critical roles in the response to DNA damage and telomere maintenance -
part of a protein complex, MRN, that senses DNA strand breaks and amplifies the signal and then conveys it to
downstream effectors, such as ATM and p53, that regulate cell cycle checkpoints and DNA repair

Nimrod C1
EGF-like repeat transmembrane protein located on phagocytic cells - mediates resistence to bacteria

Nipped-A
Homologue of the yeast Tra1 and human TRRAP proteins - a key component of both the SAGA and Tip60 (NuA4) chromatin-modifying complexes -
required for Mastermind function during wing development

Nipped-B
a DNA-binding transcription factor regulates gene expression by controlling cohesin dynamics - regulates of sister chromatid cohesion

Nitric oxide synthase
Ca++/Calmodulin sensitive enzyme - ectopic expression of NOS at the late stages of larval development results in a decrease in cell proliferation
and a reduction in the size of the adult fly's structures - regulates growth coordination during imaginal disc regeneration

NK1 (preferred name: slouch, common alternative name: S59)
transcription factor - homeodomain - NK-1 class - maintenance of slouch is directly involved in the control of late aspects of muscle development,
such as muscle differentiation and morphogenesis, and possibly also innervation

NK2 (preferred name: ventral nervous system defective)
transcription factor - homeodomain - NK2 class - required for the formation of a subset of segmental neuroblasts, and possibly
as a neuroectodermal committment gene - upstream of proneural achaete-scute
complex - required for specification of the tritocerebrum in embryonic brain development

Nkx6 (preferred name: HGTX)
homeobox, NK decapeptide domain transcription factor - acts within a subclass of early born neurons to link
neuronal subtype identity to neuronal morphology
and connectivity - acts in parallel with exex to promote the development and differentiation of motor neurons that innervate ventral body wall muscles

NMDA receptor 1 and NMDA receptor 2
voltage/Mg2+-dependent Ca2+ channels activated by glutamate - required for olfactory learning

no circadian temperature entrainment
large glutamate-rich protein involved in temperature synchronization of behavioral activity

no distributive disjunction
kinesin - cytoskeletal motor protein that functions during meiosis and mitosis - produces chromosome congression forces by microtubule plus end-directed
motility and tip-tracking on polymerizing microtubule plus ends via association with EB1 plus end-directed motor - necessary for
chromosome segregation during meiosis and for proper chromosome alignment along the meiotic spindle

no mechanoreceptor potential C
a mechanosensitive Ca2+ TRP family channel, mediates locomotion related proprioception (touch sensation)
in PNS localized neurons - mediates sound detection in Johnston's organ

non-claret disjunctional
cytoskeletal motor protein - minus end directed kinesin - involved in spindle dynamics during meiosis and mitosis

non-stop
ubiquitin-specific protease involved in glial development - effects axon guidance

no-on-and-no-off transient C
a regulatory kinase of the nonsense-mediated decay pwathway - acts to regulate proper mRNA translation to safeguard synapse morphology and
maintain the efficacy of synaptic function

no poles
E3 ubiquitin ligase required for the preservation of genomic integrity during early embryogenesis

nord
a target the Hh signaling pathway - related to the vertebrate Neuron Derived Neurotrophic
Factor (NDNF) - localizes to the extracellular matrix - binds to Decapentaplegic or the
heterodimer Dpp-Glass bottom boat (Gbb) to modulate their release and activity - a dosage-depend
BMP modulator, where low levels of Nord promote and high levels inhibit BMP signaling

no receptor potential A
phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C used in visual and odor signal transduction

Nostrin & Cdc42-interacting protein 4
F-BAR proteins involved in regulation of membrane curvature and dynamics - regulation of dynamin-dependent endocytosis of E-cadherin
during oogenesis - Cip4 acts downstream of Cdc42 to activate the WASP-WAVE-Arp2/3 pathway in the notum and the wing epithelium -
Nostrin makes contact with microtubules through the kinesin Khc-73 for trafficking of recycling endosomes

Notch
transmembrane receptor - neurogenic - responsible for lateral inhibition and cell fate choices

not enough muscle (preferred name: inscuteable)
novel protein - SH3 binding domain, ankyrin repeats and cytoskeletal attachment domain - controller of cell fate during asymmetric cell division

Notum (common alternative name: wingful)
alpha/ß-hydrolase - Wingless antagonist - acts to induce cleavage of the Dlp glypican at the level of its GPI anchor leading to shedding of Dlp -
spatially regulated modification of Dlp by Notum employs the ligand binding activity of Dlp to promote or inhibit signaling in a context-dependent manner

n-synaptobrevin
a v-SNARE - a vesicular protein that plays a key role during synaptic vesicle exocytosis - involved in a neuron-specific
sort-and-degrade mechanism that protects neurons from degeneration

Nuak family kinase
serine/threonine kinase that biochemically and genetically interacts with the cochaperone Starvin in the autophagic clearance of protein aggregates in
larval muscles - Filamin/Cheerio is a target of NUAK kinase activity and abnormally accumulates upon loss of the Starvin-Hsc70-4 complex

nubbin (common alternative name: Pdm1)
ttranscription factor - homeodomain and pou domain - involved in cell fate determination of a subset of temporally determined neural subtypes - morphology of
sensory neurons is diversified through a series of suppressive transcriptional interactions involving Nubbin and Pdm2,
Cut and transcription factors Scalloped and Vestigial - Nubbin and Teashirt mark barriers to clonal growth along the proximal-distal axis of the wing

nuclear fallout
pericentrosomal protein which, along with Rab11, is involved in membrane trafficking and actin remodeling
during membrane furrow formation during cellularization - involved in endosomal-mediated membrane delivery to the site of furrow formation

Nuclear polyadenosine RNA-binding 2
poly(A) RNA binding protein - functions in cytoplasmic control of neuronal mRNAs in conjunction with
the fragile X protein ortholog dFMRP - patterns axon projection in the developing brain

nuclear untranslated RNA gene iab-4 (common alternative name: infraabdominal)
directly inhibits Ubx activity in vivo - ectopic expression induces a classical homeotic mutant phenotype,
the transformation of halteres into wings

Nucleolar protein at 60B (common alternative name: minifly)
pseudouridylate synthase - enzymatically modifies ribosomal RNA - required for maintenance of germ-line stem cells

Nucleoporin 44A (alternative name: Seh1)
component of a nucleoporin subcomplex - a binding parter of Missing oocyte; regulates nuclear architecture and meiotic progression in early ovarian cysts

Nucleoporin 93kD-1
nuclear pore complex - scaffold nucleoporin considered important for the overall integrity of the nuclear pore complex - functions in supporting Smad nuclear import -
a core component of the inner ring sub-complex - associates primarily with Polycomb-silenced regions - Nup93 recruits Nup62 to suppress chromatin tethering by Nup155

Nucleoporin 98-96kD
transcriptional regulator - viral-induced primary response gene - lymph gland hematopoietic development

Nucleosome assembly protein 1
Histone chaperone - chromatin assembly - core histone chaperone involved in histone nuclear transfer and chromatin assembly -
regulates the transcription of the HeT-A retrotransposon

Nucleostemin1
GTPase that acts in serotonergic neurons to regulate insulin signaling and thus exert global growth control

nudel
serine protease - docking protein - dorsal group - part of a signaling cascade that determines dorsal/ventral polarity of the embryo - required for eggshell biogenesis

nullo
novel myristoylprotein with a cluster of basic amino acids present in the basal junction and required for its formation at the onset of cellularization

numb
signaling protein - targeted by Notch signaling - involved in determination of alternate cell fates - regulates the
balance between Notch recycling and late endosome targeting in neural progenitor cells

Numb-associated kinase
A component of the endocytic pathway - regulates Neuroglian endocytosis during dendritic extension - regulates Discs large localization
in salivary gland cells - antagonizes the function of Numb and consequently regulates asymmetric cell division

NURF301 (preferred name: Enhancer of bithorax)
major subunit of nucleosome remodeling factor (nurf) - multiple domain protein with HMGI/Y and bromodomain motifs - interacts physically
and functionally with the TRF2/DREF basal transcription factor to organize nucleosomes downstream of active promoters

O

obstructor-A
secreted scaffold-like protein - binds chitin - recruits proteins for chitin-matrix growth - modulates
localization of proteins at the ECM - controls tracheal tube diameter - affects cuticle
stiffness during wound repair - promotes morphogenesis and axonal growth in the prothoracic gland

ocelliless
transcription factor - homeodomain - paired-like - acts in a combinatorial fashion with the cephalic gap genes empty spiracles and buttonhead to assign
segmental identities in the head and brain - required for the expression of recognition molecules that control axon targeting in the Drosophila retina

Octopamine β receptor
G-protein coupled receptor - inhibitory regulation of synaptic and behavioral plasticity at excitatory synapses

Octopamine β3 receptor
G-protein coupled receptor, monoaminergic autocrine signaling, body size checkpoint, nutrient dependence of metamorphosis

Octopamine β 2R receptor
G-protein coupled receptor - autoregulatory control of synaptic and behavioral plasticity at excitatory synapses - control of appetitive motivation

Octopamine receptor in mushroom bodies
G-protein coupled receptor - activated in mated females and functions during ovulation
in the oviduct epithelium to facilitate egg-laying - expressed in mushroom bodies

odd-skipped
transcription factor - zinc finger - pair rule gene - mutants associated with cuticle defects that are limited to
alternate--odd-numbered--segments - labels a group of distinct neurons associated with the mushroom body and optic lobe in the adult brain

odd-paired
transcription factor - zinc finger - pair rule gene - required for the timely activation of engrailed and wingless during segmentation - controls
frequency doubling in Drosophila segmentation by altering the pair-rule gene regulatory network

Odorant receptor co-receptor (Common alternative name: Odorant receptor 83b)
7 TM odorant receptor - broadly expressed receptor of unknown function - required for dendritic localization of conventional odorant receptors -
mutation disrupts behavioral and electorphysiological responses to many odorants

Odorant receptor 22a and Odorant receptor 22b
7 TM odorant receptor - Or22a responds to ethyl butyrate - localized to dendritic membranes of 22 cells of the basomedial region of the antenna

Odorant receptor 56a
7 TM odorant receptor - a receptor for a microbial odorant (geosmin) that alerts flies to the presence of harmful microbes -
regulates feeding and breeding behavior

Odorant receptor 65a
7 TM odorant receptor - courtship behavior - confers aversive response to cis-vaccenyl acetate

Odorant receptor 67d
7 TM odorant receptor - courtship behavior - the male-specific pheromone 11-cVA acts through Or67d to regulate both male and female mating behavior

Odorant receptor 71a, Odorant receptor 94a and Odorant receptor 94a
detection of yeast-produced ethylphenols, induction of positive chemotaxis, oviposition, and increased feeding

off-schedule
functions as translation initiation factor eIF4G during spermatogenesis to coordinate the initiation of meiotic division and differentiation

off-track
CCK-4 family of 'dead' receptor tyrosine kinases, Ig-domains - required for lamina-specific targeting of R1-R6 axons -
associates with Plexin, the receptor for Semaphorin ligand

O-fucosyltransferase 1 (alternative name: neurotic)
modifies Notch by attaching fucose within EGF domains - positively required for Notch signaling,
essential for the physical interaction of Notch with its ligand Delta and for the ability of Fringe to modulate this interaction

O-GlcNAc transferase (preferred name: super sex combs)
enzyme and polycomb factor - induces Hipk-mediated tumor-like growth proteasomal degradation - Hipk is
O-GlcNAcylated by OGT - cooperates with N-glycanase to regulate proliferation in intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and apoptosis in
differentiated enterocytes - controls of synaptic size and synaptic bouton number at the neuromuscular junction - part of a
clock-regulated buffering mechanism that prevent excessive O-GlcNAcylation at non-optimal times of the day-night cycle - O-GlcNAcylation of
TDP-43 suppresses ALS-associated proteinopathies and promotes TDP-43's splicing function - plays a role in
habituation learning - O-GlcNAcylation is needed for Polyhomeotic to form functional, ordered assemblies

okra
DNA helicase involved in DNA repair - required for meiosis - the Drosophila homolog of the yeast DNA-repair protein Rad54

olf186-F (common alternative name: Orai)
store-operated Ca2+ channel involved in rhythmic firing of the flight motoneurons - physically interacts with
the Ca2+ store sensor Stim (Stromal interaction molecule) to form the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel

Olig family
HLH transcription factor expressed in the brain and CNS - motor neuron identify factor - regulates axon guidance

onecut
homeodomain and cut domain - regulates some aspects of neural differentiation or maintenance

optic ganglion reduced (common alternative names: Ogre and Inx-1)
gap junction protein functioning in blood-brain barrier glia - mediate the influence
of metabolic changes on stem cell behavior; response of glia to nutritional signals

Optic atrophy 1
mediates fusion of the inner mitochondrial membrane, suppression of Opa1 induces cardiac dysfunction associated with mitochondrial depolarization and ROS production

Optix
homeodomain and Six domain - involved in eye morphogenesis by an eyeless-independent mechanism - regulates antero-posterior patterning of the ocelli

optomotor-blind (preferred name: bifid)
transcription factor - brachyury T homolog - involved in differentiation of the brain, the CNS, the wing and in patterning of adult abdominal segments
- promotes fold formation to separate wing notum and hinge territories

optomotor-blind-related-gene-1
T-box transcription factor - involved in the combinatorial activation of somatic muscle lineage-specific targets -
visceral mesoderm - gain of function causes antenna-to-leg transformations and shortened leg

Ora transientless
histamine-gated chloride channel required for synaptic transmission at the photoreceptor-large monopolar cells synapse and
for orientation and motion vision - responsible for synaptic transients in electroretinograms -
modulates temperature preference and controls tolerance of low and high temperature

orb
RRM - RNA binding protein - Drosophila's cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein (CPEB) -
functions in the transport of mRNAs coding for two essential proteins that govern polarity in the egg:
Oskar, an anterior/posterior determinate and Gurken, a dorsal/ventral determinant

orb2
cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein - RNA binding protein - forms amyloid-like oligomers enriched
in the synaptic membrane - critical for the persistence of long-term memory

Orbit (preferred name: Chromosome bows)
microtubule-associated protein that plays an essential role facilitating the kinetochore-microtubule interaction -
maternially it facilitates multiple interactions of the fusome with mitotic spindles and ring canals -
zygotically it mediates the action of Slit and its receptors acting as a partner of the Abelson tyrosine kinase

orientation disrupter
rapidly evolving gene - involved in meiotic cohesion, chromosome core maintenance and homologous recombination

Origin recognition complex subunit 1
A subunit of the Origin recognition complex, regulating the initiation of DNA replication - Orc1 is degraded by APC
at the cell's exit from mitosis and reaccumulates at the end of G1

Origin recognition complex 2
A subunit of the Origin recognition complex, involved in initiation of DNA replication - necessary at the interphase-to-mitosis
transition to recruit cdc2 kinase and disassemble RPA foci.

Origin recognition complex subunit 3 (common alternative lame: Latheo)
ORC3 homolog - regulates DNA replication - also, a presynaptic protein with a role in the Ca2+-dependent synaptic modulation mechanisms necessary for behavioral plasticity

Origin recognition complex subunit 6
A DNA-binding protein that functions as subunit of the Origin recognition complex - involved in initiation of DNA replication -
facilitates GTPase activity and filament formation of the septin complex

orion
chemokine-like protein that binds to phosphatidylserine (PS) - PS exposure on neurons is supplied cell-non-autonomously
to coat dendrites> and to mediate interactions between PS and Draper, thus enabling phagocytosis - involved
in the transformation of glial cells into phagocytes in different developmental neuronal remodeling paradigms - expressed in
fat body, epidermal cells, trachea, hemocytes and glia - necessary for both axonal pruning and removal of axonal debris in the developing mushroom body

Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme (common alternative name: gutfeeling)
modifies the activity of Ornithine decarboxylase - regulates the nuclear entry and overall levels of Sex-lethal in early germ cells.

orthodenticle preferred name: Ocelliless
transcription factor - homeodomain - paired-like - acts in a combinatorial fashion with the cephalic gap genes empty spiracles and buttonhead to assign
segmental identities in the head and brain

orthopedia
homeodomain transcription factor - involved hindgut development of Drosophila, downstream factor of branchyenteron

osa (common alternative name: eyelid)
transcription factor - Bright family - associates with the Brahma chromatin remodeling complex - antagonizes Wingless signaling
during Drosophila development and affects patterning of the eye imaginal disc

oskar
novel - assembles germ plasm - a anterior/posterior determinant regulating embryonic development - oskar RNA plays
multiple noncoding roles to support oogenesis and maintain integrity of the germline/soma distinction.

Otefin
a nuclear lamin that is essential for germline stem cell maintenance - physically interacts with Medea/Smad4
at the bam silencer element to regulate GSC fate

Otopetrin-like a
proton channel - mediates acid taste - functions in distinct subsets of gustatory receptor
neurons for repulsion and attraction to high and low levels of protons, respectively

ovarian tumor
novel protein required in oogenesis - ensures the survival of female germ cells in pupae, cyst formation in germ-line cells, the attainment
of mature chromosome structure in nurse cells and egg maturation.

ovo
zinc finger transcription factor - involved in ovarian maturation, sex determination, segment polarity

Ovulin (preferred name: Accessory gland peptide 26aa)
male ejaculate accessory gland protein - increases ovulation through octopamine based neuronal signaling

OXA1L mitochondrial inner membrane protein
membrane insertase, mediates mitochondrial membrane insertion of cytochrome c oxidase proteins, localizes to cristae and reticular structures
isolated in the matrix in addition to the inner boundary membrane, suggesting that it may participate in the formation of vesicle germination-derived cristae

P

p38a MAP kinase
p38a serine/threonine protein kinase - involved in response stress including heat shock, oxidative stress
and starvation - activates its downstream component Atf-2 that in turn regulates Duox expression

p38b MAP kinase
a MAP kinase involved in transforming growth factor beta superfamily signal transduction in Drosophila wing
morphogenesis - regulates Hippo signaling in ovarian follicle cells and the wing disc

p53
DNA repair pathway and apoptosis transcription factor - restricts retrotransposon activity and genetically interacts with components of the piRNA pathway

Pabp2
poly(A) binding protein - functions in nuclear polyadenylation - cytoplasmic PABP2 acts to shorten the poly(A) tails of specific mRNAs

pacman
exoribonuclease that degrades decapped mRNA - directly interacts with Decapping protein 1 to couple mRNA decapping to 5' exonucleolytic
degradation - required for degradation of mRNAs targeted by NMD and RNAi - regulates polycomb silencing - regulates insulin-like peptide
dilp8 and the neuropeptide-like precursor Nplp2 mRNA levels - affects apoptosis and regulates expression of hid
and reaper - regulates expression of the heat shock protein Hsp67Bc and the microRNA miR-277-3p in wing imaginal discs

Paf1 (accepted Flybase name: antimeros)
Part of a protein complex that directs the histone methyltransferase activity and links active transcription and modifications of chromatin structure.

painless
calcium channel - nociceptor - mutant is pain response defective - nociception genes painless and Piezo are required for the
cellular immune response of Drosophila larvae to wasp parasitization.

Painting of fourth
RNA-binding protein that increases transcription output from chromosome 4, targets specific loci on the X chromosome

paired
transcription factor - homeodomain - paired domain - plays a decisive role in the progression of a regulatory hierarchy from pair-rule directed
segmentation of the embryo to the subdivision carried out by segment polarity genes
specifying positional information within segments - regulates accessory gland development and male fertility

Paired box neuro
transcription factor - paired domain - specifies the differences between mono-innervated external sensory (m-es) organs
and poly-innervated external sensory (p-es) organs - determines the fate to form larval p-es organs and
adult chemosensory bristles - Pax2 and Poxn define the presumptive deutocerebral-tritocerebral boundary

PAK-kinase
p21-activated kinase - signal transduction protein functioning downstream of rac - required for growth cone guidance - BTB-kelch protein Diablo
modulates synaptic dPAK to gate glutamate receptor abundance and postsynaptic response

pale
tyrosine hydroxylase - catalyzes the first and rate-limiting step in catecholamine biosynthesis - mediates the oxidation of tyrosine to L-DOPA -
DOPA decarboxylase may then metabolize L-DOPA to dopamine

palisade
multi-domain protein that acts during oogenesis to coordinate assembly of the vitelline membrane -
required for functional properties of the eggshell

Pallidin
a central subunit of a complex called biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 (BLOC1) that regulates specific endosomal
functions - Downregulation of Pallidin in surface glia reduces and delays nighttime sleep in a circadian-clock-dependent manner - links essential
amino acid availability and GABAergic sleep/wake regulation - downregulation neutral amino acid transporter-like transporters as well
as of TOR amino acid signaling, phenocopy Pallidin knockdown - supplementing food with leucine normalizes the sleep/wake phenotypes of Pallidin downregulation

pancreatic eIF-2α kinase (common alternative name: Perk)
phosphorylates and inhibits the translation initiation factor 2 α, control of intestinal stem cell proliferation,
homeostatic regeneration, unfolded protein response of the ER, endoplasmic reticulum stress

pangolin
transcription factor - HMG domain - segment polarity - acts to transduce the Wingless signal - toggles between acting as a transcriptional
repressor (when bound to Groucho) and activator (when bound to Armadillo) to promote cell fate specification

pan gu
serine/threonine kinase - inhibits DNA replication in the unfertilized egg and permits the accumulation of Cyclin B during early
mitotic divisions - controls the translation of hundreds of mRNAs, such as CyclinB and Smaug, during the
oocyte-to-embryo transition - active Png kinase requires the formation of a complex with the two activating subunits Plutonium and Giant nuclei.

pannier (common alternative name: dGATAa)
transcription factor - zinc finger - GATA family - required for the normal pattern
of sensory bristles in parts of the dorsal epithelium - an activator of proneural achaete-scute complex genes - roles
include dorsal cell fate determination, nervous system development and lymph gland development

Panoramics
chromatin factor - transposon repression - positive regulation of methylation-dependent chromatin silencing - piRNA-guided transcriptional
silencing - piRNA binding - forms a protein complex with Nxf2 and Nxt1/p15 that provides the key molecular connection between
Piwi, the nascent target RNA, and the cellular heterochromatin machinery

paralytic
α-subunit of voltage-gated sodium channel - neuromuscular junction - required for locomotor activity - generates
sodium-dependent action potentials - regulated by RNA alternative splicing and translational repression

par-1
serine/threonine kinase involved in cell polarization during asymmetric cell division - synaptic active zone
proteins are transported via mechanisms regulated by Par-1 kinase

par-6
PDZ domain transcription factor required for asymmetric cell division of neuroblasts and for the maintenance of oocyte
cell fate - regulates gene expression in muscles and in circadian clock neurons.

PAR-domain protein 1
PAR-domain bZIP transcription factor - controls skeletal muscle genes during differentiation - regulates expression of the Tropomyosin I gene
in somatic body-wall and pharyngeal muscles

parkin
ubiquitin protein ligase - degrades proteins with aberrant conformations - mutants exhibit muscle degeneration, male sterility,
and defects in brain dopaminergic cells - PINK1 activates Parkin activity leading to ubiquitination
of multiple proteins, which in turn promotes clearance of mitochondria by mitophagy

partner of drosha
double-stranded RNA-binding protein - essential for the biogenesis of canonical miRNAs - required for imaginal disc growth

partner of inscuteable
involved in asymmetric cell divisions and establishment of cell polarity - Prefoldin acts synergistically with
Pins to regulate asymmetric division of both neuroblasts and intermediate neural progenitors

partner of numb
adaptor protein that physically associates with and regulates Numb - Polo can inhibit progenitor self-renewal by directly phosphorylating Partner of numb

parvin
a component of the tripartite IPP complex that maintains the integrin-actin link at embryonic muscle attachment sites -
affects the organization of actin cytoskeleton in both wing and eye epithelia

Pasiflora1 and Pasiflora2
tetraspan proteins - core components of septate junctions - blood-brain and tracheal barriers

patched
transmembrane protein - segment polarity gene - receptor for Hedgehog - The reception and transduction of the HH signal is mediated by its receptor
Patched and by Smoothened - PTC and HH control SMO by regulating its stability, trafficking, and phosphorylation - SMO in turn interacts
directly with Fused and Costal2, which interact with each other and with Cubitus interruptus in an intracellular Hedgehog transducing complex

pathetic
expressed in both neuroblasts and glia - In NBs, path is directly targeted by Notch signalling via Su(H) binding - Loss of path in
larval brain neural stem cells delays proliferation - important in glial cells to help protect brain growth under conditions of nutrient
restriction - a candidate gene in the nutritional circuit between systemic muscle wasting and tumour growth in proline vulnerable
cancers - mutation of path impinges on nutrient responses and protein homeostasis specifically in neurons with large dendrite arbors but not in other cells

Patj
PDZ-domain junctional protein involved in assembling a protein complex that functions in planar cell polarity - Patj forms an
apical protein complex with Crumbs and Stardust - plays supporting roles in apico-basal cell polarity and
stability of adherens junction - involved in retinal morphogenesis, maintenance, and planar cell polarity.

Patronin
microtubule minus-end-binding protein - organization of apical microtubule network to ensure size/shape homogeneity - links epithelial
polarity to folding via a microtubule-based mechanical mechanism - interacts with and recruited by Shot stop which interacts
with the cell cortex through its actin-binding domain - antagonist of microtubule depolymerizing kinesin Klp10A

pavarotti
a kinesin motor protein - required both to establish the structure of the telophase spindle to provide a framework for assembly of the contractile ring
and to mobilize mitotic regulator proteins - Pavarotti as an inhibitor of kinesin-1-driven microtubule sliding that regulates neurite outgrowth

Paxillin
cytoskeletal adaptor that couples integrins to the actin cytoskeleton in focal adhesions - positively regulates Rac
and negatively regulating Rho - regulates actin dynamics and cell adhesion during muscle fusion -
targeted by JNK in the regulation of border-cell cluster integrity during oogenesis

PAX transcription activation domain interacting protein
BRCT (BRCA1 carboxy terminal) domain protein that can bind to phosphorylated serine residues - chromatin-binding protein implicated in epigenetic control
of development and differentiation - potential trithorax gene cofactor - potential interactor with transcription factors that also serves as a modifier of histones

Pcaf (preferred name: Gcn5 ortholog)
a major histone H3 acetylase in Drosophila that plays a key role in the control of specific morphogenetic
cascades during developmental transitions - Gcn5 interacts with Cyclin A to facilitate proper turnover
in germ-line stem cells - Gcn5 promotes Cyclin A ubiquitination, which is dependent on its acetylating activity.

Pcf11 (preferred name: Protein 1 of cleavage and polyadenylation factor 1)
RNA binding motif protein - dismantles elongation complexes by a RNA Polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD) dependent mechanism
- forms a bridge between the CTD and RNA

pch2
conserved AAA+ ATPase that participates in a double strand break independent meiotic prophase checkpoint

PDGF- and VEGF-receptor related
Ig C-2 type domain receptor tyrosine kinase - required for border cell migration

PDGF- and VEGF-related factor 1
ligands that orchestrate migratory patterns of hemocytes at the embryonic ventral midline - essential cell autonomously
for proper positioning of the salivary glands - border cell migration

PDGF- and VEGF-related factor 2 and PDGF- and VEGF-related factor 3
ligands that orchestrate migratory patterns of hemocytes at the embryonic ventral midline -
essential cell autonomously for proper positioning of the salivary glands

pdm-1 (preferred name: Nubbin)
transcription factor - homeodomain and pou domain - involved in cell fate determination of a subset of temporally determined neural
subtypes - morphology of sensory neurons is diversified through a series of suppressive transcriptional interactions
involving Nubbin and Pdm2, Cut and transcription factors Scalloped and Vestigial - Nubbin and Teashirt mark barriers to clonal growth along the proximal-distal axis of the wing

pdm-2 (preferred name: POU domain protein 2)
transcription factor - homeodomain and pou domain - collaborates with nubbin/pdm-1 during specification of the RP2/sib lineage in Drosophila
neurogenesis - acts as a temporal identity gene and a timing gene required for the termination of the Kruppel temporal identity window

peanut
member of the septin family of polymerizing GTPases - functions together with Septin 1 and Septin 2 in organizing the cytoskeleton during cytokinesis and septum formation

pebble
a Rho GEF required for the formation of the contractile ring and the initiation of cytokinesis - acts via Rho and polarity
proteins to direct the assembly of an isotropic actomyosin cortex upon mitotic entry

pebbled (alternative name: hindsight)
multiple zinc finger transcription factor - plays a permissive role facilitating the process of germ band retraction - acts as a
tissue-specific transcriptional attenuator. - roles include embryonic morphogenesis and development of ovary, retina and respiratory system

pecanex
a component of the Notch signaling pathway - a transmembrane protein required for ER function - potentially required in Notch
signal-receiving cells for processing of Notch protein

P-element somatic inhibitor
splice factor that regulates the thermosensitive alternative splicing of timeless (tim) - AGO1 interacts with Psi to repress Myc
transcription and inhibit developmental cell and tissue growth - Psi interacts with the mediator complex to modulate MYC transcription - Psi interaction
with the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex (snRNP) controls male courtship behavior by regulation splicing
for fruitless - regulates splicing of the P-element transposase pre-mRNA by binding a pseudo-splice site upstream of the authentic splice site

pelle
tyrosine kinase - Toll pathway - dorsal group - involved in signal transduction during induction of dorsal/ventral polarity
during early embryogenesis - regulation of antimicrobial peptides.

pelota
RNA binding motif protein - controls germ-line stem cell self-renewal by repressing a differentiation pathway, possibly through
regulating translation - RNA surveillance complex Pelo-Hbs1 is required for transposon silencing in the Drosophila germline

Pendulin
adaptor in the Ran-GTP nuclear transport cycle that binds a cargo protein to the nuclear import receptor Fs(2)Ket - Nanos inhibits translation of maternal
importin-α2 mRNA thus regulating the maternal-zygotic transition - regulates Piwi nuclear transport which in turn transcriptionally regulates transposons - involved in
centrosome duplication, mitotic spindle dynamics, nuclear envelope assembly, ring canal formation in the female germline, geotaxic behaviour and perception of pain

Peptidoglycan recognition protein LA
regulation of the immune deficiency pathway, non-cell-autonomous role for a JNK/PGRP-LA/Relish signaling axis in
mediating death of neighboring normal cells to facilitate tumor growth, functions in tracheae of larvae and adult gut

Peptidoglycan recognition protein LC
transmembrane receptor involved in antimicrobial response, recognizes bacterial toxins, tracheal cytotoxin (TCT), expressed in fat body and midgut

Peptidoglycan recognition protein SA
secreted immune pattern-recognition receptors upstream of the Drosophila Toll pathway - peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs)
SA and LC structurally discriminate between bacterial peptidoglycans with lysine (Lys) or diaminopimelic(DAP)
acid, respectively, thus inducing differential antimicrobial transcription response

Peptidylglycine-alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase
an enzyme involved in producing amidated neuropeptides - amidated secretory peptides are required for signaling
events that ensure progression through several critical developmental transitions

perdido (common alternative name: Kon-tiki)
conserved multi-domain transmembrane receptor required cell autonomously for myotubes to recognize their tendon cell
targets - signals through the intracellular adaptor Grip in a conserved molecular pathway

pericardin
collagen-like extracellular matrix protein involved in heart development

pericentrin-like protein
PACT domain protein - associated with both the centrioles and pericentriolar material -
essential for the formation of functional cilia and flagella - plays an important role
together with cnn in organizing the pericentriolar material of the centrosome during interphase.

period
transcription factor - pas domain protein - regulates the diurnal photoperiod response of adult flies via a negative feedback
loop - The Cycle/Clock complex binds to the per promoter activating transcription - transcription is repressed
when Per protein interact directly with the Cycle/Clock complex - After the sun rises Per molecules degrade,
thereby releasing the repression of the Cycle/Clock complex resulting in resumption of per gene transcription

Peroxinectin-like
cyclooxygenase (Cox-like enzyme) - required for production of prostaglandins - regulation of actin cytoskeleton
during oogenesis - regulation of Fascin to control actin remodeling

persephone
trypsin-like serine protease - specific for fungal detection in a cascade activated by secreted fungal proteases and required
for the sensing of proteases elicited by bacteria in the hemolymph - acts downstream of pattern recognition receptors and upstream of Toll

Pez
an evolutionarily conserved FERM domain protein containing a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) domain - a binding partner of the upstream
Hippo signaling component Kibra - regulates midgut homeostasis

PHD finger protein 7 ortholog
chromatin component - conserved epigenetic 'reader' that activates the male germline sexual program -
binds histone H3 N-terminal tails with a preference for dimethyl lysine 4

Phosphatase and tensin homolog (common alternative name: Pten)
lipid and protein phosphatase acting in insulin pathway - PTEN, a tumour suppressor, is a lipid and protein phosphatase that inhibits
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent signalling by dephosphorylating phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate

Phosphoethanolamine cytidylyltransferase
a critical regulator of hunger-driven feeding - a rate-limiting enzyme in the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)
biosynthesis pathway - Disrupting Pect activity in Drosophila fat cells causes insulin resistance, dysregulated
lipoprotein delivery to the brain, and a loss of hunger-driven feeding - mutants exhibit alterations in
phospholipid composition, defective phototransduction, and retinal degeneration

Phosphoinositide-dependent kinase 1
a master kinase that is crucial for the activation of AKT (PKB) and many kinases including PKC and S6K - contains pleckstrin homology (PH) domains
that interact with the PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 second messenger - regulates cell growth - controls synaptic bouton size,
active zone number, and synaptic function - essential for neuronal differentiation

Phosphotidylinositol 3 kinase 59F
regulates intracellular vesicular transport of proteins at distinct membrane domains through production of phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate -
interacts with Rabenosyn-5 which carries out a subset of Pi3K59 functions - promotes autophagy and endocytosis

Phosphotidylinositol 3 kinase 92E
an enzyme that synthesizes phosphatidylinositide lipids, which act as signals essential for growth - a target of the insulin pathway

phosphatidylserine receptor
nuclear protein that acts through the c-Jun-NH2 terminal kinase pathway to alter the sensitivity to cell death

pH-sensitive chloride channel 2 (common alternative name: Hodor)
a pH-modulated, zinc-gated chloride channel - regulates fluid secretion in Malpighian tubules - controls growth from a subset of enterocytes (interstitial cells) by promoting food
intake and insulin/IGF signalling - reduced food intake of hodor mutants is rescued by activation of Tor signalling in hodor-expressing cells - transport chloride out of interstitial
cells-thus maintaining osmolarity and water balance - lysosomal Hodor may transport chloride into the lysosome to sustain V-ATPase function, lysosomal acidification and TOR signalling

phyllopod
a target of EGFR signalling in the eye - protein degradation cofactor - involved in a negative cross talk between RTK and
Notch/Wg pathways - Post‐transcriptional downregulation of Notch and Wg signalling by Phyl allows fine‐tuning of the
signal and creates a delicate balance between active signalling of Notch/Wg pathways and their degradation by the lysosomal pathway

pickel
(common alternative name: megatrachea)
claudin required for septate junction formation and barrier function - control of secretion processes specific
to septate junction and dependent on Sec61p may involve Megatrachea interaction with Sec61 subunits, trachea

pickled eggs
Gas2-like protein functioning during oogenesis and mesodermal development -
acts downstream of Notch and restrict Notch activation to appropriate levels

pickpocket
subunit of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) family - plays an essential role in controlling rhythmic locomotion by providing mechanosensory signal
transduction of proprioceptive sensory information

pickpocket 11 & pickpocket 16
DEG/ENaC sodium channel subunits - homeostatic modulation of presynaptic neurotransmitter release

pickpocket 23, pickpocket 25 and pickpocket 29
DEG/ENaC sodium channel subunit - required for activation of courtship behavior by chemosensory perception of female pheromones

pickpocket 28
amiloride-sensitive Na+ channel - osmosensitive ion channel that mediates response to water -
expressed in labellar gustatory chemosensory bristles

pico
signal transduction - molecular adaptor that links EGFR activation to mitogenic SRF signaling via changes in actin dynamics -
required for cell growth and proliferation

Piezo & Piezo-like
mechanically activated cation channel - stretch-activated mechanotransduction - mechanical nociceptor

Pi4KIIα
Type II phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase (PI4KII) produces the lipid phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, a key regulator
of membrane trafficking - critical for apical membrane transport events required for rhabdomere biogenesis

Pigment-dispersing factor
a secreted neuropeptide that acts via a specific G-protein-coupled receptor - involved in the photoperiod response - contributes control of flight and digestion

Pigment-dispersing factor receptor
dopaminergic neurons that respond to PDFR signalling are sleep-promoting and during the day when PDF levels are high, they are inhibited, thereby
promoting wakefulness - regulates free-running rhythmicity in Drosophila circadian locomotor activity - modulators of molecular cycling in the
peripheral clocks of both the glial cells and the photoreceptors of the compound eye, regulation of night-onset temperature preference

piRNA methyltransferase
RNA methyltransferase - carries out methylation of small interfering RNAs, the final step in assembly of RISC occurring
after the Argonaute-bound siRNA duplex is converted to single-stranded RNA

pimples
novel protein required for sister chromatid separation in mitosis - shares functional similarities to securin a protein that acts to
premature activation of separins - securin inhibits separase endoprotease activity via an inhibitory pseudosubstrate region

pipe
heparan sulfate 2-O-sulfotransferase - functions in follicle cells to set up the spatially restricted signal responsible
for activating the spatially delimited protease cascade triggering Toll and the establishment
of dorsal/ventral polarity during early development.

pipsqueak
BTB domain & Psq motif transcription factor that targets a Polycomb group protein complex to Polycomb response elements - epigenetic
silencers Lola and Pipsqueak collaborate with Notch to promote malignant tumours by Rb silencing

pita (alternative name: spotted dick)
zinc finger transcription factor that serves as an activator of expression of a set of genes required for initiation of DNA replication

pitchoune
DEAD-box RNA helicase - a target of myc suggesting that myc might cell proliferation by activating genes that are required in protein biosynthesis

piwi
a novel protein involved in stem cell renewal and asymmetric cell division - piRNA-guided slicing of transposon transcripts enforces
their transcriptional silencing via specifying the nuclear piRNA repertoire - maintains germline stem cells and oogenesis in Drosophila through
negative regulation of Polycomb group proteins Piwi modulates chromatin accessibility by regulating multiple factors including Histone H1 to repress transposons

pleiohomeotic
zinc finger - Polycomb group - the first Polycomb group member to be identified as a DNA binding protein -
targets Polycomb response elements involved in gene silencing

plexin A
semaphorin domain protein, semaphorin receptor - involved in axon guidance - Semaphorin 2a secreted
by oenocytes signals through plexin B and plexin A to guide sensory axons in the Drosophila embryo

plexin B
semaphorin domain protein, receptor for the secreted semaphorin Sema-2a -
regulates axon extension from the sensory neuron cell body in regions of direct contact with oenocytes

PNGase-like
enzyme - deglycosylates the denatured form of N-linked glycoproteins in the cytoplasm and assists their proteasome-mediated
degradation - leaves the beta-aspartyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) of the glycan and the amide side chain of Asn, converting
Asn to Asp - coordinated regulation between O-GlcNAcylation and PNG1 is critical to balancing proliferation and apoptosis to
maintain gut homeostasis - loss of Pngl results in a severe decrease in the level of Dpp homodimers and abolishes
BMP autoregulation in the visceral mesoderm mediated by Dpp and Tkv homodimers - loss of NGLY1 in the
visceral muscle of the Drosophila larval intestine results in a severe reduction in the level of AMPKalpha, leading
to energy metabolism defects, impaired gut peristalsis, failure to empty the gut, and animal lethality.

pod-1
WD repeat protein - crosslinks actin and microtubules - proper levels of Pod-1 must be maintained in the growth cone for correct axon guidance

poils au dos
zinc finger transcription factor - repressor of achaete and scute during bristle development

pointed
transcription factor - ets family - a target of Egf signaling - required for the differentiation of glial cells in the ventral nerve cord -
required downstream of Ras in the development of the eye prevents both premature
differentiation and dedifferentiation of Drosophila intermediate neural progenitors

pokkuri (preferred name: anterior open, common alternative name: yan)
ets domain transcription factor - target of Ras pathway that serves to inhibit neural and other types
of differentiation - crucial to the development of the nervous system, heart, trachea and eye

pollux
novel cell surface receptor, leucine zipper protein - GTPase activator activity - signaling protein with a potential involvement in exocytosis - involved in tracheal development

polo
protein kinase - regulates mitosis - participates in the control of mitotic progression by targeting Cdc25/String - centrosome-specific phosphorylation of
Cnn by Polo/Plk1 drives Cnn scaffold assembly and centrosome maturation - Cdk1 phosphorylates
Sas-4 to recruit Polo to daughter centrioles and convert them to centrosomes

poly(A) polymerase (preferred name: hiiragi)
involved in both nuclear and cytoplasmic polyadenylation of mRNA - controls the formation of the wing margin

Poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase
enzyme that attaches ADP-ribose moiety to histone - promotes chromatin silencing by regulating the localization and function of SIR2

polyA-binding protein
RNA-binding protein involved in translational regulation and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay - interactions
of GW182 proteins with PABP and deadenylases are required for both translational repression and degradation of miRNA targets

polybromo
chromatin component - a subunit of Polybromo-associated Brahma complex (PBAP) - involved in chromatin remodeling together with Brahma
complex - regulates gene transcription through DNA binding, which is dependent or independent of the PBAP complex.

polychaetoid
scaffolding protein, PDZ domain protein, MAGUK - involved in sensory organ development - mutations have a neurogenic
effect - suppresses Deltex-regulated Notch activity to modulate germline stem cell niche formation

Polycomb
transcription factor - chromo domain - Polycomb group - chromatin associated protein - involved in gene silencing chromatin binding protein that interacts
with histone H3K27me3 - Pc target genes are predominantly transcription factors or receptors that control cell fate and most developmental decisions

Polycomblike
a member of a distinct chromatin complex - functions downstream of Pleiohomeotic in the assembly of a repressive complex
that generates high levels of H3-K27 trimethylation in Polycomb target genes

polyhomeotic proximal & distal
transcription factor - zinc finger - Polycomb group - maintain the repression of hedgehog in the anterior cells abutting
the anterior-posterior boundary of the developing wing

Polypeptide N-Acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 4 (common alternative name: Pgant4)
O-glycosyltransferase - initiates the formation of mucin-type O-linked glycans - regulates secretion of components of the peritrophic/mucous membrane in the larval digestive
tract - mutation can be rescued by expression of conserved cargo receptor Tango1 and partially rescued by supplementation with exogenous mucins or treatment with
antibiotics - mutants exhibit disruption of the mucosal barrier, resulting in epithelial expression of the IL-6-like cytokine Upd3, leading to
activation of JAK/STAT signaling, differentiation of cells that form the progenitor cell niche and abnormal proliferation of progenitor cells

poly-U-binding splicing factor (preferred name half pint)
RNA recognition motif protein - functions in both constitutive and alternative splicing - required during oogenesis - a single stranded nucleic
acid binding protein - functions in Myc transcriptional repression and cell growth control, via interaction with the transcription factor Haywire.

porcupine
O-acyltransferase activity - mediates lipidation of Wingless, which targets Wingless to secretory vesicles that deliver the ligand
to specialized microdomains at the cell surface where it can be packaged for secretion
porin
main pore-forming protein of the outer mitochondrial membrane - multi-functional channel protein that shuttles
metabolites between the mitochondria and the cytosol and implicated in cellular life and death decisions

Posterior sexcombs
transcription factor - zn finger-ring motif-Polycomb group - Psc is a component of Suppressor of zeste 2 complex - recruits functional
PcG-silencing complexes - regulates gene expression by modifying epigenetic marks

pou domain motif 3
Pou domain transcription factor required for odor response in a class of olfactory receptor neurons - acts
in odor receptor gene expression and axon targeting of olfactory neurons

POU domain protein 1 (preferred name: Nubbin)
transcription factor - homeodomain and pou domain - involved in cell fate determination of a subset of temporally determined neural subtypes - morphology of
sensory neurons is diversified through a series of suppressive transcriptional interactions involving Nubbin and Pdm2,
Cut and transcription factors Scalloped and Vestigial - Nubbin and Teashirt mark barriers to clonal growth along the proximal-distal axis of the wing

POU domain protein 2 (pdm-2)
transcription factor - homeodomain and pou domain - along with pdm-1 involved in cell fate determination of a
subset of temporally determined neural subtypes - morphology of sensory neurons is diversified through
a series of suppressive transcriptional interactions involving Pdm1 (Nubbin) and Pdm2, the homeodomain transcription
factor Cut, and the transcriptional regulators Scalloped and Vestigial

Pox meso
Pax family transcription factor - demarcates the 'Poxm competence domain', a domain of competence for ventral and lateral muscle development
and for the determination of at least some adult muscle precursor cells

Prefoldin 2
a subunit of abmolecular chaperone complex - regulates tubulin function in mitosis -
regulates neuroblast polarity in larval brains

preli-like
conserved transmembrane mitochondrial protein that regulates mitochondrial activity - important for growth and integrity of dendritic branches

Pre-mRNA cleavage complex 2 protein Pcf11
forms a bridge between the RNA polymerase C-terminal domain and RNA- dismantles elongation
complexes by a C-terminal domain-dependent but nucleotide-independent mechanism

pre-mRNA processing factor 40
splice factor - regulates histone mRNA expression by modulating transcription - constituent of histone locus body, a chromatin-associated
nuclear body that associates with replication-dependent histone gene clusters - regulates alternative splicing of Neurexin IV

Presenilin
transmembrane protein involved in proteolysis of Notch - also processes βAPP - Presenilin and Nicastrin
are essential components of γ-secretase, a multi-subunit protease that cleaves Type I transmembrane proteins

pretaporter
transmembrane protein - a ligand for the engulfment receptor Draper. It resides in the endoplasmic reticulum. During apoptosis it is
exposed at the cell surface where it binds the product of Drpr to induce phagocytosis - RNA-binding protein FMRP binds pretaporter (Prtp)
and amyloid precursor protein-like (APPL) signals directing this glial clearance - transmembrane protein trafficked from the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the cell surface of a neuron thus marked for removal, where it binds the Drpr engulfment receptor on glia

prickle
LIM domain protein - a tissue polarity protein - in the Dachsous-Fat system, Dachsous and Dachs,
each independently interacts with the Spiny-legs isoform of Prickle and direct Spiny-legs localization in vivo

proboscipedia
transcription factor - homeodomain - Antp class - required for the formation of labial and
maxillary palps - represses leg development in proboscis
there is a non-cell autonomous requirement of Proboscipedia for growth and differentiation of the distal maxillary palp during metamorphosis

Proliferating cell nuclear antigen
Polymerase-delta/epsilon processivity factor - a sliding clamp that encircles DNA and tethers the DNA polymerase catalytic unit
to the DNA template - Enok acetyltransferase complex interacts with Elg1 and negatively regulates PCNA unloading to promote the G1/S transition

prominin (common alternative name: eyes closed)
a fly homolog of p47, a protein co-factor of the p97 ATPase involved in membrane fusion - mutation results in a lethal failure
of nuclear envelope assembly in early zygotic divisions and results in defective photoreceptor morphogenesis - evolutionary conserved five transmembrane protein

prospero
transcription factor - novel homeodomain - represses neuroblast cell fate and cell cycle proliferation
genes - initiates development of gangleon mother cell fate - asymmetrically localized to the basal cortex during neuroblast asymmetric
cell division, resulting in its partioning into GMC daughter cells, where it translocates into the nucleus

Protein kinase, cAMP-dependent, catalytic subunit 1 (common alternative name: cAMP-dependent protein kinase 1)
catalytic subunit of PKA - involved in Hedgehog signaling pathway and functions in learning in the adult - contributes
to axis specification, rhythmic behavior and synaptic transmission

Protein Kinase C
serine/threonine kinase, diacylglycerol binding protein - flies expressing a PKC pseudosubstrate show an alteration in performance in courtship conditioning;
they fail to show immediate suppression of courtship, a trait exhibited by normal flies
IKK inhibits PKC to promote Fascin-dependent actin bundling

atypical protein kinase C
kinase regulating asymmetric cell division - member of the conserved Par complex (aPKC/baz/par-6) that is asymmetrically localized to the
apical cortex, where it phosphorylates and thus excludes the basal determinants Mira and Numb - involved in neuroblast proliferation and self-renewal.

Protein 1 of cleavage and polyadenylation factor 1
RNA binding motif protein - dismantles elongation complexes by a RNA Polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD) dependent mechanism
- forms a bridge between the CTD and RNA

Protein phosphatase 2A at 85F (preferred name: twins)
B subunit of PP2A - four independent defects have been associated with mutant PP2A; defective mitosis, defective cell fate determination in the PNS,
alteration of patterning in the wing, and interferance in Ras pathway function in eye morphogenesis

Protein phosphatase 2B at 14D (alternative name: Calcineurin)
Calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase - negatively regulates Egf receptor signaling - calcineurin isoforms are
involved in Drosophila toll immune signaling correcting calcineurin and GSK-3β signaling can prevent amyloid precursor protein-induced pathologies

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 4E
broadly expressed type III receptor tyrosine phosphatase closely related to Ptp10D - shows synthetic phenotypes with other Pdps - Ptp4E single
mutants have no known phenotypes. However, Ptp4E-Ptp10D double mutants have
lethal respiratory defects - Ptp4E regulates signaling through the Egfr, Btl and Pvr receptor tyrosine kinases

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 10D
receptor tyrosine phosphatase - required for embryonic and larval axon guidance - along with Ptp69D regulates segregation
of the young axons into a single core bundle in the larval mushroom body - mutants are defective in long-term memory formation - Ptp10D-Ptp69D double
mutants have a strong phenotype in which embryonic CNS axons abnormally cross the ventral midline

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 52F
transmembrane protein tyrosine phosphatase - regulates destruction of larval midgut,
larva-pupa transition, metamorphosis and axon guidance - regulates Tartan signaling in embryonic SNa motor neurons

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 69D
receptor tyrosine phosphatase involved in axon guidance - Ptp10D-Ptp69D
double mutants have a strong phenotype in which embryonic CNS axons abnormally cross the ventral midline - Ptp69D physically
and genetically interacts with Dscam1 to regulate arborization of mechanosensory neurons

Protein tyrosine phosphatase Meg
protein tyrosine phosphatase involved in neuronal circuit formation the central brain - regulates establishment
and the stabilization of axonal projection patterns interacts with Eps-15 - negatively regulates border cell
migration during oogenesis - inhibits the EGFR/Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway during wing morphogenesis

Prothoracicotropic hormone
neuropeptide that regulates ecdysone production that in turn developmental timing cue involved in promoting larval development and eclosion - signals
through Torso/RAS/Erk pathway - modulates larval light avoidance independently of ecdysone

PR/SET domain containing protein 7
Set domain protein - methyltransferase that targets Histone H4 - helps maintain silent chromatin by a histone modification
that precludes neighboring acetylation of the H4 tail

PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (commonly known as Pink1)
promotes mitochondrial fragmentation by targeting core components of the mitochondrial morphogenesis
machinery for ubiquitination - negatively regulates mitochondrial fusion - a fruitfly model for Parkinson's disease

P32
multifunctional signaling protein involved in neurotransmitter release, a mitochondrial protein and a chromatin protein
functioning as a protamine chaperone in nucleosome assembly during sperm chromatin remodeling

Ptx1
paired-like homeobox transcription factor -defines enteroendocrine cells (EEs) in the intestinal epithelium - functions in the midgut in global and
regional interstitial stem cell regulation - regulates development of early mesoderm< - differentiates posterior from anterior lateral mesoderm

puckered
dual specificity phosphatase KH-1 subfamily JNK specific phosphatase - mediates
a feedback loop that regulates the Jun-N-terminal kinase pathway - functions in dorsal closure

puffyeye
a ubiquitin-specific protease that regulates Myc levels and function - regulates both the ubiquitin ligase Archipelago and its cell cycle substrate Cyclin E

pumilio
novel posterior group gene - posttranscriptional repressor - binds and regulates Hunchback mRNA - Nanos
acts as a molecular clamp that modulates the RNA-binding and repression activities of Pumilio

pumpless
glycine cleavage system H protein - involved in appetite control

punt
receptor for Dpp - type II TGFß receptor - functions in both Dpp/BMP and Activin signaling - punt mutants lack Ultrabithorax and dpp expression
in the visceral mesoderm and fail to induce labial in the adjacent endodermal cells - pathway specificity
in signaling output is determined by which type I receptor (Dpp/BMP or Activin one) is engaged in the complex with Put

Putative Achaete Scute Target 1
EF-Hand 1, calcium-binding site - Dynamin superfamily - P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase - plasma membrane protein that genetically interacts with Notch - contributes
to endocytosis and differentiation of photoreceptors R1/R6/R7 and cone cells - required for assembly of the subsynaptic muscle membrane reticulum at the neuromuscular junction

putzig
zinc finger transcription factor that acts as key regulator of cell proliferation and as a positive of Notch target genes -
physically interacts with DREF and TRF2 to activate replication-related genes

PvuII-PstI homology 13
homeodomain transcription expressed in the developing eye - required for rhabdomere morphogenesis and proper detection of light

pygopus
nuclear PHD-finger protein - a core component of the Wingless signaling pathway that acts downstream of or at
the level of Pangolin - a complex of Armadillo, Legless, and Pygopus coactivates dTCF to activate Wingless target genes

pyramus and thisbe
FGF-8 related involved in mesodermal development - ligands for Heartless - promote pathfinding, substrate adhesion, and survival of migrating longitudinal gut muscle founder cells

Q

quick-to-court
an alpha-helical coiled-coiled protein - mutants exhibit altered male courtship behavior

quiver (common alternative name: sleepless)
an Ly-6/Neurotoxin family member - a novel potassium channel subunit that regulates levels, localization, and activity of Shaker - regulates sleep

R
Rab1
controls membrane trafficking and contractile ring constriction during cytokinesis - regulates ER-to-Golgi transport - essential
for dendrite pruning of ddaC neurons - promotes endocytosis and downregulation of the cell-adhesion molecule
Neuroglian and thereby dendrite pruning - controls material delivery from Golgi to the plasma membrane

Rab2
Rab family GTPase - autophagic clearance - endocytic lysosomal degradation - regulation of neuromuscular junction organization through the Rab2 effector ICA69

Rab7
a small GTPase that acts downstream of Rab 5 to facilitates endosome maturation and fusion with lysosomes -
required for autophagosome-lysosome fusion - regulates synaptic development

Rab23
Ras-like ATPase, vesicular protein, regulates planar cellular polarity, cuticular hair, contributes to inhibition
of hair formation at positions outside of the distal vertex of cells

Rab35
tissue polarity, an essential component of the contractile process that functions as a membrane ratchet to ensure unidirectional movement of intercalating
cells - gastrulation - mesoderm invagination - Whacked and Rab35 polarize dynein-motor-complex-dependent seamless tube growth
during tracheal development - Skywalker facilitates endosomal trafficking of synaptic vesicles at NMJ boutons by controlling Rab35 activity

Rabenosyn-5
required for endocytosis - a Rab5 effector that bridges an interaction between Rab5 and the Sec1/Munc18-family protein Vps45 -
required for vesicle fusion to form early endosomes

Rab3 interacting molecule
evolutionarily conserved scaffolding protein - located at presynaptic active zones - presynaptic
homeostasis - plays a critical role for the active zone cytomatrix as a substrate for synaptic plasticity

Rab-protein 3
Rab family GTPase necessary for the induction and expression of synaptic homeostasis - dynamically controls
the composition of the presynaptic release machinery

Rab-protein 4
Rab family GTPase endosomal recycling at synapses - maintains gap junctions upon elevated insulin in cultured human cells and in flies - wingless signaling - Pkaap regulates
Rab4/Rab11-dependent traffic and Rab11 exocytosis of innate immune cargo - epithelial morphogenesis of leg discs

Rab-protein 5
Rab family GTPase - required for fusion of endocytic vesicles with endosomes - required for endocytosis of vesicles at the synapse -
required for tracheal maturation - regulates JAK/STAT activity, functions in endosomal transport to promotes wingless signaling -
promotes F-actin reorganization in oogenesis

Rab-protein 6
small GTPase required for membrane trafficking - required for organization and growth of the egg chamber and the polarization of the microtubule cytoskeleton and
localization of oskar mRNA - involved in trafficking Notch protein during bristle development and rhodopsin the the eye

Rab-protein 11
Rab family GTPase - required in endocytic recycling and in the organization of posterior membrane compartments during oogenesis -
functions in membrane trafficking during furrow formation during cellularization -
functions in post-Golgi transport of rhodopsin to the rhabdomeric membranes of photoreceptors, and in analogous transport processes in other cells

Rac1
GTPase of the Ras superfamily - regulates cytoskeletal dynamics - controls epithelial tube length through the apical secretion
and polarity pathways - Drk/Dos/Sos converge with Crk/Mbc/dCed-12 to activate Rac1 during glial engulfment of
axonal debris - Rac1 acts downstream of integrin to control collective migration and lumen size in the Drosophila salivary gland

RacGAP50C (preferred name: Tumbleweed)
cytoskeletal regulator required for cytokinesis - connects the contractile ring to cortical microtubules at the site of furrowing in dividing cells -
negatively regulates the wingless pathway during Drosophila embryonic development - required for neuroblast proliferation and limits axon growth

Rad21 (preferred name: verthandi)
constituent of the cohesin complex, functions in chromosome cohesion, spindle morphology, dynamics of a chromosome passenger protein,
and stability of the cohesin complex

Rad51-like (Preferred name: Spindle A)
checkpoint protein essential for recombinational repair of double-stranded DNA breaks (DSBs) in somatic cells and during
meiosis in germ cells - forms a filament on single-stranded DNA, does a homology search of double-stranded DNA, and
catalyzes strand exchange, swapping the single-strand DNA in and displacing the partner of the complementary strand.

Rad, Gem/Kir family member 1
small GTPase - intermediate-term memory generated after single cycle conditioning is divided into anesthesia-sensitive
memory and anesthesia-resistant memory - expressed in the mushroom body - physically interacts with cacaphony

radish
rapidly evolving gene encoding a protein that contains multiple phosphorylation sites - required for anaesthesia resistent memory - can influence memory
performance from minutes to hours after training - the Radish memory component does not scale with the stability of a memory trace

Raf oncogene
serine/threonine-protein kinase - an effector of Ras - directs the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway to regulate cell
proliferation, differentiation and survival downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases such as Torso, Epidermal growth factor receptor, and Sevenless.

Ral (preferred name: Ras-related protein)
Ras-like GTPase - counters apoptotic programs to support cell fate determination by acting as a negative regulator of JNK activity
and a positive activator of p38 MAP kinase

Ran
Ran GTPase activity required nucleo-cytoplasmic transport - also required for microtubule organization during mitosis
and for alignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate

rapamycin-insensitive companion of Tor (common alternative name: rictor)
component of TORC2 complex - regulation of cell growth, heat stress response, synaptic growth, dendritic tiling and consolidation of long-term memory

Rap1 GTPase (common alternative names: Roughened and Dras3)
Ras-like GTPase - establishes of cell polarity by regulation of columnar cell shape - controls epithelial invagination via α-Catenin -
regulates cell morphology within the developing wing epithelium - regulates radial movement of mesodermal cells during
monolayer formation - regulates adhesive contacts necessary for maintenance of Egfr signaling between cells and differentiation of wing veins and photoreceptors

raptor
component of the TORC1 complex that includes Tor and LST8 - Hdc and Unk bind to the TORC1 component Raptor and preferentially regulate Tor
phosphorylation of S6k in a TORC1-dependent manner - regulates controls cell growth, proliferation, and metabolism

Ras oncogene at 85D (common alternative name: Ras1)
ras homolog - establishes follicular cell fate during oogenesis, functions in Torso signal transduction, functions downstream EGF-R in the establishment
of ventral ectoderm fate, functions downstream of Breathless in tracheal and midline glia migration, functions downstream of FGF receptor
in muscle precursors and in the central nervous system, functions downstream of the EGF-R and Sevenless in differentiation in photoreceptors

rasputin
component of stress granules - interacts with several protein partners under both stress and non-stress conditions including Caprin, FMR1 and
Lingerer - Sec16, a component of the endoplasmic reticulum exit site, is a Rasputin interactor and stabilizer - a positive regulator
of orb in oogenesis - FMR1, Rasputin and Caprin act together with the UBA protein Lingerer to restrict tissue growth

Ras-related GTP binding A/B and Ras-related GTP binding C/D
RagA-B forms a heterodimer with the product of RagC-D. The heterodimer localizes on the lysosome surface and functions to relay amino acid
signals to activate the product of Tor by recruiting it to the lysosome were TOR is activated by Rheb - regulation of cell growth - insulin pathway

Ras-related protein
Ras-like GTPase - counters apoptotic programs to support cell fate determination by acting as a negative regulator of JNK activity
and a positive activator of p38 MAP kinase

rasp (common alternative names: Sightless and Skinny hedgehog)
acetyltransferase - adds an essential N-terminal palmitate modifications to the secreted signaling domains of Hedgehog and Spitz - Spi
modification appears to increase the local concentration of the ligand by restricting its diffusion

raw
a novel gene product required to limit AP-1 activity to leading edge epidermal cells during embryonic dorsal closure

Rbfox (preferred name: Ataxin-2 binding protein 1)
RNA-binding protein - homolog of an autism-susceptibility gene - targets pumilio mRNA for destabilization
and translational silencing, thereby promoting germ cell development, oogenesis

reaper
pro-apoptotic Reaper, Hid, Grim (RHG) protein - contributes to the caspase dependent apoptosis by inhibiting the
anti-apoptotic Death-associated inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (Diap1) protein

Regulator of cyclin A1
a novel signaling protein that prevents cyclin degredation in G2 by interacting with Fizzy-related - inhibits Fizzy-related's activation of
protein degradation machinery - mutants exhibit premature cyclin destruction

recombination-defective
mini-chromosome maintenance (MCM) family protein - facilitates repair synthesis during meiotic recombination

refractory to sigma P
adaptor protein for delivering cargo marked by polyubiquitin to autophagosomes - homolog of the sequestosome marker SQSTM1/p62 - together
with Dachs, continuously downregulated by autophagy in enterocytes, ensuring gut homeostasis in the non-infected state - a component of the
lysosomal-autophagic compartment - a chaperone that regulates tau solubility thereby preventing tau aggregation

Relish
Ankyrin-repeat and NFkappaB domain protein - a key factor in the induction of the humoral immune response in
Drosophila, including antibacterial as well as antifungal factors - Relish acts in the IMD pathway

Repressed by TOR (common alternative name: REPTOR)
Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) domain transcription factor - together with its binding partner encoded by REPTOR-BP, mediates much of the transcriptional response
observed upon Tor complex 1 inhibition - plays critical roles in maintaining energy homeostasis and promoting animal survival upon nutrient restriction

Reptin
member of AAA+ family of ATPases - DNA helicase - participates in epigenetic processes
leading to a repressive chromatin state as part of the TIP60 HAT complex

Resistant to dieldrin
GABA-A receptor that negatively modulates olfactory associative learning, possibly by gating the input of olfactory information
into the mushroom bodies - regulates the length of time required to fall asleep

Resistance to Juvenile Hormone (common alternative name Methoprene-tolerant)
bHLH-Pas domain transcription factor - involved in juvenile hormone (JH) action as
a likely component of a JH receptor

Reticulon-like1
a reticulon family member, with intramembrane hairpin domains that insert into the cytosolic face of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
thereby curving it and promoting ER tubule formation - enriched on tubular ER, including axons and egg chamber fusomes - high level
leads to ER fragmentation - microtubule cytoskeleton is involved in Rtnl1 localization to spindles during mitosis

Ret oncogene
regulates dendrite patterning, adhesion and stability - rescues mitochondrial morphology and muscle degeneration of Pink1 mutants

retina aberrant in pattern (common alternative names: retained, dead ringer)
transcription factor - ARID domain protein - required for proper patterning of the abdomen - necessary
for neuronal pathfinding, female receptivity and repression of fruitless independent male courtship behaviors.

Retinal Homeobox
homeodomain transcription factor - required for regulation of genes involved in brain morphogenesis -
promotes cell growth, proliferation and survival of mushroom body neuroblasts in the brain

Retinoblastoma-family protein
cell cycle regulator - interacts with and negatively regulates members of a family of factors called E2Fs, which serve to activate transcription of genes
required for entry into S phase - forms the DREAM complex, which regulates cell cycle regulators, apoptosis regulators, and DNA replication/repair
factors - binds chromosomal proteins and modulates genome stability - negatively regulated by CycE-Cdk2 and CycD-Cdk4 cyclin-dependent kinase complexes

Retinoblastoma-family protein 2
cell cycle and developmental regulator - functions in concert with E2F2 to repress the expression of differentiation markers
in ovaries and embryos where RBF2 is highly expressed

Retinoid- and fatty acid-binding glycoprotein (preferred name: apolipophorin)
Lipophorin - bears lipid-linked morphogens on its surface - required for long-range signaling activity of Wingless and Hedgehog - lipophorin
receptors recruit the lipoprotein Lipid Transfer Particle (LTP) to the plasma membrane to mediate lipid uptake

reversed polarity
transcription factor - homeodomain - required for aspects of glial differentiation - a direct target of the pan-glial fate determinant gcm

Rfx
transcription factor - RFX DNA-binding domain - essential regulator of ciliated sensory neuron differentiation - Forkhead transcription
factor Fd3F cooperates with Rfx to regulate a gene expression program for mechanosensory cilia specialization.

rhea (alternative name: Talin)
essential for integrin function - crosslinks extracellular matrix-linked integrins to the cytoskeleton - represses
E-cadherin Shotgun transcription in follicle cells independently of integrins

Rheb
Ras superfamily of G-proteins - functions downstream of the tumor suppressors Tsc1 and Tsc2 (Gigas in Drosophila), with Tsc2 functioning as a GAP for Rheb -
signals to the growth regulator known as Target of rapamycin (TOR)

rhino
HP1 homolog - required for nuage organization, transposon silencing, and ping-pong amplification of Piwi-interacting RNAs

Rho GTPase activating protein at 19D
the only high-probability Cdc42GAP required for polarity in the follicular epithelium - recruited by α-catenin to lateral
E-cadherin adhesion complexes, resulting in exclusion of active Cdc42 from the lateral domain - couples lateral cadherin adhesion to
the apical localization of active Cdc42, thereby suppressing epithelial invasion - controls Rac and Rho GTPases during the
dorsal closure and genetically regulates the elmo-mbc complex - RhoGAP19D-depleted embryos displayed complex epidermal cell phenotypes
(a fragmented actomyosin cable, bimodal leading-edge tensions, transient Rac and lamellipodia states, and cadherin height defects)

Rho1
rho-subfamily GTPase - a molecular switch and functions as key regulator of the actin cytoskeleton in concert with DRhoGEF2, Rho1 mediates specific
cell shape changes during gastrulation in response to the extracellular ligand, Folded gastrulation - plays a central role
in actin cytoskeleton organization, microtubule dynamics, mophogenesis, border cell migration, cytokinesis, and wound repair

rho-associated kinase
Rho-kinase - plays a role in planar cell polarity - required for tissue morphogenesis in diverse compartments of the egg chamber during
oogenesis - directs Bazooka/Par-3 planar polarity during Drosophila axis elongation

RhoGAP
part of an axon retraction pathway from Rho to myosin in mature neurons - inactivation of RhoGAP leads to axon retraction

RhoGEF2
induces contractile cell shape changes by stimulating myosin II via the Rho1 pathway - location
at the actin cortex regulated by interaction with the microtubule plus-end tracking protein EB1

Rho GTPase activating protein at 100F (common alternative name: Syd-1)
master organizer of active zone assembly, regulates pre- and postsynaptic maturation, neuromuscular junction

rhomboid
serine protease - transmembrane protein involved with Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling - required for the production or processing of Spitz, the Egfr ligand

rhomboid-2 (also known as stem cell tumor)
Rhomboid-related transmembrane protein - serine-type protease - activates the oocyte-specific Gurken ligand and
thereby participate in defining posterior cell fates in the early follicular epithelium

rhomboid-7
transmembrane mitochondrial protease required for spermatogenesis and muscle maturation

rho-type guanine exchange factor
RhoGEF - homolog of mammalian Pix - regulates postsynaptic structure and protein localization at the glutamatergic neuromuscular junction

ribbon
BTB/POZ domain transcription factor - a regulator of epithelial morphogenesis that promotes cell migration - regulates
morphogenesis of the embryonic salivary gland through transcriptional activation and repression

Ribosomal protein S6 kinase
signaling - regulates growth response - targets ribosomal protein S6 - a target of the TOR pathway - essential for Myc-dependent rDNA transcription

Ribosomal protein S6 kinase II (common alternative name: dRSK)
negatively regulates ERK-mediated developmental processes and gene expressions by blocking the nuclear localization
of ERK - functions as a downstream effector and regulator of the MAP kinase pathway - involved in MAP kinase regulated
developmental processes, organization of the neuromuscular junction and adult behavior including circadian rhythm and learning.

ric8a
guanine nucleotide-exchange factor - regulates Gαi cortical localization to promote Gαi-dependent planar orientation of the mitotic spindle
during asymmetric cell division - regulates cortical tension during gastrulation -
essential for plasma-membrane localization of heterotrimeric G proteins

rickets
G-protein coupled receptor expressed in the CNS and muscle - required for wing expansion, cuticle hardening and melanization

rictor (preferred name: rapamycin-insensitive companion of Tor)
component of TORC2 complex - regulation of cell growth, heat stress response, synaptic growth, dendritic tiling and consolidation of long-term memory

RIM-binding protein
presynaptic scaffolding protein - neuromuscular junction - essential for the integrity of the synaptic active zone scaffold and for exocytotic neurotransmitter release

ringmaker
PNS, maintains microtubule stability/dynamics with the microtubule-associated protein Futsch - splice factor Rtca suppresses Xbp1
via nonconventional mRNA splicing, which in turn reduces ringer expression to inhibit axon
regeneration - lies downstream from and is negatively regulated by the microtubule-associated deacetylase HDAC6

ripped pocket amiloride-sensitive sodium channel - reduces depolarization and Hh signal transduction in the wing disc - ovaries - blocking
Ripped pocket leads to defects in force generation during dorsal closure via failure of actomyosin structures - functions
in the PNS to regulate behavioral responses to touch and in the formation of the actin-rich sensory filopodia

Rm62
DEAD box helicase - involved in generation of precursor-miRNA, double-stranded RNA-mediated silencing, heterochromatin formation,
resilencing of active transcription, maintenance of homeotic genes and antiviral immunity

RNA on the X-1
X chomosome associated RNA - chromatin associated non-translated RNA involved in dosage compensation - ectopically
expressed roX1 and roX2 RNAs target high-affinity sites on the X chromosome in trans and, via spatial proximity, induce spreading of the MSL
complex in cis, leading to increased expression of neighboring autosomal genes - The MSL complex regulates nucleosome positioning at
high-affinity sites, therefore acting locally rather than influencing the overall chromosomal architecture.

RNA on the X 2
non-coding RNA - dosage compensation - activation of male specific lethal proteins - Upstream of N-Ras is a conserved
RNA-binding protein that promotes the targeting of the activating male-specific-lethal complex to the X-chromosome
by facilitating the interaction of two crucial subunits: the RNA helicase MLE and the long non-coding RNA roX2.

RNA polymerase II 215kD subunit
large subunit of the enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a complementary strand of RNA from a DNA template - context-dependent
conformational switches and biased dephosphorylation suggest a mechanism for the selective recruitment of
cis-proline-specific regulatory factors and region-specific modulation of the C-terminal domain code that may augment gene regulation

RNA polymerase II elongation factor (TfIIS)
critical for efficient release of stalled RNA Pol II from intrinsic stop sites in promoter regions -
promotes transcriptional elongation and decreases pausing

roadkill
a member of a conserved family of proteins that serve as substrate adaptors for Cullin3-mediated ubiquitylation -
regulates Cubitus interruptus levels by targeting it for degradation

robo2 (preferred name: leak)
transmembrane receptor - regulates heart cell and tracheal branch migration and axon guidance -
acts in trans to inhibit Slit-Robo1 repulsion in pre-crossing commissural axons

rogdi
leucine zipper factor - sleep-promoting factor - supports a subset of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transmission - GABAergic control of dopaminergic signaling

rolled (common alternative name: MAP kinase or ERKA)
Component of Epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway - involved in establishment of the dorsoventral polarity of the egg shell and the embryo -
acts in specification of terminal structures immediately after fertilization - Gain-of-function mutants produce extra R7 photoreceptors and extra wing veins

rolling pebbles
RING-finger motif, ankyrin repeat and TR repeat protein - a signaling protein that interacts with the cytoplasmic domain of Dumbfounded and with Myoblast city -
functions to integrate initial myoblast fusion with myotube structural organization

Rootletin
structural component of base of cilia - organizes rootlets at the base of primary cilia in sensory neurons - essential for
sensory neuron functions, including negative geotaxis, taste, touch response, and hearing - rootlet assembly requires centrioles

Ror
Ror proteins are ROR proteins are a class of Wnt-binding receptor tyrosine kinases - expressed during neural differentiation -
promotes dendrite regeneration as part of a Wnt signaling pathway that regulates dendritic microtubule nucleation

rotund
transcription factor - Kruppel zinc finger family member - required for proper imaginal disc development - functions
as an olfactory neuron specification factor required for diversification of multiple developmental lineages - rotund
mutants are defective for multiple distal structures in the adult, including smaller legs, wings and eyes

rough
transcription factor - homeodomain - plays a critical role in restriction of the number of photoreceptor precursors in the
specification of R8 photoreceptors - a bistable loop between senseless and rough locks in R8 fate

Roughened (preferred name: Rap1 GTPase)
Ras-like GTPase - establishes of cell polarity by regulation of columnar cell shape - controls epithelial invagination via α-Catenin -
regulates cell morphology within the developing wing epithelium - regulates radial movement of mesodermal cells during
monolayer formation - regulates adhesive contacts necessary for maintenance of Egfr signaling between cells and differentiation of wing veins and photoreceptors

roughest
Ig-C2-type-domain protein - transmembrane - required in at least three independent events in eye development and axon guidance - The adhesion
molecules Roughest, Hibris, Kin of Irre and Sticks and Stones are required for long range spacing of the Drosophila wing disc sensory sensilla

roughex
novel regulator of cell cycle - a cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor that specifically inhibits Cdk1-CycA - required to inhibit Cdk1-CycA kinase activity
during metaphase, thereby facilitating the transition to anaphase

roughoid
intra-membrane serine protease localized in the endoplasmic reticulum - Rhomboid and Roughoid/Rhomboid-3 act
together on an unknown Egf to control cell recruitment through the Epidermal growth factor receptor most notably the eye

roundabout
Ig and Fn repeats protein - a repulsive guidance receptor on growth cones that binds to Slit - Slit binding via the Ig1
domain is essential for midline repulsion by Drosophila Robo1 but dispensable for receptor expression, localization, and regulation

roundabout 2 (common alternative name: leak)
transmembrane receptor that regulates axon guidance and heart cell and tracheal branch migration

Rpd3 (accepted Flybase name: Histone deacetylase 1)
histone deacetylase functioning in gene silencing - interacts with Groucho - required for starvation stress
resistance - interacts with insulin signaling in Drosophila longevity extension

RPS6-p70-protein kinase (common alternative name: S6k)
signaling - regulates growth response - targets ribosomal protein S6 - a target of the TOR pathway - S6 kinase is essential for
MYC-dependent rDNA transcription - Insulin and TOR signal in parallel through FOXO and S6K to promote epithelial wound healing

Rtf1
functions as part of a protein complex in the monoubiquitination of histone H2B and the consequent methylation of
histone H3 - functions in Notch signaling - a transcription elongation factor that acts downstream
of Ubc6 and Bre1 in regulating the histone modification activity of the Set1/COMPASS complex

r2d2
double-stranded RNA-binding protein - bridges the initiation and effector steps of the Drosophila RNAi pathway
by facilitating siRNA passage from Dicer, which carrys out the initiation step, to RISC, which carrys out the effector step

rugose
protein kinase A anchor protein - required for correct retinal pattern formation through its interactions with Egfr
and Notch pathways - mutants of the autism candidate gene neurobeachin (rugose) exhibit neuro-developmental
disorders, aberrant synaptic properties, altered locomotion, impaired adult social behavior and activity patterns

runt
transcription factor - novel - pair rule gene - contributes to neuroblast cell identity - identities of medulla neurons
of the optic lobe are pre-determined in the larval medulla primordium, which is subdivided into concentric
zones characterized by the expression of four transcription factors: Drifter, Runt, Homothorax and Brain-specific homeobox

rutabaga
membrane-bound Ca2+/calmodulin-activated adenylyl cyclase - a crucial memory pathway protein - responsible for synthesis
of cAMP - plays a key role in regulating behavioral, neuroanatomical, and electrophysiological plasticity

Ryanodine receptor 44F
Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release channel located in presynaptic endoplasmic reticulum membranes -
sustains vesicular mobilization thus enhancing release of transmitters and neuropeptides


Genes A-D -- Genes E-K-- Genes S-Z

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