Drosophila Genes

Drosophila genes listed by biochemical function

Miscellaneous proteins and RNAs

abnormal spindle

microtubule binding protein - required for the integrity of microtubule organizing centers - may organize microtubules during cytokinesis

adrift

novel protein involved in tracheal branching

Ajuba LIM protein

Adherens junction protein - an upstream regulator of Hippo signaling that functions as a sensor of epithelial integrity - a negative regulator

of Warts within the Hippo pathway - Jub localization to adherens junctions and its association with alpha-catenin

are promoted by cytoskeletal tension - recruits Warts to junctions in a tension-dependent manner

A kinase anchor protein 200

Involved in Protein kinase A localization - PKA in turn regulates the function of specialized actin structures during oogenesis

α actinin

actin filament crosslinking protein that regulates cell adhesion and motility

α-Catenin

an essential physical linker, acting at the adherins junction, between the cadherin-β-catenin complex and the actin cytoskeleton

ALG-2 interacting protein X

adaptor protein - intracellular protein trafficking - regulates mitotic spindle orientation - forms a complex with Shrub - required

for completion of cytokinetic abscission during asymmetric germline stem cell division - associates with the ESCRT machinery

assisting with cargo recruitment and intraluminal vesicle formation in multivesicular bodies

anastral spindle 1

centriole-to-centrosome conversion requires sequential loading of Cep135, Ana1 and Asterless onto daughter centrioles during mitotic progression

in both Drosophila and human - Ana1 helps to recruit Polo to mother centrioles in Drosophila. If recruitment is impaired, mother centrioles can still

duplicate, disengage from their daughters and form functional cilia, but they can no longer efficiently assemble mitotic PCM or elongate during G2.

anastral spindle 3

a member of the pericentriolar matrix proteins, a key component of centriolar cohesion and basal body

formation - actively promotes cell survival - stabilize Sol naraes for cell survival and proliferation - responds

to irradiation at the front line - During centriole biogenesis, Ana3 and Rcd4 are sequentially loaded on the newly

formed centriole and are required for centriole-to-centrosome conversion through recruiting the Cep135-Ana1-Asterless complex

anillin (preferred name: scraps)

conserved component of the contractile ring that is essential for cytokinesis - physically interacts

with three conserved cleavage furrow proteins, F-actin, myosin II and septins - required for cellularization

Ankyrin 2

a membrane-cytoskeleton linker - a target of G-protein signaling required for neuromuscular

junction formation - regulation of presynaptic microtubules and transsynaptic cell adhesion

APP-like protein interacting protein 1

JNK scaffolding scaffolding protein that is part of motor-cargo linkage complexes for both kinesin-1 and dynein - acts downstream of the JNK pathway

to affect axonal transport - binds APP family proteins

arc

PDZ domain protein

asterless

coiled-coil protein - component of pancentriole and basal body - involved in stabilization/maintenance of pericentriolar material at the centrosome

Ataxin 7

a subunit of SAGA chromatin remodeling complex - anchors Non-stop, a deubiquitinase, to the complex - Non-stop, dissociated

from Atxn7, interacts with Arp2/3 and WAVE regulatory complexes (WRC), which control actin - cytoskeleton assembly - Loss of

Ataxin-7 reduces H2B ubiquitination and leads to neural and retinal degeneration - expandable poly(Q) region close to the

N-terminus - mammalian homolog contributes crucially to spinocerebellar ataxia pathogenesis by the induction of intranuclear inclusion bodies

Autophagy-related 2

a component of the Vps34 lipid kinase complex that is required for the formation of PI3P - functions in vesicle

trafficking including autophagy and endocytosis - involved in stress, metabolic and immune signaling

pathways - binds to Rab18 - promotes niche occupancy by bam mutant stem cells - Zonda, an Atg6

interactor, is critically required for starvation-induced autophagy - UVRAG interacts with Atg6 and together

they promote autophagy - required for endolysosomal degradation and epithelial polarity during wing development

Axud1

conserved phospho-acceptor site for acidophilic serine/threonine kinases domain protein -

cysteine- serine-rich nuclear protein - tumor suppressor that regulates proliferation of imaginal cells

axundead

BACK (BTB and C-terminal Kelch) domain protein - a mediator of axon death - axed mutants suppress axon death - acts in glia

downstream of sarm - pro-degenerative pathways activated by Sarm signaling or Nmnat elimination ultimately

converge on Axed - possibly involved in recruitment of substrates to Cullin Ring Ubiquitin Ligase complexes

bag of marbles

novel protein involved in oogenesis and spermatogenesis - functions as a translational repressor by interfering with translation initiation

bazooka

PDZ domain protein involved in cell polarity and asymmetric cell division

bereft

potentially an untranslated RNA - mutants exhibit defects in the peripheral nervous system

Bicaudal-D

alpha helical coiled coiled protein that interacts with the cytoskeleton

bifocal

codes for a novel protein that interacts with f-actin - functions downstream of misshapen to reorganize the actin cytoskeleton

big brain

aquaporin - MIP family signature

blistery

tensin homolog - at focal adhesion sites participates in a protein complex that establishes transmembrane linkage

between the extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal actin filaments

blown fuse

a cytoplasmic protein essential for somatic myoblast fusion - functions in stretching and outgrowth of circular visceral muscles

BM-40-SPARC (common alternative name: Sparc)

basement membrane component required for basal lamina maturation and condensation of the ventral nerve cord

bruchpilot

cytoskeletal protein critical for intact presynaptic active zone structure and normal-evoked neurotransmitter release at chemical synapses -

establishes proximity between Ca2+ channels and vesicles to allow efficient transmitter release and patterned synaptic plasticity

Calnexin 99A

binds Ca²⁺ - a chaperone that functions in the transition of proteins from the ER to the outer cellular membrane -

glycoprotein folding and quality control in the ER - molecular chaperone for Rh1 biosynthesis -

regulates cytosolic Ca²⁺ levels following activation of the light-sensitive TRP channels

canoe

glgf/dhr motif scaffolding protein

Cap-G

Armadillo-like helical HEAT domain protein - non-SMC subunit of the condensin complex -

responsible for ensuring that replicated chromosomes are condensed prior to metaphase

capping protein alpha & capping protein beta

regulates nonbundle actin filament assembly during bristle development - acts upstream of the Hippo pathway and functions as a tumor suppressor,

antagonized by Enabled, maintains epithelial integrity and prevents JNK-mediated apoptosis, functions in oocyte determination

cappuccino

Formin domain protein that interacts with Spire to facilitate actin filament capping and nucleation

caskin

a neuronal adaptor protein required for axon growth and guidance -

interacts physically and genetically with Lar receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase

Cdc42-interacting protein 4 & Nostrin

F-BAR proteins involved in regulation of membrane curvature and dynamics - regulation of dynamin-dependent endocytosis of E-cadherin

during oogenesis - Cip4 acts downstream of Cdc42 to activate the WASP-WAVE-Arp2/3 pathway in the notum and the wing epithelium -

Nostrin makes contact with microtubules through the kinesin Khc-73 for trafficking of recycling endosomes

Centrobin

a constituent of the daughter centriole - a key determinant of the orientation of cell division

Centrosomal protein 190kD

BTB/POZ domain and microtubule binding protein that alternatively serves as a chromatin insulator and as a component of centrioles -

involved in axial expansion, the spreading out along the anterior-to-posterior axis during syncytial development

centrosomin

cytoskeletal protein - important for assembly of mitotic spindles and spindle poles - Aurora-A regulates centrosome assembly by

controlling the CNN's ability to target and/or anchor γ-tubulin to the centrosome and organizing microtubule-nucleating sites

Cep135

scaffolding protein - assembly of microtubule based structures, centriole and flagella biogenesis

charybde and scylla

conserved proteins acting downstream of PKB and upstream of TSC to regulate growth - they are induced under hypoxic conditions,

thus establishing a potential cross-talk between growth and oxygen sensing

cheerio

a dimeric F-actin crosslinking protein - organizes the F-actin cytoskeleton in ovarian germline ring canals - functions in migrating somatic cells,

neuronal growth cones and larval neuromuscular junction - mechanosensor - a target of JNK signaling that links cytoskeleton dynamics to tumor progression

Chromator

chromodomain protein that contributes to the maintenance of polytene chromosome morphology -

a component of spindle matrix that contributes to microtubule spindle dynamics and proper chromosome segregation during mitosis

chromosome bows (common alternative names: Orbit and Mast)

microtubule-associated protein that plays an essential role facilitating the kinetochore-microtubule interaction -

maternially it facilitates multiple interactions of the fusome with mitotic spindles and ring canals -

zygotically it mediates the action of Slit and its receptors acting as a partner of the Abelson tyrosine kinase

Claspin

ATR-Chk1 checkpoint pathway - required for the cell cycle checkpoint induced at midblastula transition - required for initiation and efficient progression of the replication forks during DNA replication

Clathrin heavy chain

A basic component of the vesicle coat that is involved in many cellular processes including intracellular transport

of proteins and lipids, endocytosis of signaling proteins and released neurotransmitters. and exocytosis of secreted proteins -

Clathrin molecules assemble themselves into closed cages that capture the molecules to be transported,

then quickly disassemble once the contents are delivered

clift (common alternative name: eyes absent)

novel protein - eyes absent family - cell survival factor

clueless

novel protein required for normal mitochondrial function - negative regulator of the PINK1-Park pathway - associates with mitochondrial

outer membrane proteins, including Translocase of outer membrane 20 - works to promote damaged mitochondrial clearance

coiled

a secreted Ly domain adhesion protein required for septate junction formation and blood-brain barrier integrity - expressed in subperineurial glial

cells - attached to the surface membrane via a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor - mediates cell adhesive properties - expressed in trachea

comatose

developmentally regulated N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion (NSF) gene - required in disassembly

or rearrangement of the SNARE complex at the plasma membrane after vesicle fusion

Cp110

a conserved centriolar protein - controls centriole length & suppresses centriole overduplication

crinkled

bidirectional molecular motor that acts in concert with Wg targets to orchestrate the proper shaping of denticles

in the embryonic epidermis - necessary for auditory organ development

Cullin-3

Cullen acting in protein degradation - loss of function has pleiotropic effects during development,

including defects in external sensory organ development, pattern formation and cell growth and survival - targets Cubitus interruptus

Cyclin A

a G2-M phase cyclin - dimerization partner of cdc2 kinase

Cyclin B

a G2-M phase cyclin - dimerization partner of cdc2 kinase

Cyclin D

a G1-S phase cyclin

Cyclin E

a G1-S phase cyclin - dimerization partner of cdc2c kinase

Cytochrome c proximal and Cytochrome c distal

electron transport - caspase activation during apoptosis

dachs unconventional myosin motor domain protein - acts as an F-Actin-binding scaffolding protein - downstream component of a Fat

signaling pathway that influences growth, cell affinity and developmental gene expression

dachshund

transcriptional co-repressor

dally-like

membrane bound glypican related proteoglycan - required for Hedgehog signalling in the embryonic epidermis of Drosophila

dappled (preferred name: wech)

LIN-41 subclade multiple domain protein of unknown function - let-7 micro RNA regulated

debra

involved in the Hedgehog signaling pathway as a mediator of protein degradation by the lysosome -

required in a physiological, nondevelopmental aspect of long-term memory

Deterin (common alternative name: Survivin)

component of the chromosomal passenger complex that regulates chromosome condensation, interaction between kinetochores and microtubules, spindle organization, cytokinesis, and apoptosis

diaphanous

Formin homology domain protein required for cytokinesis

dilute class unconventional myosin (common alternative names: Didum and MyosinV)

a motor protein that mediates sensory neuron morphogenesisin - forms a complex with Rab11 and Rab11 interacting protein

that trafficks rhodopsin in the developing rhabdomere

Doublecortin-domain-containing echinoderm-microtubule-associated protein

microtubule-associated protein - required for the formation of mechanosensory organelles in the peripheral nervous system and in

turn fly mechanotransduction - plays dual roles by promoting the assembly/stabilization of the microtubules and

the accumulation of the electron dense materials in the mechanosensory organelles - Johnston's organ

discs large 1

Links septate junctions to cytoskeleton - Guanylate kinase signature and Src homology 3 domain

Discs large 5

MAGUK family scaffold protein - required for the maintenance of apical polarity of follicle epithelium during oogenesis

discs lost

conserved protein of unknown function - required for cell survival and cell cycle progression - implicated in modification of olfactory behavior

Dishevelled Associated Activator of Morphogenesis

Formin homology domain protein regulated by RhoA - functions upstream or parallel to Src42A

and Tec29 to organize the actin cytoskeleton and to determine the cuticle pattern of the respiratory system

division abnormally delayed

membrane bound glypican related proteoglycan

double parked

conserved protein required for DNA replication

Dynactin 1, p150 subunit (common alternative name: p150^Glued)

major subunit of dynactin, a complex that functions with dynein in minus-end-directed microtubule transport

ebi

Trp-Asp (WD) repeats protein - regulates Egfr pathway & protein degradation

ecdysoneless

conserved protein of unknown function - mutants disrupt production of the steroid hormone ecdysone

causing developmental and reproductive defects

ELL (preferred name: Su(Tpl))

occludin homology domain protein - a Pol II elongation factor capable of stimulating the rate of transcription

enabled

VASP homolog and SH3 domain protein - cytoskeletal adaptor protein

eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha

mediates the binding of tRNAi^Met to the ribosome in a GTP-dependent manner - eIF2 is a heterotrimer

consisting of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit - activation of the integrated stress response

signaling includes endoplasmic reticulum stress, and amino acid deprivation, sensed by

specialized kinases PERK and GCN2 that converge on phosphorylation of eIF2α

eyes absent (preferred name: clift)

novel protein - eyes absent family - cell survival factor

fat facets

conserved Cys and His domains - ubiquitin-specific protease

Ferritin 1 heavy chain homologue and Ferritin 2 light chain homologue

iron storage proteins; ferroxidase and iron core nucleation

Fife

a presynaptic scaffolding protein of the neuromuscular junction - active zone cytomatrix - homeostatic modulation of

neurotransmission - organizes active zones to create synaptic vesicle release sites

Follicle cell protein 26Aa (preferred name: palisade)

multi-domain protein that acts during oogenesis to coordinate assembly of the vitelline membrane -

required for functional properties of the eggshell

14-3-3zeta (common alternative name: leonardo)

a 14-3-3zeta isoform - a phosphoserine/threonine interacting protein

futsch

microtubule-associated protein

G protein salpha 60A

s-alpha subunit of heterotrimeric G protein

gamma-tubulin ring protein 84

gamma-tubulin associated protein required for aspects of microtubule nucleation, dynamics and organization both in interphase and mitosis

Ge-1

a molecular scaffold that brings together decapping enzymes and activators that are involved in silencing of microRNA targets

Girdin

scaffolding protein - regulates cell polarity - supports the activity of Yrt and Lgl by restricting the activity of aPKC - essential for sensory dendrite

formation - regulates the formation of actin structures that may temporarily stabilize the dendritic tip and is essential for its

connection to the dendritic sheath - a positive regulator of adherens junction function - stabilizes epithelial cell adhesion and promotes

morphogenesis by regulating the linkage of the cadherin-catenin complex to the actin cytoskeleton - involved in Akt pathway control of cell size

Glial Lazarillo

neuron-glia lipid shuttling - supports dendrite morphogenesis - expressed

in subsets of central and peripheral glial cells and in hemocytes

Golgin, RAB6 interacting (common alternative name: Gorab)

resembles a group of homodimeric rod-like proteins, the golgins, which function in vesicle tethering - golgins associate through their C-termini with different

Golgi domains, and their N-termini both capture vesicles and provide specificity to their tethering - binds to Sas6 as a monomer to mediate centriole duplication

Grip

Scaffolding and signaling protein - participates in the reception of an attractive signal that emanates from muscle epidermal attachment sites to direct the motility of developing muscles

guftagu (common alternative name: Cul-3)

Cullen-3 homolog acting in protein degradation - loss of function has pleiotropic effects during development,

including defects in external sensory organ development, pattern formation and cell growth and survival - targets Cubitus interruptus

GUK-holder

Scaffolding protein involved in synaptic budding - interacts with the GUK domain of Discs large -

required for the proper synaptic localization of Scribbled

headcase

novel basic protein

head involution defective (preferred name: Wrinkled)

death domain protein - programmed cell death

HEAT repeat containing 2

Dynein assembly factor involved in assembly of motile cilia - component of intracellular pre-assembly and transport network -

necessary to deliver functional dynein machinery to the ciliary compartment - spermatogenesis

Heat-shock-protein-70Aa

a family of proteins that functions as molecular chaperones - thermotolerance - required for border cell migration

Heat shock protein 83 (common alternative name: Heat shock protein 90)

a molecular chaperones that promotes the maturation of several important proteins - maintains and optimizes RNA polymerase II pausing

via stabilization of the negative elongation factor complex - promotes anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome function during cell cycle exit -

acts to generate neuroblast cortical polarity - acts to prevent phenotypic variation

Heat shock RNA ω

a molecular chaperones that promotes the maturation of several important proteins - maintains and optimizes RNA polymerase II pausing

via stabilization of the negative elongation factor complex - promotes anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome function during cell cycle exit -

acts to generate neuroblast cortical polarity - acts to prevent phenotypic variation

Hepatocyte growth factor regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (common alternative name: Hrs)

endosomal sorting of ubiquitinated receptors - targeting of EGFR, PVR, Notch, Hedgehog and Dpp receptors for degradation

Hig-anchoring scaffold protein

component of synaptic cleft of brain cholinergic synapses, regulates levels of Discs large and nAChR subunits

at postsynaptic terminals, required for trapping Hikaru genki at the synapse

homer

scaffolding protein required for the function of neural networks controlling locomotor activity and behavioral plasticity

huntingtin

cytoskeletal scaffolding protein required for axonal transport

Hyperkinetic

cytoplasmic protein that acts as the β subunit and redox sensor of Shaker voltage-dependent K⁺ channels -

functional in neural pathway in arousal and circadian rhythms - interacts with Ether go-go channels

infraabdominal (preferred name: name: nuclear untranslated RNA gene iab-4)

directly inhibits Ubx activity in vivo - ectopic expression induces a classical homeotic mutant phenotype,

the transformation of halteres into wings

inscuteable

novel protein - SH3 binding domain, ankyrin repeats and cytoskeletal attachment domain

insomniac

adaptor for the Cullin-3 ubiquitin ligase complex - mono-ubiquitination - together with Cul3 Inc is essential for normal sleep

regulation, compartmentalized at postsynaptic densities of the NMJ - gates retrograde

signaling - provides a molecular link between the control of sleep and homeostatic plasticity at the neuromuscular junction

jaguar - Drosophila myosin VI, a pointed end directed molecular motor -

involved in asymmetric cell division - regulates actin dynamics during sperm individualization

kakapo - preferred name: short stop

cytoskeletal cross-linker protein

karst (also known as betaHeavy Spectrin)

cytoskeletal protein - structural and docking protein

kelch

cytoskeletal protein - actin cross-linker - during oogenesis,

phosphorylation of Kelch is critical for the proper morphogenesis of actin during ring canal growth

Kinesin associated protein 3

the non-motor accessory subunit of Kinesin II - required for the axoneme growth and maintenance of the cilia

in Drosophila type I sensory neurons - expressed in Johnston's organ and required for hearing

Kinesin-like protein at 61F

motor protein - crosslinking and sliding activities during mitosis facilitate accumulation within antiparallel interpolar MTs

at the equator, where the motor generates force to drive spindle poleward flux and pole-pole separation

Kinesin-like protein at 64D & Kinesin-like protein at 68D

cytoskeletal motor protein - Klp64D and Klp68D are kinesin-2α kinesin-2β motor subunits of the heterotrimeric kinesin-2 - Klp64D associates with Klp68D

and Kap3 - Klp64D and Klp68D play an essential role in sensory cilia assembly and axonal transport - microtubule organization in dendrites - hearing

klarsicht

controls bidirectional transport of lipid droplets, nuclear migration and transport of secretory vesicles

Klp10A

mitotic kinesin required to depolymerize microtubules at their pole-associated minus ends thereby moving chromatids by means of poleward flux

Krimper

a component of nuage in the germline that functions to repress selfish genetic elements - Aub and Ago3 are recruited to nuage

to form a ping-pong complex assembled by Krimper - simultaneously binds the N-terminal regions of Aub and Ago3 to promote

generation of new piRNA - Krimper enforces an antisense bias on piRNA pools by binding AGO3 in the Drosophila germline

Lamin

an intermediate filament protein - chromatin associated protein

Lamin C

developmentally regulated nuclear intermediate filament - lines the inner nuclear membrane - provides structural support for the nucleus and regulates

gene expression - functions in nuclear mechanotransduction, a process through which mechanical forces are converted to biochemical signaling or gene expression, a model for

diseases known as laminopathies, required for thorax closure, sustains PcG protein architecture, maintaining transcriptional repression at target genes

latheo

ORC3 homolog and synaptic protein of unknown function

lava lamp

coiled-coil cytoskeletal component involved in cellularization

legless

a scaffold protein that physically links Pygopus to ß-catenin - the recruitement of Pygopus permits ß-catenin to activate Wnt target genes

leonardo (preferred name: 14-3-3zeta)

a 14-3-3zeta isoform - a phosphoserine/threonine interacting protein

lethal (2) giant discs 1 (common alternative name: lethal giant discs)

tumor suppressor - required to restrict the activity of Notch to the D/V boundary of the wing imaginal disc - endosomal transport protein

lethal (2) giant larvae (common alternative name: lethal giant larvae)

novel conserved cytoskeletal element

lines

novel segment polarity gene

Lin-7 (preferred name: veli)

scaffolding protein that acts downstream of Discs large, in conjunction with its binding partner Metro, to control neuromuscular

junction expansion and proper establishment of synaptic boutons

lin-19-like (common alternative name: Cullin1)

a major component of a series of multimeric ubiquitin ligases that control the degradation of a broad range of proteins

Lipid storage droplet-1 & Lipid storage droplet-2

intracellular neutral lipid droplet storage protein - maintains energy homeostasis

Lipophorin (Preferred name: Retinoid- and fatty acid-binding glycoprotein)

Lipophorin - bears lipid-linked morphogens on its surface - required for long-range signaling activity of Wingless and Hedgehog

Liprin-α

scaffolding protein that physically interacts with LAR and is essential for R7 axon targeting

liquid facets-Related

multi-modular proteins that stimulate clathrin-coated vesicle formation - functions in trans-Golgi network/endosome vesicle trafficking

transports specific cargo critical to one or more signaling pathways - required for egg chamber morphogenesis during oogenesis

Lissencephaly-1

component of Dynein complex, Beta-transducin family Trp-Asp repeats protein

mars

microtubule-associated protein that mediates spatially controlled dephosphorylation of dTACC, which is critical for mitotic spindle stabilization

mastermind

part of an activation complex, including the Notch intracellular domain, RBP-Jκ [Su(H) in Drosophila]

and a histone acetyltransferase, that activates Notch target genes

mei-s332 (preferred name: meiotic from Salaria 282)

conserved protein - essential in meiosis for maintaining cohesion at centromeres

until sister chromatids separate at the metaphase II/anaphase II transition

melted

evolutionarily conserved modulator of the insulin/PI3K signaling pathway - mutants mimic the effects of nutrient deprivation

producing adults with 40% less fat than normal

metro

a MAGUK serving as a major binding partner of perisynaptic Dlg at larval neuromuscular junctions - stabilizes Dlg

in a complex with adaptor protein Lin-7 - controls NMJ expansion and proper establishment of synaptic boutons

microRNA encoding gene mir-14

a cell death suppressor - regulates fat metabolism

milton

scaffolding protein that along with Miro forms an essential protein complex that links kinesin heavy chain to mitochondria

for light chain-independent, anterograde transport of mitochondria - controls the early acquisition of

mitochondria by Drosophila oocytes - contributes to spermatid tail elongation

mini spindles

microtubule plus end binding protein - stimulates microtubule growth, microtubule destabilising activity, mitotic spindle

mir-7 stem loop

microRNA, post-transcriptional gene regulation - promotes neuroepithelial cell-to-neuroblast transition in the optic lobe

by targeting downstream Notch effectors - contributes to the control of wing growth - facilitates Notch-induced

tumourigenesis - regulates Tramtrack69 in a developmental switch in follicle cells

mir-8 stem loop

acts through U-shaped to activate PI3K, thereby promoting fat cell growth cell-autonomously and enhancing growth non-cell-autonomously -

antagonizes Wg signaling in part by directly targeting wntless, a gene required for Wg secretion

mir-9a stem loop

a microRNA that regulates maternal-to-zygotic transition, muscle-tendon attachments, production of sensory bristles and wing development

mir-124 stem loop

post-transcriptional regulation, gene silencing by miRNA, negative regulation of synaptic transmission, dendrite morphogenesis, neuroblast proliferation

mir-277 stem loop

microRNA that carries out post-transcriptional gene regulation, modulates rCGG repeat-mediated neurodegeneration and the pathogenesis of FXTAS neurodegenerative disorder by post-transcriptionally regulating the expression of specific mRNAs involved in the disease

mir-184

a highly conserved microRNA that is expressed in the female germline and has assumed control over multiple steps

in oogenesis and early embryogenesis

misato

co-factor of the Tubulin Chaperone Protein-1 (TCP-1) complex - plays an essential role in the Tubulin-folding processes required for proper assembly of spindle microtubules - depletion of Misato

in the visceral muscle is a model of the pathogenic mechanism for visceral myopathy - mutations in misato inhibit kinetochore-driven microtubule growth

miranda

novel protein - required for subcellular localization of prospero

missing oocyte

conserved novel protein that regulates nuclear architecture and meiotic progression

in early ovarian cysts - interacting partner of the conserved nucleoporin Seh1

modigliani

a novel protein enriched at telomeres that is required to prevent telomeric fusion -

forms a protein complex that is functionally analogous to shelterin

mon2

a conserved Golgi/endosomal protein - essential factor in anchoring pole plasm components at the oocyte posterior cortex - couples Oskar-induced

endocytosis with actin remodeling for cortical anchorage of the germ plasm - physically interacts with Capuccino and Spire -

promotes the accumulation of the small GTPase Rho1 at the oocyte posterior.

morula

APC2 subunit of the anaphase promoting complex - regulates protein degradation and cell cycle

Muscle LIM protein at 60A

cytoskeletal LIM-domain protein, Cys-rich protein

Muscle-specific protein 300 kDa (common alternative name: Nesprin)

cytoskeletal protein - transports mRNAs from the nucleus to postsynaptic sites during synaptic maturation -

controls glutamate receptor density at the neuromuscular junction - promotesn myonuclear spacing

Nesprin (preferred name: Muscle-specific protein 300 kDa)

cytoskeletal protein - transports mRNAs from the nucleus to postsynaptic sites during synaptic maturation -

controls glutamate receptor density at the neuromuscular junction - promotesn myonuclear spacing

Nostrin & Cdc42-interacting protein 4

F-BAR proteins involved in regulation of membrane curvature and dynamics - regulation of dynamin-dependent endocytosis of E-cadherin

during oogenesis - Cip4 acts downstream of Cdc42 to activate the WASP-WAVE-Arp2/3 pathway in the notum and the wing epithelium -

Nostrin makes contact with microtubules through the kinesin Khc-73 for trafficking of recycling endosomes

mushroom body defect

involved in involved in spindle orientation during asymmetric cell division - asymmetrically localized

Partner of inscuteable-Gαi complexes regulate spindle orientation by directly binding to Mud which in turn binds microtubules

multiple ankyrin repeats single KH domain (common alternative name: Mask)

scaffolding protein involved in Hippo signaling pathway - cofactor of Yorkie - regulation of macroautophagy/autophagy-lysosomal-mediated

degradation - genetically interacts with Parkin to modulate mitochondrial morphology - negatively regulates the recruitment of Parkin to

mitochondria - negatively regulates the recruitment of Parkin to mitochondria - promotes autophagic flux by enhancing lysosomal function

myoblast city

a docking protein: DOCK180 homolog

Myosin 10A

cytoskeletal motor protein required during dorsal closure for the correct alignment of cells on opposing sides

of the fusing epithelial sheets and for adhesion of the cells during the final zippering/fusion phase

Myosin 31DF

cytoskeletal motor protein required in the hindgut epithelium and testes for normal embryonic handedness (left-right asymmetry)

Myosin 61F

motor protein present within the microvillus of the gut apical brush border where it forms lateral tethers

between the microvillus membrane and underlying actin filament core - maintains structural integrity of the brush border domain enterocyte -

provides resistance against oral infection by bacterial pathogens

neither inactivation nor afterpotential C (common alternative name: NinaC)

motor domain protein involved in adaptation during visual signal transduction - regulates of translocation

of Arrestin2 - required for stability of INAD and PKC

NEM-sensitive fusion protein 2

developmentally regulated N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion (NSF) gene - mutants are defective in the synaptic

growth and maturation that occurs during larval development

nervy

probable transcriptional co-repressor- described as an AKAP binding protein, zinc finger protein expressed in the CNS and involved in axon guidance

Neural Lazarillo

Lipocalin family member, a homologue of vertebrate Apolipoprotein D and Retinol Binding Protein 4, required for JNK-mediated stress and starvation tolerance,

negatively regulates Insulin signaling, disrupting glucose homeostasis, repressing growth, and extending lifespan

Nidogen/entactin

basement membrane component - required for proper assembly and maintenance of certain basement membranes

of the adipose tissue and flight muscles - binds to and couples Collagen IV and Laminin networks

Niemann-Pick Type C-2

lysosomal cholesterol-binding protein that functions redundantly with npc2b in regulating sterol homeostasis and ecdysteroid biosynthesis

no distributive disjunction

kinesin - cytoskeletal motor protein that functions during meiosis and mitosis - produces chromosome congression forces by microtubule plus end-directed

motility and tip-tracking on polymerizing microtubule plus ends via association with EB1 plus end-directed motor - necessary for

chromosome segregation during meiosis and for proper chromosome alignment along the meiotic spindle

non-claret disjunctional

cytoskeletal motor protein - minus end directed kinesin - involved in spindle dynamics during meiosis and mitosis

non-stop

ubiquitin-specific protease expressed in glia - involved in development of laminal glia

n-synaptobrevin

a v-SNARE - a vesicular protein that plays a key role during synaptic vesicle exocytosis - involved in a neuron-specific

sort-and-degrade mechanism that protects neurons from degeneration

nuclear untranslated RNA gene iab-4 (common alternative name: infraabdominal)

directly inhibits Ubx activity in vivo - ectopic expression induces a classical homeotic mutant phenotype,

the transformation of halteres into wings

Nucleoporin 44A (alternative name: Seh1)

component of a nucleoporin subcomplex - a binding parter of Missing oocyte; regulates nuclear architecture and meiotic progression in early ovarian cysts

Nucleoporin 93kD-1

nuclear pore complex - scaffold nucleoporin considered important for the overall integrity of the nuclear pore complex - functions in supporting Smad nuclear import -

a core component of the inner ring sub-complex - associates primarily with Polycomb-silenced regions - Nup93 recruits Nup62 to suppress chromatin tethering by Nup155

nullo

novel myristoylprotein with a cluster of basic amino acids present in the basal junction and required for its formation at the onset of cellularization

Optic atrophy 1

mediates fusion of the inner mitochondrial membrane - suppression of Opa1 induces cardiac dysfunction associated with mitochondrial depolarization and ROS production

Orbit (common alternative name: Chromosome bows)

microtubule-associated protein that plays an essential role facilitating the kinetochore-microtubule interaction -

maternially it facilitates multiple interactions of the fusome with mitotic spindles and ring canals -

zygotically it mediates the action of Slit and its receptors acting as a partner of the Abelson tyrosine kinase

Origin recognition complex 2

A subunit of the Origin recognition complex, involved in initiation of DNA replication

ovarian tumor

novel protein required in oogenesis

palisade

multi-domain protein that acts during oogenesis to coordinate assembly of the vitelline membrane -

required for functional properties of the eggshell

Pallidin

a central subunit of a complex called biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles complex 1 (BLOC1) that regulates specific endosomal

functions - Downregulation of Pallidin in surface glia reduces and delays nighttime sleep in a circadian-clock-dependent manner - links essential

amino acid availability and GABAergic sleep/wake regulation - downregulation neutral amino acid transporter-like transporters as well

as of TOR amino acid signaling, phenocopy Pallidin knockdown - supplementing food with leucine normalizes the sleep/wake phenotypes of Pallidin downregulation

par-6

PDZ domain protein required for asymmetric cell division of neuroblasts and for the maintenance of oocyte cell fate

partner of inscuteable

involved in asymmetric cell divisions and establishment of cell polarity

partner of numb

adaptor protein that physically associates with and regulates Numb - Polo can inhibit progenitor self-renewal by directly phosphorylating Partner of numb

parvin

a component of the tripartite IPP complex that maintains the integrin-actin link at embryonic muscle attachment sites -

affects the organization of actin cytoskeleton in both wing and eye epithelia

Patronin

microtubule minus-end-binding protein - organization of apical microtubule network to ensure size/shape homogeneity - links epithelial

polarity to folding via a microtubule-based mechanical mechanism - interacts with and recruited by Shot stop

which interacts with the cell cortex through its actin-binding domain - antagonist of microtubule depolymerizing kinesin Klp10A

Patj

PDZ-domain junctional protein involved in assembling a protein complex that functions in planar cell polarity

Paxillin

cytoskeletal adaptor that couples integrins to the actin cytoskeleton in focal adhesions - positively regulates Rac

and negatively regulating Rho - regulates actin dynamics and cell adhesion during muscle fusion -

targeted by JNK in the regulation of border-cell cluster integrity during oogenesis

peanut

GTPase superfamily protein involved in cytokinesis and septum formation

pecanex

a component of the Notch signaling pathway - a transmembrane protein required for ER function - potentially required in Notch

signal-receiving cells for processing of Notch protein

pericentrin-like protein (preferred name: cp309)

PACT domain protein - associated with both the centrioles and pericentriolar material -

essential for the formation of functional cilia and flagella

Peptidoglycan recognition protein SA

secreted immune pattern-recognition receptors upstream of the Drosophila Toll pathway - peptidoglycan recognition proteins (PGRPs)

SA and LC structurally discriminate between bacterial peptidoglycans with lysine (Lys) or diaminopimelic(DAP)

acid, respectively, thus inducing differential antimicrobial transcription response

phosphatidylserine receptor

nuclear protein that acts through the c-Jun-NH2 terminal kinase pathway to alter sensitivity to cell death

pimples

novel protein required for sister chromatid separation in mitosis - shares functional similarities to

securin a protein that acts to premature activation of separins

piwi

a novel protein involved in stem cell renewal

pod-1

WD repeat protein - crosslinks actin and microtubules - proper levels of Pod-1 must be maintained in the growth cone for correct axon guidance

polychaetoid

scaffolding protein, PDZ domain protein, MAGUK

Prefoldin 2

a subunit of abmolecular chaperone complex - regulates tubulin function in mitosis -

regulates neuroblast polarity in larval brains

preli-like

conserved transmembrane mitochondrial protein that regulates mitochondrial activity, important for growth and integrity of dendritic branches

prickle

LIM domain protein

quick-to-court

an alpha-helical coiled-coiled protein - mutants exhibit altered male courtship behavior

quiver (common alternative name: sleepless)

an Ly-6/Neurotoxin family member - a novel potassium channel subunit that regulates levels, localization, and activity of Shaker

Rab3 interacting molecule

evolutionarily conserved scaffolding protein - located at presynaptic active zones - presynaptic

homeostasis - plays a critical role for the active zone cytomatrix as a substrate for synaptic plasticity

Rad21 (preferred name: verthandi)

constituent of the cohesin complex, functions in chromosome cohesion, spindle morphology, dynamics of a chromosome passenger protein,

and stability of the cohesin complex

raw

a novel gene product required to limit AP-1 activity to leading edge epidermal cells during embryonic dorsal closure

Retinoid- and fatty acid-binding glycoprotein

Lipophorin - bears lipid-linked morphogens on its surface - required for long-range signaling activity of Wingless and Hedgehog

RIM-binding protein

presynaptic scaffolding protein - neuromuscular junction - essential for the integrity of the synaptic active zone scaffold and for exocytotic neurotransmitter release

ringmaker

PNS, maintains microtubule stability/dynamics with the microtubule-associated protein Futsch - splice factor Rtca suppresses Xbp1

via nonconventional mRNA splicing, which in turn reduces ringer expression to inhibit axon

regeneration - lies downstream from and is negatively regulated by the microtubule-associated deacetylase HDAC6

RNA on the X 2

non-coding RNA - dosage compensation - activation of male specific lethal proteins

rogdi

leucine zipper factor - sleep-promoting factor - supports a subset of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transmission - GABAergic control of dopaminergic signaling

Rootletin

structural component of base of cilia - organizes rootlets at the base of primary cilia in sensory neurons - essential for

sensory neuron functions, including negative geotaxis, taste, touch response, and hearing - rootlet assembly requires centrioles

roughex

novel regulator of cell cycle

Sas-4

centriolar constituent - required for centriolar assembly, centriole replication, flagellum biogenesis, cilium biogenesis and locomotion -

regulates asymmetric cell division

scraps

encodes anillin - conserved component of the contractile ring that is essential for cytokinesis - physically interacts

with three conserved cleavage furrow proteins, F-actin, myosin II and septins - required for cellularization

scylla and charybde

conserved proteins acting downstream of PKB and upstream of TSC to regulate growth - they are induced under hypoxic conditions,

thus establishing a potential cross-talk between growth and oxygen sensing

Secretory 16

scaffolding protein - a component of the endoplasm stress granule formed in response to amino acid starvation - follicle cell

differentiation - Clueless together with dGRASP prevents ER stress and therefore maintains

Sec16 stability essential for the functional organization of perinuclear early secretory pathway

shank

neuromuscular junction - regulates synaptic bouton number and maturity - regulates a noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway

in the postsynaptic cell by modulating the internalization of the Wnt receptor Fz2

short stop

cytoskeletal cross-linker protein

Shroom

scaffold protein - an asymmetrically localized actin- and Rho-kinase-binding protein - amplifies Rho-kinase and

myosin II - planar polarity and junctional localization downstream of Rho signaling, apical constriction, convergent extension, adherens junction

shutdown

immunophilin - FK506-binding protein domain and a tetratricopeptide repeat - essential for the normal function of the germline stem cells - a conserved cochaperone that collaborates with Hsp90 during piRNA biogenesis, potentially at the loading step of RNAs into Piwi proteins

sickle

novel apoptosis activator - contains an N-terminal inhibitor of apoptosis motif

singed

fascin homolog - crosslinks actin filaments

skpA

component of protein degradation complex - regulates centrosome duplication

SLC22A family member

a plasma membrane transporter - localizes in the dendrites of mushroom body neurons - terminates synaptic

transmission from cholinergic projection neurons through uptake of the released neurotransmitter acetylcholine - enhances

olfactory memory by allowing the neurotransmitter signal from projection neurons to be more persistent

sleepless (preferred name: quiver)

an Ly-6/Neurotoxin family member - a novel potassium channel subunit that regulates levels, localization, and activity of Shaker - regulates sleep

slow as molasses

novel protein that is essential for polarized growth of the plasma membrane during cellularization

Sparc (preferred name: BM-40-SPARC)

basement membrane component required for basal lamina maturation and condensation of the ventral nerve cord

Spd-2

centriole duplication - required for recruitment of pericentriolar material to sperm centrioles after fertilization

alpha Spectrin

cytoskeletal protein - structural and docking protein

betaHeavy Spectrin (preferred name: karst)

cytoskeletal protein - structural and docking protein

spindle assembly abnormal 6

centriolar constituent - required for the assembly of the centriolar microtubules - a cartwheel protein

that establishes the 9-fold symmetry of the centriole

Spindly

centriolar constituent - required for the assembly of the centriolar microtubules - a cartwheel protein

that establishes the 9-fold symmetry of the centriole

Spinophilin

a scaffolding protein involved in Neurexin/Neuroligin signalling - controls of synaptic active zone number and functionality -

a Protein-phosphatase 1 (PP1) targeting protein

spn-F (common alternative name: Spindle-F)

an adaptor linking IKKε to cytoplasmic dynein - regulation of cytoskeleton organization - bristle cell elongation -

central mediator of dendrite pruning in sensory neurons - regulation of oocyte polarity

sprouty

membrane associated or secreted antagonist of FGF signaling

stardust

codes for a regulatory component of the subapical complex of cellular junctions - crucial in the control of epithelial cell polarity

steamer-duck

LIM-only protein that is required for integrin-dependent cell adhesion - physically interacts with Integrin-linked kinase

stoned A and stoned B

a dicistronic locus encoding two proteins involved in synaptic vesicle recycling

Spt5

DSIF, composed of Spt4 and Spt5, establishes the pause in transcription by recruiting NELF to the elongation complex - physically

interacts with MYC oncoprotein and is essential for efficient transcriptional activation of MYC targets in cultured cells - Integrator-bound

PP2A dephosphorylates the RNA Pol II C-terminal domain and Spt5, preventing the< transition to productive elongation - Pho interacts with Spt5 to facilitate

transcriptional switches at the hsp70 locus - interacts directly with MSL1 and is required downstream of MSL complex for dosage compensation

Sting

sensor of cyclic dinucleotides - innate immune response, viral and bacterial immunity, immune deficiency (IMD) pathway, flies with STING

deletion are sensitive to starvation and oxidative stress, have reduced lipid storage and downregulated expression of lipid metabolism genes

Strawberry notch

nuclear protein in the Notch pathway

Stromalin

component of cohesin ring complex - regulates meiotic sister chromatid cohesion - important for chromosome

condensation, DNA repair, and gene expression - negative regulator of synaptic vesicle pool size in dopamine neurons

subito

a kinesinlike protein required for spindle formation and cytokinesis - involved in both meiosis and mitosis

supernumerary limbs

beta-transducin family Trp-Asp repeats family - protein degradation

Survivin (preferred name: Deterin)

component of the chromosomal passenger complex that regulates chromosome condensation, interaction between kinetochores and microtubules, spindle organization, cytokinesis, and apoptosis

Su(Tpl) (common alternative name: ELL)

occludin homology domain protein - a Pol II elongation factor capable of stimulating the rate of transcription

Synapsin

a vescular protein that participates in the regulation of neurotransmitter release - interacts with the cytoskeleton to regulate the number

of synaptic vesicles available for release via exocytosis - promotes vesicle reuptake and reserve pool formation upon intense stimulation

Synapse protein 25 (common alternative name: Snap25)

target-Snare (t-Snare) protein - one part of the four helix bundle of proteins referred to as SNAPs invoved in synaptic vesicle priming -

required for vesicle docking at the presynapse - a part of the neuroexocytosis machinery

Syndapin

F-BAR-domain containing protein that regulates cellularization, membrane tubulation, Clathrin-mediated and bulk endocytosis, formation

of subsynaptic reticulum and F-actin stability, contributes to coupling the plasma membrane and contractile ring in cytokinesis

Talin

essential for integrin function - crosslinks extracellular matrix-linked integrins to the cytoskeleton

tarsal-less

codes for short encoded peptides that convert Shavenbaby from a transcriptional repressor to an activator

via the truncation of its N-terminal region - polycistronic message - epidermal differentiation - spatial pattern of trichomes - legs - trachea

tau

microtubule-associated protein - delivery of synaptic proteins - vesicular axonal transport - a target for PAR-1

in dendritic pruning - Dendrite severing - regulation of photoreceptor development and progressive neuronal degeneration

tejas

functions as a core component that recruits Vasa (Vas) and Spindle-E (Spn-E) into nuage granules through distinct

motifs, thereby assembling nuage and engaging precursors for further processing in the piRNA pathway

torsolike

terminal system - follicle cell protein

Tropomyosin I

cytoskeletal element - intracellular transport - links kinesin-1 in a strongly inhibited state to oskar mRNA - binds RNA

via its alternative cargo binding domain - an unusual product of the Tm1 locus, Tm1-I/C, resembles an intermediate

filament protein in some respects - Arp2/3 complex and cofilin, in turn, regulate the binding of tropomyosin to actin filaments

Troponin I (FlyBase name: wings up A)

cytoskeletal protein - along with Tropomyosin regulates muscle contraction - required to maintain nuclear integrity and

apico-basal polarity during early embryogenesis - required for myofibrillogenesis and sarcomere formation in Drosophila flight muscle

β1 Tubulin

β Tubulin56D - ubiquitious component of cytoskeleton

β2 Tubulin

β Tubulin85D - sperm tubulin

β3 Tubulin

β Tubulin60D - microtubular cytoskeleton

γ Tubulin

gamma Tubulin at 23C - microtubule nucleating factor

γ-Tubulin at 37C

microtubule nucleating factor - eggs produced by mutant mothers show an arrest of nuclear divisions

during early embryogenesis and a disruption in the anterior-posterior axis - required for bicoid mRNA localization

tubulin-specific chaperone E

multidomain protein - required for development and function of neuromuscular synapses - promotes microtubule formation

twinstar

Drosophila cofilin - actin-depolymerizing and actin-severing protein - essential for neuronal axon growth

unc-104

a Kinesin-3 family member that is essential for transporting synaptic vesicle precursors

unconventional myosin class XV (common alternative names: Myo10A and Sisyphus)

cytoskeletal motor protein - regulates filopodial dynamics during dorsal closure

uncoordinated

coiled-coil protein expressed in sensory neurons and the male germline - localizes to centrioles and basal bodies - required for ciliogenesis

unkempt

C3HC4 type (RING finger) protein - works downstream of insulin receptor/mTOR pathway to regulate temporal control of neuronal differentiation

Vacuolar protein sorting 35

a subunit of the retromer complex which is essential for the retrograde transport of numerous transmembrane proteins

from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network - required apical localization of key apical/basal polarity molecules

valois

scaffolding protein - required for accumulation of high levels of Oskar protein, for posterior localization of Oskar in later stages of oogenesis

and for posterior localization of the Vasa protein during pole plasm assembly

varicose

Essential septate junction gene encoding a membrane associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) - required for accumulation of the tracheal

size-control proteins Vermiform and Serpentine in the tracheal lumen

veli (common alternative name: Lin-7)

scaffolding protein that acts downstream of DlgS97, in conjunction with its binding partner Metro, to control neuromuscular

junction expansion and proper establishment of synaptic boutons

verthandi

constituent of the cohesin complex, functions in chromosome cohesion, spindle morphology, dynamics of a chromosome passenger protein,

and stability of the cohesin complex

Vinculin

component of adherens and focal adhesion junctions - regulates cytoskeletal anchoring at the plasma membrane - regulates cell

adhesion - mechanotransduction - triggers the formation of cytoplasmic adhesion complexes - interacts with α-Catenin - recruited

to amniosersoa apical cell membranes during dorsal closure - regulates of cardiac function during aging

viriato

nucleolar protein of unknown function - ensures a coordinated nucleolar response to dMyc-induced growth -

required for the growth and differentiation progression activities of the Dpp pathway during eye development

wech (common alternative name: dappled)

LIN-41 subclade multiple domain protein of unknown function - let-7 micro RNA regulated

wings up A (common alternative name: Troponin I)

cytoskeletal protein - along with Tropomyosin regulates muscle contraction - required to maintain nuclear integrity and

apico-basal polarity during early embryogenesis - required for myofibrillogenesis and sarcomere formation in Drosophila flight muscle

wuho

WD40 domain protein - maintains ovarian germ cell homeostasis - Wuho and Mei-p26 are epistatically linked, with mutants showing nearly identical

phenotypes - promotes BMP stemness signaling for proper GSC division and maintenance - silences nanos translation - downregulates a subset of microRNAs

involved in germ cell differentiation and suppresses ribosomal biogenesis via dMyc to limit germ cell mitosis - knockdown

results in DNA damage with strand breaks and apoptosis through ATM/Chk2/p53 signaling pathway - essential for spermatogenesis

Wrinkled (common alternative name: head involution defective)

death domain protein - programmed cell death

yata

kinase domain (inactive) - controls intracellular trafficking of the APPL protein - mislocalized Yata causes the mislocalization of

COPI, indicating that YATA plays a role in directing COPI to the proper subcellular site - abnormal cellular structures are

located in the vicinity of rhabdomeres in aged white; yata mutants - expression of APP resulted in the

loss of proper control of synapse formation, which is reversed in yata mutants - secretory vesicles

Drosophila genes listed by biochemical function

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