Alphabetical list of genes

S

Sac1 phosphatase

PI4P phosphatase, lipid phosphatase - promotes microtubule stability in the developing retina, regulates postembryonic synaptic maturation

and neurodegeneration - binding partner of VAMP-associated protein 33kDa (Vap33 or DVap) - Drosophila model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, functions

downstream of STT4 and Ptc in the regulation of Smo membrane localization and Hh pathway activation - dorsal closure - axonal transport - microtubule stability

S-adenosylmethionine sensor upstream of TORC1 (common alternative name: Samtor)

an S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) sensor, which regulates the mTORC1 activity through its interaction with the GTPase-activating protein activity toward Rags-1

SAGA factor-like TAF6

histone fold domain protein - component of histone acetyltransferase (SAGA) complex - required for

SAGA coactivator function - responsible for acetylation of histones and deubiquitination of His2B at active promoters

Sak kinase (common alternative name: Plk4)

member of the polo-like serine/threonine protein kinase family - required for centriole duplication and for formation of basal bodies and flagella

Salsa

a helicase - a component of the NineTeen Complex (NTC), also known as Pre-mRNA-processing factor 19 (Prp19) complex - regulates distinct spliceosome

conformational changes necessary for splicing, rate-limiting for splicing of a subset of small first introns during oogenesis, including the first intron of gurken

Salt-inducible kinase 3

cooperates with Mondo-Mlx to maintain organismal sugar tolerance through the regulation of NADPH/NADP+ redox balance - expression in clock neurons-morning oscillators (M cells)

regulates male sex drive - feeding and fasting signals converge on the LKB1-SIK3 pathway to regulate lipid metabolism -regulates growth through the Hippo signalling pathway

salvador

scaffold protein - restricts cell numbers in vivo by functioning as a dual regulator of cell proliferation and apoptosis - physically interacts

with Warts - the stability of Salvador (Sav), which is believed to promote Hippo/Warts association, is crucially dependent on its binding partner Hippo

S-adenosylmethionine sensor upstream of TORC1

scaffold protein - restricts cell numbers in vivo by functioning as a dual regulator of cell proliferation and apoptosis - physically interacts

with Warts - the stability of Salvador (Sav), which is believed to promote Hippo/Warts association, is crucially dependent on its binding partner Hippo

sanpodo

encodes a four-pass transmembrane protein that localizes to the cell membrane - specifies Notch-dependent fate - Notch and Numb

physically associate with Sanpodo - enables precursor cells to divide asymmetrically to produce daughter cells

of distinct fates - involved in cell fate specification in the nervous system, mesoderm, and endoderm

sans fille (also known as U1AsnRNP)

splicing factor - a crucial component of the spliceosome - a protein component of U1 and U2 small nuclear

ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) - involved in Sex-lethal splicing and consequently in sex determination

Sap18 (FlyBase name: Bicoid interacting protein 1)

part of the Sin3A/Rpd3 histone deacetylase complex - helps convert Bicoid from an activator

into a repressor by recruitment of a co-repressor to Bicoid-dependent promoters

Smad anchor for receptor activation

binds the PP1c phosphatase and its regulator Sds22 - both Notch and Delta traffic through Sara endosomes - involved in signalling bias between the pIIa-pIIb

sibling cells - Sara endosomes are specifically targeted to the pIIa cell during sensory organ precursor division, mediating the transport of a

pool of Notch and Delta that contribute to the activation of Notch in the pIIa - Uninflatable controls the asymmetric dispatch of the Sara endosomes

sarah

regulates female meiosis by controlling calcineurin activity in the

germline - exacerbates Aβ42 phenotypes in a Drosophila model of Alzheimer's disease

Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (common alternative name: SERCA)

endoplasmic reticulum calcium pump - mutants disrupt Wingless signaling by sequestering Armadillo/beta-catenin

away from the signaling pool - Seipin interacts with SERCA, whose activity is reduced in dSeipin mutants, leading

to reduced ER calcium levels - THADA binds SERCA and acts on it as an uncoupler - tracheal budding

saxophone

receptor s/t kinase - a type I Dpp receptor - necessary for the specification of the dorsal-most cell fate (amnioserosa) which

requires the highest levels of Dpp activity - together with the BMP receptors Tkv and Put, Sax transduces

signaling of the BMP ligands Dpp, Gbb and Scw in the embryo and in imaginal disc patterning

SAYP (preferred name: Enhancer of yellow 3)

Trithorax group protein, constituent of PBAP chromatin remodeling complex, a coactivator supercomplex consisting of Brahma and TFIID;

participates in ecdysone-dependent transcriptional regulation

scab

α-PS3 integrin - involved in dorsal closure, tracheal and salivary gland development and in the localization of pericardial cells - thought to dimerize

with Myospheroid and possibly Integrin betanu subunit - Scb regulates adhesion, signalling, polarity and cell migration - genetic interaction

with Laminin genes implicates them as extracellular matrix ligands

scabrous

secreted glycoprotein - fibrinogen family - regulates spacing of photoreceptors - a Notch pathway inhibitory signal secreted by photoreceptor precursors in

response to Egfr signaling - transcriptional target of proneural bHLH proteins and a useful marker for proneural regions and cells - contributes to neural patterning

scalloped

transcription factor - human TEF-1 homolog - a downstream effector molecule in the Wingless pathway of wing imaginal discs - partners Vestigial and

Yorkie to act as a transcription factor - modified by Hippo and Wingless signalling - involved in wing and neuronal specification.

SCAR

promotes actin polymerization via Arp2/3 protein complex - Kette coordinates myoblast junction dissolution and the ratio of Scar-to-WASp during myoblast fusion

scarecrow

homeodomain transcription factor - optic lobe - pharyngeal primordia - central nervous system - brain - regulates Pdf neuropeptide expression controlling circadian rhythms

scarface

belongs to a subgroup of serine protease homologues with an inactive catalytic site - functions extracellularly during dorsal closure

as an antagonist of the JNK pathway - regulates the polarized localization of laminin A during the development of epithelial polarity

schnurri

transcription factor - zinc finger - target of Dpp - the activity of the Mad/Schnurri complex is modulated in a promoter specific fashion to active

or repress gene transcription - corepressor Schnurri protects epithelial cells from JNK-induced apoptosis in drosophila embryos.

Scm-related gene containing four mbt domains

PcG protein - Pleiohomeotic interactor that binds mono- and di-methylated H3-K9 and H4-K20

and acts to maintain a Polycomb-repressed chromatin state

scotti

pseudosubstrate inhibitor of a Cullin-3-based E3 ubiquitin ligase complex required for caspase activation during Drosophila spermatid terminal differentiation

scraps

encodes anillin - conserved component of the contractile ring that is essential for cytokinesis - physically interacts

with three conserved cleavage furrow proteins, F-actin, myosin II and septins - required for cellularization

scratch

transcription factor - zinc finger - panneural repressor of non-neural cell fate - Escargot

and Scratch regulate neural commitment by antagonizing Notch activity in sensory organs

scrawny

protein deubiquitinase required in germline, epithelial, and intestinal stem cells - acts to repress differentiation genes - deubiquitylates histone H2B

and functions in gene silencing - participates in a conserved pathway of chromatin regulation linking H2B ubiquitylation with H3K4me3 methylation

screw

TGF-ß superfamily - the Scw/dpp heterodimer is required to achieve the peak levels of BMP signal

in the dorsal-most cells of the early blastoderm embryo that are necessary to specify the amnioserosa.

scribbled

scaffolding protein with multiple PDZ and LLR regions - functions to localize junctional components in the determination of epithelial cell apicobasal

polarity - acts with discs large 1 and lethal (2) giant larvae to distinguish the basolateral domain of epithelial cells and neuroblasts - exhibits

antagonistic interactions with the aPKC/Par-6 complex that impacts vesicle trafficking - organizes synaptic architecture and is implicated in learning and memory

scribbler

novel protein with a single zinc finger - multifunctional protein that regulates foraging activity and shapes the activity gradient of Dpp through

regulation of thickveins - regulates transcription by interacting with Mediator complex subunit Med19

scute

transcription factor - basic helix loop helix - proneural gene that also functions to in sex determination to regulate Sex-lethal

scylla and charybde

conserved proteins acting downstream of PKB and upstream of TSC to regulate growth - they are induced under hypoxic conditions,

thus establishing a potential cross-talk between growth and oxygen sensing - required for head involution

sec5

a member of the exocyst complex - promotes vesicular trafficking involved in cell growth and membrane protein insertion -

required for membrane traffic and polarity in the oocyte - mediates embryo cellularization

sec6

component of the exocyst which tethers secretory vesicles to specific plasma membrane sites - a Rab11 effector

that facilitates protein transport to the apical rhabdomere in Drosophila photoreceptor cells -

regulates E-Cadherin trafficking from recycling endosomes to the plasma membrane

Secreted decoy of InR

insulin-binding protein - negative regulator of insulin signaling - regulation of body size - receptor-like decoy molecule

Secreted protein, acidic, cysteine-rich (common alternative name: SPARC)

basement membrane component required for basal lamina maturation and condensation of the ventral nerve cord

Secreted Wg-interacting molecule

HIF1-α/Swim/Wnt module connects injury-sensing and regenerative outcomes - associated with the extracellular

matrix - injury triggers a coordinated response in neuro-glial clusters that promotes the spread of

a neuron-derived stem cell factor via glial secretion of the lipocalin-like transporter Swim

Secretory 15

functions in polarized exocytosis/secretion - involved in targeting photoreceptor axons that involves localization of specific cell adhesion and signaling molecules

Secretory 16

scaffolding protein - a component of the endoplasm stress granule formed in response to amino acid starvation - follicle cell

differentiation - Clueless together with dGRASP prevents ER stress and therefore maintains

Sec16 stability essential for the functional organization of perinuclear early secretory pathway

Seipin

Transmembrane lipid-binding protein - promotes adipose tissue lipid storage via calcium-dependent mitochondrial metabolism

seizure

voltage-gated potassium channel - essential for protecting flies from acute heat-induced seizures -acts in excitatory neurons -

the octopaminergic system and neuropile ensheathing and perineurial glia - mutations in sei cause extensive

structural remodeling of the myofibrillar organization - expressed widely in the CNS - neuromuscular junction - heart

semaphorin-1a

axon guidance transmembrane protein - motor axons requiring Sema-1a for choice-point defasciculation - Sema-1a reverse signaling promotes midline crossing in

response to secreted semaphorins - prevents Drosophila olfactory projection neuron dendrites from mis-targeting into select antennal lobe regions

semaphorin-2a and semaphorin-2b

secreted - Ig superfamily - axon guidance - expressed by muscle 33 - functions by inhibiting the neuronal growth cone from forming a synaptic arborization (branching)

to alternative muscles - epidermis-derived Semaphorin promotes dendrite self-avoidance by regulating dendrite-substrate adhesion in Drosophila sensory neurons

senseless

zinc finger - target of proneural genes - expressed and required in sensory organ precursors for proper

proneural gene expression - regulates differentiation

the R8 photoreceptor - blocks nuclear transduction of Egfr activation through transcriptional repression of pointed

Sensory neuron membrane protein 1

CD36-related transmembrane protein - essential for the response of olfactory sensory neurons to cis-vaccenyl acetate,

a male-specific fatty-acid-derived pheromone that regulates sexual and social aggregation behaviours

Separase

endopeptidase required for sister chromatid separation during mitosis - required for homolog and sister disjunction

during male meiosis - together with Three rows it forms a complex which cleaves a subunit of the cohesin complex during meiosis

sequoia

zinc finger - required for specification of a subset of neurons - functions in regulating dendrite and axon development - necessary for the proper

development of tracheal branches and dendritic branches of multidendritic neurons, as well as development of the R8 cell in eye development

Serotonin receptor 1A and Serotonin receptor 1B [preferred names: 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1A and 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 1B]

seven-pass transmembrane protein, 5-HT1A promotes baseline sleep, aggression, courtship and memory formation

Serotonin receptor 2 [preferred name: 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 2A]

seven-pass transmembrane protein - coordinates germband extension movements

Serotonin receptor 7 [preferred name: 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) receptor 7]

seven-pass transmembrane protein implicated in regulation of courtship behavior, mating, olfactory learning and memory

Serotonin transporter

regulates serotonergic neurotransmission by retrieving released serotonin and replenishing vesicular stores - expressed in brain and CNS

serpent (common alternative name: dGATAb)

transcription factor - zinc finger - GATA family - plays a pivotal role in promoting morphogenesis of the anterior

and posterior midgut - necessary for embryonic fat-cell differentiation and other mesodermal

derivatives such as hemocytes and lymph gland - regulates hemopoiesis and glucose metabolism

serpentine and vermiform

polysaccharide deacetylases secreted into the apical extracellular space- converts chitin to chitosan - required to assemble

cable-like extracellular matrix and restrict tracheal tube elongation

serpin-27A

protease inhibitor functioning in the immune response - regulates melanization cascade through specific inhibition of the terminal

protease (prophenoloxidase-activating enzyme) - inhibits the serine protease Easter in dorsoventral patterning of the early embryo

Serpin77Ba

inhibits a protease cascade, involving the MP1 and MP2 proteases, that activates phenol oxidase, a key enzyme in melanin

biosynthesis - inactivation and consequent tracheal melanization induces systemic expression of the antifungal peptide gene Drosomycin

Serrate

transmembrane - EGF homolog - ligand for Notch - involved in the induction, through Notch, of the wing margin at the dorsal-ventral interface of the wing

imaginal disc - a Serrate-Notch-Canoe complex mediates essential interactions between glia and neuroepithelial cells during Drosophila optic lobe development

Serum response factor (preferred name: blistered)

transcription factor - MADS-box motif - required for vein/intervein formation in the fly wing - implicated in longer forms of memory formation

like synaptic long-term potentiation and depression - required for a working memory that lasts only for a few seconds -

acts as a boosting mechanism to sustain FGF-induced terminal branching in the tracheal system.

Sestrin

conserved proteins that accumulate in cells exposed to stress, potentiate adenosine monophosphate-activated

protein kinase (AMPK), and inhibit activation of TOR - prevents pathologies caused by chronic TOR activation

Set1

Histone-3 K4 methyltransferase - responsible for the generation of a chromatin structure at active promoters that ensures optimal

Pol II release into productive elongation

Set2

Histone 3 methyltransferase involved in dosage compensation, puparium formation and adult development

Seven in absentia

targets proteins to degradation - C3HC4 RING zinc-finger motif

seven up

transcription factor - orphan nuclear receptor - zinc finger - required for development of four of the eight photoreceptors

that develop in each ommatidium of the eye, the R3/R4 pair and the R1/R6 pair - Stem cell-intrinsic, triggers

temporal factor gradients that diversify intermediate neural progenitors in the larval brain

sevenless

transmembrane - receptor TK - required for the development of the R7 photoreceptor - Sevenless signaling from somatic cells

is required to ensure that the niche develops in the anterior region of the male embryonic gonads

Sex combs extra (common alternative name: Ring)

Polycomb group - protein ubiquitination - a member of a protein complex, termed PRC1 (Polycomb repressive complex 1) - monoubiquitylates

histone H2A, an activity thought to be crucial for repression by PRC1-type complexes

Sex combs on midleg

Polycomb group - a member of a protein complex, termed PRC1 (Polycomb repressive complex 1) - Preincubation of

nucleosomal arrays with PRC1 blocks the ability of these arrays to be remodeled by SWI/SNF - coordinates

PcG complexes and polymerizes to produce broad domains of PcG silencing

Sex combs reduced

transcription factor - homeodomain - Antp class - required for labial and first thoracic segment development - expressed in the

embryonic labial and first thoracic segments - in the absence of Scr expression the first prothoracic segment

is transformed to a second mesothoracic identity and the labial palps to maxillary

Sex lethal

RNA binding and splicing - the master regulation of sex determination in Drosophila - acts to control sex-specific gene regulation and sexual identity

in both the germline and the soma, but acts as a general regulator of X chromosome gene expression and dosage compensation only in the soma

Sex Peptide (common alternative name: Accessory gland peptide 70A)

male ejaculate accessory gland protein transferred to females during mating - decreases female receptivity and

stimulates egg production in the first mating of virgin females - decreases receptivity to mating, changes in

juvenile hormone levels, in longevity and in sperm release from storage, and in feeding, digestion, and activity

sex peptide receptor

G-protein coupled receptor - required in Fruitless plus neurons for post-mating switch in female reproductive behaviour - acts in a

small subset of internal sensory neurons that innervate the female uterus and oviduct - these neurons project

to regions of the central nervous system that have been implicated in the control of reproductive behaviors

s59 (preferred name: slouch; common alternative name nk-1)

transcription factor - homeodomain - NK-1 class - maintenance of slouch is directly involved in the control

of late aspects of muscle development, such as muscle differentiation and morphogenesis, and possibly also innervation

shaggy (common alternative name: zeste white 3)

glycogen synthase kinase - segment polarity - a key component of the β-catenin destruction complex - functions in the Wingless signaling

pathway - regulates Hedgehog ligand expression along with the N-end rule ubiquitin-protein ligase Hyperplastic discs

Shaker

Integral membrane voltage-gated potassium ion channel - carries type-A potassium current responsible for the repolarization

of the cell - regulates neurotransmitter release at the synapse - regulates sleep - neuromuscular junction

Shaker cognate b

slow delayed rectifier K⁺ channel - upregulated by light stimulation - functions in light

adaptation - regulates excitability in neurons and muscles, and transmitter release

Shaker cognate l

voltage-gated potassium channel - neuromuscular junction - regulation of action potential waveform, back-propagation and firing

frequency - eliminating Shal invokes Kruppel-dependent homeostatic rebalancing of ion channel gene expression including enhanced

slo, Shab, and Shaker - photoperiod, contributes to currents in the motoneurons - locomotion, SIDL regulates LL-motif-dependent

targeting of K(+) channels, shal and shaker, are reciprocally, transcriptionally coupled to maintain A-type channel expression

shaking B

gap junction protein - innexin - motor neuron pattern regulation - giant fiber system -Johnston's organ neurons - optic lobe

shank

neuromuscular junction - regulates synaptic bouton number and maturity - regulates a noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway

in the postsynaptic cell by modulating the internalization of the Wnt receptor Fz2

shaven (common alternative name: sparkling)

paired domain and homeodomain (partial) - Pax2, 5 and 8 homolog - Denticle formation requires transcription of sparkling,

which is under positive regulation by the Egfr pathway and negative regulation by the Wingless pathway

SHC-adaptor protein

phosphotyrosine-binding domain protein - interacts with and regulates Torso and Egfr signaling conferring specificity to receptor function

shibire

GTPase involved in scission of clathrin-coated vesicles at the synapse and other sites of vesicle invagination - dynamin-mediated endocytosis

is required for tube closure, cell intercalation, and biased apical expansion during epithelial tubulogenesis in the Drosophila ovary

shifted

ortholog of the human Wnt inhibitory factor - required for Hh stability and for lipid-modified Hh diffusion -

colocalizes with Hh in the extracellular matrix and interacts with the heparan sulfate proteoglycans

short gastrulation

chordin homolog - a Dpp antagonist involved in the determination of dorsal/ventral polarity - leads to the

subdivision of the dorsal region of the fly into amnioserosa and dorsal ectoderm

short neuropeptide F precursor

neuropeptide that engenders ERK-mediated insulin expression and thus systemically modulates growth, metabolism and lifespan

shortsighted (preferred name: bunched)

transcription factor - leucine zipper - Dpp pathway - mutation leads to a delay in differentiation and to a loss of photoreceptors -

required for a morphogenetic movement in the brain - functions in wing margin development - required for both male and female fertility

short stop

cytoskeletal cross-linker protein - expressed in the tendons and is essential for muscle-dependent tendon cell differentiation -

required for sensory and motor axons to reach their targets in the Drosophila embryo

shotgun

cadherin - regulates cell aggregation preventing mixing of cells at tissue boundaries - Neuroblast niche position is controlled by PI3-kinase

dependent DE-Cadherin adhesion - required for the maintenance of ring canals anchoring to mechanically withstand tissue growth during oogenesis

Shroom

scaffold protein - an asymmetrically localized actin- and Rho-kinase-binding protein - amplifies Rho-kinase and

myosin II - planar polarity and junctional localization downstream of Rho signaling, apical constriction, convergent extension, adherens junction

SH2 ankyrin repeat kinase (Shark)

Known as Shark kinase this signaling protein is required for dorsal closure upstream of Dpp - also required during oogenesis for dorsal-appendage morphogenesis

shrub

vacuolar sorting protein - required for Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport (ESCRT) machinery -

ESCRT III component - regulation of dendritic branching - completion of membrane abscission during female germline stem cell division

shutdown

immunophilin - FK506-binding protein domain and a tetratricopeptide repeat - essential for the normal function of the germline stem cells - a conserved

cochaperone that collaborates with Hsp90 during piRNA biogenesis, potentially at the loading step of RNAs into Piwi proteins

shuttle craft

zinc finger, C4HC3 type (PHD finger), and RD-domain protein - maternal mutants exhibit

defects in segmentation, while zygotic mutants show defects in axon guidance

Sialyltransferase

mediates sialic acid transfer onto glycan termini - expressed during embryonic development in a tissue- and stage-specific fashion,

with elevated expression in a subset of cells within the central nervous system - mutations result in significantly

decreased life span, locomotor abnormalities, temperature-sensitive paralysis, and defects of neuromuscular junctions.

sickle

novel apoptosis activator - contains an N-terminal inhibitor of apoptosis motif - partially

involved in the apoptosis of some larval neurons during metamorphosis

sidekick

Ig domain receptor - accumulates in specific synaptic layers of the developing motion detection circuit - necessary for

normal optomotor behavior - adherens junctions - tricellular junction protein - regulates vertex dynamics to promote

bicellular junction extension - necessary to maintain normal levels of cell bond tension

sidestep

Ig domain cell adhesion molecule - ligand for Beaten path Ia - axon guidance

sickie

memory suppressor gene - functions in a single dopamine neuron by supporting the process of active forgetting - controls dopamine activity

for forgetting by modulating the presynaptic AZ structure - RNAi knockdown of sickie enhances memory through effects

in dopaminergic neurons - regulates F-actin-mediated axonal growth in mushroom body neurons via

the non-canonical Rac-Cofilin pathway - required for activation of Relish in the innate immune response

SIFamide

hormone, regulation of feeding behavior and sexual behavior, brain

sightless (preferred name: rasp)

acetyltransferase acting to acylate Hedgehog or to promote other modifications or trafficking events necessary for Hedgehog

function - modifies Spitz to increase the local concentration of the ligand by restricting its diffusion

similar

bHLH-PAS domain transcription factor - a key regulator of responses to hypoxia - mediates mitochondrial retrograde signaling - regulates

lifespan extension by inhibiting c-Myc-TFAM signaling and mitochondrial biogenesis

sine oculis

transcription factor - homeodomain - Sine oculis and Eyes absent form a complex that regulates multiple steps in eye development - contributes to

both cell and tissue fate specification, promotion of cell proliferation and suppression of apoptosis

singed

fascin homolog - crosslinks actin filaments - the gnarled, kinky bristle phenotype is due to the lack of Actin filament bundles

in both large and small bristles - regulates nuclear actin during oogenesis - required for blood cell migration during embryogenesis

single-minded

transcription factor - bHLH - pas homology - required for the developmental specification of the ventral midline

Sin3A

transcriptional corepressor; component of histone deacetylase complex that affects cell cycle progression

sinuous

claudin - localizes to septate junctions and is required for junction organization and paracellular barrier function -

required fo maintenance of cardiac integrity

Sirtuin 1 (common alternative name: Sir2)

histone deacetylase required for euchromatic and heterochromatic silencing - interacts genetically and physically

with members of the Hairy/Deadpan/E(Spl) family of bHLH euchromatic repressors

Six4

homeodomain transcription factor - confers ventral mesodermal cell fate - regulates somatic cell function during gonadogenesis

skittles

1- phosphatidylinositol-4 phosphate kinase - alteration of Skittles levels results in structural defects in sensory bristles,

providing genetic evidence for the involvement of PIP5KIs in cytoskeletal regulation

skpA

component of protein degradation complex - regulates centrosome duplication, chromatin condensation, cell cycle progression and endoreduplication

skywalker

a RabGAP that activates GTPase activity of the product of Rab35 - neuromuscular junction - restricts the ability of synaptic vesicles

to fuse into a synaptic endosomal compartment - genetically interacts with components of the ESCRT and HOPS complexes

sleepless (preferred name: quiver)

an Ly-6/Neurotoxin family member - a novel potassium channel subunit that regulates levels, localization, and activity of Shaker - regulates sleep

SLC22A family member

a plasma membrane transporter - localizes in the dendrites of mushroom body neurons - terminates synaptic

transmission from cholinergic projection neurons through uptake of the released neurotransmitter acetylcholine - enhances

olfactory memory by allowing the neurotransmitter signal from projection neurons to be more persistent

slimfast

Amino acid transporter - downregulation within the fat body causes a global growth defect involving TSC/TOR signaling

in the fat body and a remote inhibition of organismal growth

slingshot

phosphatase - plays a pivotal role in actin dynamic by reactivating the actin depolymerizing factor cofilin

slipper

mixed lineage kinase - signal transduction protein conveying information about changes in cytoskeleton to the nucleus - regulates

dorsal closure - controls cell fate and cell sheet morphogenesis during embryogenesis

slit

extracellular - egf like - ligand of Roundabout - regulates axon guidance - Slit-dependent endocytic trafficking

of the Robo receptor is required for Son of Sevenless recruitment and midline axon repulsion - Dscam1 forms a

complex with Robo1 and the N-terminal fragment of Slit to promote the growth of longitudinal axons

sloppy paired 1 and 2

transcription factor - forkhead domain - has combined characteristics of a gap, pair rule and segment polarity gene - regulates embryonic

segmentation, ventral fate specification in the retina, and temporal patterning of the neuroblasts that produce medulla neurons

slouch (common alternative names: S59 and NK-1)

transcription factor - homeodomain - NK-1 class - maintenance of slouch is directly involved in the control of late aspects of muscle development,

such as muscle differentiation and morphogenesis, and possibly also innervation

slow as molasses

novel protein that is essential for polarized growth of the plasma membrane during cellularization

slow border cells

basic leucine zipper - CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homolog - slbo targets breathless and is essential

for terminal differentiation and migration of the anterior follicle cells known as border cells

slowpoke

Ca-activated, voltage-activated potassium channel that functions to modulate ion flow in presynaptic nerve terminals, including those of the neuromuscular synapse

Smad on X

Dpp signaling pathway - Smad2 and Smad3 homolog - a target of Baboon - Activin signalling is required for

ribosome biogenesis and cell growth in Drosophila salivary glands

small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel

potassium channel - negatively regulates nociception - interacts with calmodulin, which acts as a Ca²⁺ sensor - regulates synaptic excitation in the visual network -

postsynapse of the NMJ - contributes to photoreceptor performance by mediating sensitivity control at the first negatively regulates the acquisition of short-term memory

smallminded

AAA-protein family - ATPase - Mutants are defective in larval mitoses - expression of Smallminded in cells that undergo late embryonic

or larval mitosis suggests a general role in promoting mitosis

small wing

phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C gamma, Src homology 2 and 3 domain protein - a negative regulator in the pathways leading to R7 development -

mutation results in additional cells being recruited to an R7 cell fate

smaug

RNA binding protein - repressor of Nanos translation - required for cleavage-independent

maternal transcript destruction during the Drosophila MZT

smog (common alternative name; Poor gastrulation)

G-protein coupled receptor - gastrulation - deformation of mesodermal and ectodermal cells - activated by the ligand Folded gastrulation - acts along

with another GPCR, Mist, to activate the small GTPase Rho1, and the kinase Rok - regulates differential Rho1 and Myosin II activation

smoothened

seven-pass transmembrane protein - the reception and transduction of the HH signal is mediated by its receptor Patched

and by Smoothened - PTC and HH control SMO by regulating its stability, trafficking, and phosphorylation - SMO in turn interacts

directly with Fused and Costal2, which interact with each other and with Cubitus interruptus in an intracellular Hedgehog transducing complex

Smrter

SMRT-related ecdysone receptor-interacting protein - a corepressor that mediates transcriptional silencing of the Ecdysone receptor:Ultraspiracle heterodimer

smt3 (common alternative name: Sumo)

a low molecular weight protein modifier that is vital for multicellular development - over 140 SUMO conjugates have been identified in the early embryo including

Dorsal, Tramtrack, Vestigial, SoxNeuro, Medea, Mod(mdg4) and CP190 and the bi-functional tRNA charging enzyme glutamylprolyl-tRNA synthetase

Smurf1 (preferred name: lethal with a checkpoint kinase)

ubiquitin-protein ligase that regulates Decapentaplegic pathway signaling by targeting Mothers against Dpp for

degradation - the F-box protein Slimb controls dSmurf protein turnover to regulate the Hippo pathway

snail

transcription factor - zinc finger - DV polarity - a transcriptional repressor - acts to restrict neuroectoderm and neural fate in the invaginating

mesoderm - mutants display a massive derepression of mesectoderm - controls proliferation of ovarian epithelial follicle stem cells

Snakeskin

required for assembly of smooth septate junctions (sSJs) together with mesh and Tsp2A - required for maintaining intestinal stem cell homeostasis through the

regulation of aPKC and Yki activities in the Drosophila midgut - expressed in Malpighian tubule, embryonic/larval visceral muscle, gut section and primordial germ cells

snazarus

fat body - adipocyte protein - sorting nexin - phospholipid-binding protein - associates with peripheral lipid droplets and

regulates lipid droplet homeostasis at endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane contact sites - controls lifespan

sneaky

transmembrane acrosomal protein involved in sperm plasma membrane breakdown; required for sperm activation in the egg cytoplasm

SNF1A/AMP-activated protein kinase

adenosine 5'monophosphate-activated kinase - cellular energy sensor - coordinates epithelial polarity and proliferation with cellular energy status

snf5-related 1 (common alternative name: snr1)

a component of the Swi/Snf complex (Brahma complex) in Drosophila - suppresses mutations in Polycomb complex genes - a tumor suppressor in imaginal tissues

Sno oncogene

mediator of Baboon signaling - antagonizes Dpp signaling - physically interacts with Medea - inhibits growth when overexpressed - belongs

to the highly conserved Sno/Ski family of Smad binding proteins - Medea and switches its affinity

from Mad to Smox, resulting in antagonism of dpp and facilitation of Activin signaling

sol narae

a member of A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease with ThromboSpondin motif (ADAMTS) family - positively regulates Wingless

signaling by promoting Wg secretion - activates a subset of Wg signaling whose major function is the regulation

of cell proliferation - a mutually positive genetic interaction exists between ana3 and sona - wing discs

Son of sevenless

a dual specificity GEF that regulates both Ras and Rho family GTPases - integrates signals that affect gene expression and cytoskeletal

reorganization - Slit-dependent endocytic trafficking of the Robo receptor is required for Son of Sevenless recruitment and midline axon repulsion

Sox box protein 15

HMG-domain protein - SOX-domain protein - under the control of the canonical wingless pathway such that

wg and Sox15 regulate each other's transcription through a feedback loop that results in proliferation of wing hinge cells

Sox box protein 70D ( common alternative name: Dichaete or fish-hook)

HMG-domain protein - SOX-domain protein - implicated in the regulation of pair-rule genes and later functions in

wing morphogenesis - roles include hindgut development, embryonic segmentation, and nervous system development.

SoxNeuro

HMG1/2 (high mobility group) box transcription factor - essential for the formation of neural progenitor cells in the central

nervous system - SoxNeuro and shavenbaby act cooperatively to shape denticles in the embryonic epidermis of Drosophila

Sox21a

essential for enterocyte differentiation from enteroblast in the midgut - involved in feedback amplification loop that leads to rapid production from

intestinal stem cells of differentiation-defective enteroblasts and subsequent tumorigenesis - Sox100B directly regulates Sox21a to

promote differentiation - Sox21a and GATAe form a functional relay to orchestrate EB differentiation - genetic interaction

between peroxisomes and the JAK and STAT signaling restores the expression defect of Sox21a in peroxisome defective cells

Sox100b

a critical regulator of adult intestinal stem cell differentiation - required for differentiation of enteroblast progenitors into absorptive enterocytes - depletion inhibits

ISC proliferation via cell cycle arrest, while overexpression inhibits ISC proliferation by directly suppressing EGFR expression - testes differentiation

Sox102F

(common alternative name: SoxD) HMG-domain protein - SOX-domain transcription factor - optic lobe - olfactory perception - neuromuscular

junction - axon guidance, adult courtship behavior - wing - heart

Sp1

zinc finger transcription factor - master regulator of both wing and leg development - modifies leg-to-wing transdetermination in Drosophila

spaghetti squash

EF-hand, calcium binding motif protein that serves as the regulatory light chain of nonmuscle myosin II

spalt

transcription factor - zinc finger - PRDII-BF1 homolog - a target of Dpp signaling - Spalt and Spalt-related regulate

the vein-specific expression of knirps and and the iroquois gene complex,

delimiting their domains of expression in the wing pouch

Sparc (preferred name: BM-40-SPARC)

basement membrane component required for basal lamina maturation and condensation of the ventral nerve cord

Spargel

transcriptional coactivator - required for the expression of multiple genes encoding mitochondrial proteins - mediates mitochondrial activity,

cell growth and transcription of target genes in response to insulin signalling

spastin

AAA (ATPase Associated with diverse cellular Activities) family member - regulates microtubule stability -

mutants show defects in synaptic growth and neurotransmission

spätzle

secreted - ligand for Toll - the Easter protease is likely to be the direct proteolytic activator of Spätzle

spatzle 5

neurotrophin - a ligand for the Toll-related receptors - acts as Toll-6 and Toll-7 ligands

in the promotion of motor axon targeting and neuronal survival in CNS - involved in synaptic

targeting in the development of specific neurons at the neuromuscular junction - secreted from

fat body to facilitates the elimination of scrib clones by binding to Toll-6

alpha Spectrin

cytoskeletal protein - structural and docking protein - acts together with integrins to regulate actomyosin and columnarization, and to maintain a mono-layered follicular epithelium

spenito

mRNA-binding factor - m(6)A methyltransferase complex component - sex determination - fat body - counteracts Split ends

function in fat regulation - stimulates axon outgrowth during neurosecretory cell remodeling - promotes Wingless signaling

spichthyin

regulation of growth of the neuromuscular junction presynaptically by inhibition of BMP/TGF-β signaling - CNS - muscle - plasma membrane to endosome traffic

Spindle assembly abnormal 6

cytoskeleton - centriole assembly - cartwheel component have an underappreciated role in basal body

spindle defective 2

recruitment of pericentriolar material to sperm centrioles after fertilization

spindle E

DE-H family of RNA-dependent ATPases - possible roles during oocyte development in RNA processing, transport, or stabilization -

required to maintain Aub and AGO3 protein levels for piRNA silencing in the Drosophila germline

Spindly

spindle assembly checkpoint - regulator of mitotic dynein

spineless (also known as spineless-aristapedia)

bHLH PAS domain transcription factor - plays a central role in defining the distal regions of both the antenna and leg

Spinophilin

Scaffolding protein - Neurexin/Neuroligin signalling - control of synaptic active zone number and functionality, a Protein-phosphatase 1 (PP1) targeting protein

spinster

conserved transmembrane protein expressed in glia - mutants exhibit increased neural survival and altered sexual behavior - a putative lysosomal efflux permease

with the hallmarks of a sugar transporter - essential for mTOR reactivation and lysosome reformation following prolonged starvation

spire

Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) homology domain 2 (WH2) family - a maternal effect locus that affects both the dorsal-ventral

and anterior-posterior axes of the Drosophila egg and embryo - required for localization of determinants within the developing oocyte

spitz

ligand for Epidermal growth factor receptor - Egf/Tgf alpha homolog - required for the differentiation of all ommatidial cell types, with the exception of R8 -

Spi is found on retinal axons that project into the lamina; this transported Spitz is required for lamina cartridge neuron differentiation

split ends

codes for RRM motif RNA-binding protein - mutants have defects in Notch and Egf receptor signaling resulting defects in cell-fate

and in axon guidance - large and small SPEN family proteins stimulate axon outgrowth during neurosecretory cell remodeling

spn-F (common alternative name: Spindle-F)

an adaptor linking IKKε to cytoplasmic dynein - regulation of cytoskeleton organization - bristle cell elongation -

central mediator of dendrite pruning in sensory neurons - regulation of oocyte polarity

sponge

member of the Dedicator of cytokinesis (DOCK) scaffolding family - regulates actin filament polymerization and/or depolymerization and are

GEF proteins, which contribute to cellular signaling events by activating small G proteins - a Drosophila counterpart to mammalian DOCK3/DOCK4 -

plays a role in embryonic cellularization, central nervous system development, R7 photoreceptor cell differentiation, and adult thorax development

spotted dick (preferred name: pita)

zinc finger transcription factor that serves as an activator of expression of a set of genes required for initiation of DNA replication

sprouty

membrane associated or secreted antagonist of FGF signaling - functions during tracheal development - mutant follicle-cell clones

demonstrates an essential role for Sprouty in restricting Egfr activation throughout oogenesis

Spt5

DSIF, composed of Spt4 and Spt5, establishes the pause in transcription by recruiting NELF to the elongation complex - physically

interacts with MYC oncoprotein and is essential for efficient transcriptional activation of MYC targets in cultured cells - Integrator-bound

PP2A dephosphorylates the RNA Pol II C-terminal domain and Spt5, preventing the< transition to productive elongation - Pho interacts with Spt5 to facilitate

transcriptional switches at the hsp70 locus - interacts directly with MSL1 and is required downstream of MSL complex for dosage compensation

Spt6

transcription elongation factor implicated in RNA processing and degradation of improperly processed pre-mRNA

squeeze

zinc finger transcription factor - regulates neuropeptidergic cellular identity and FMRFamide expression

squid

RNA-binding protein, hnRNP D homolog - Gurken mRNA localization and translation are coupled by an interaction between Sqd and

the translational repressor protein Bruno - Squid promotes apical cytoplasmic transport and localization of Fushi tarazu transcripts

Src oncogene at 42A

Src homolog - a protein tyrosine kinase with SH3 and SH2 domains - essential for cell-cell matching during dorsal closure -

involved in adherins junction stabilization

Src oncogene at 64B

Src homolog: a protein tyrosine kinase with SH3 and SH2 domains - plays a role in ring canal morphogenesis during oogenesis and the male

germline, microfilament ring constriction during cellularization, and modulation of growth and apoptosis. Some of its roles overlap with those of Src42A.

S6K (preferred name: Ribosomal protein S6 kinase)

signaling - regulates growth response - targets ribosomal protein S6 - a target of the TOR pathway - essential for Myc-dependent rDNA transcription

Star

type II transmembrane protein - Rhomboid and Star facilitate Egfr signaling by processing membrane-bound Spitz to an

active, soluble form - facilitates trafficking of transmembrane EGFR ligands from the endoplasmic

reticulum to the late secretory compartment - growth regulation, cell survival and developmental patterning

stardust

membrane-associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) protein - codes for a regulatory component of the subapical complex of cellular junctions - crucial

in the control of epithelial cell polarity and the organization of zonula adherens

starry night (common alternative name: flamingo)

Cadherin-related 7TM protein involved in tissue polarity - epithelial microRNA-9a

regulates dendrite growth through Fmi-Gq signaling in Drosophila sensory neurons

STAT (common alternative name: marelle)

transcription factor - cytoplasmic signal transducing protein - regulates the even-skipped stripe 3 promoter and the pair rule gene runt -

central to the establishment of planar polarity during Drosophila eye development

staufen

Double stranded RNA binding protein - required for the localization of multiple mRNA species during oogenesis and zygotic development -

direct binding of Staufen to Bicoid and Prospero mRNAs is a requirement for their subcellular distribution -

as a posterior group protein Staufen required for the localization of Oskar mRNA to the posterior pole of the oocyte

steamer-duck

LIM-only protein (PINCH) that is required for integrin-dependent cell adhesion - physically interacts with Integrin-linked kinase and the adaptor protein Icarus

Stellate

ß subunit of Casein kinase II - a normally inactive gene which, when active, leads to male sterility - a target of post-transcriptional gene regulation

stem cell tumor (also known as rhomboid-2)

Rhomboid-related transmembrane protein - serine-type protease - activates the oocyte-specific Gurken ligand and

thereby participate in defining posterior cell fates in the early follicular epithelium

Stem-loop binding protein

required for replication-dependent histone mRNA metabolism - 3' end cleavage of replication-dependent histone pre-mRNAs - promotes a structural rearrangement of the

catalytically active U7-dependent processing complex, resulting in juxtaposition of an endonuclease with the cleavage site in the pre-mRNA substrate - oogenesis

steppke

a cytohesin Arf-guanine nucleotide exchange factor that promotes local endocytic

events - regulates membrane dynamics in cellularization and insulin and Egf receptor signaling

Sterile alpha and Armadillo motif

NAD(+) hydrolase activity - required for activation of an injury-induced axon death pathway - Axundead is a mediator of axon death

downstream of Sarm - required cell autonomously for these changes in neuronal cell biology in bystander neurons following axotomy

Sterile20-like kinase

links actin and microtubule filaments at the plasma membrane to regulate cell morphogenesis - crucial for proper talin recruitment and maintenance

of muscle attachment - phosphorylates and activates Moesin in developing epithelial tissues - p-Moesin asymmetric distribution is determined by components

of the apical polarity complex and Slik kinase - Slik promotes epithelial cell proliferation and tissue growth - Slik is necessary for the activation

of Moesin at the tracheal luminal membrane - Slik co-regulates Merlin or Moesin activity whereby phosphorylation inactivates Merlin, but activates Moesin

Sterol regulatory element-binding protein

bHLH-leucine zipper transcription factor - membrane bound HLH106 is released by phosphatidylethanolamine, exerting feedback control

on the synthesis of fatty acids and phospholipids - cleavage by Drice releases an SREBP fragment to travel to the nucleus

where it mediates the increased transcription of target genes needed for lipid synthesis and uptake

sticks and stones

single pass transmembrane protein expressed on the surface of fusion competent myoblasts - essential for fusion of embryonic myoblasts - contributes

to formation and function of the nephrocyte diaphragm and cell sorting within the developing ommatidia

sticky (alternative name: citron)

Rho effector kinase functioning downstream of pebble - required for cytokinesis

still life

Drosophila ortholog of TIAM1 - a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho family GTPases - localized to

periactive zone of presynaptic terminals in both the central nervous system and neuromuscular junction - regulates

synaptic growth at NMJs - a model for pathogenic TIAM-1 in mutation in humans - Loss of function reduces

the survival rate, and the surviving adults exhibit climbing defects, are prone to severe seizures, and have a short lifespan

Sting

sensor of cyclic dinucleotides - innate immune response, viral and bacterial immunity, immune deficiency (IMD) pathway, flies with STING

deletion are sensitive to starvation and oxidative stress, have reduced lipid storage and downregulated expression of lipid metabolism genes

stoned A and stoned B

a dicistronic locus encoding two proteins involved in synaptic vesicle recycling

strabismus (preferred name: Van Gogh)

novel transmembrane protein - a tissue polarity gene - mutants show a disrupted orientation of ommatidia - Frizzled-induced

Van Gogh phosphorylation by CK1epsilon promotes asymmetric localization of core PCP factors in Drosophila

stranded at second

Sas and the receptor-type tyrosine phosphatase PTP10D function as the cell-surface ligand-receptor system that drives tumour-suppressive cell competition - trans-activation

of Sas-PTP10D signalling in loser cells restrains EGFR signalling cell elimination and thereby enables elevated JNK signalling in loser cells, triggering

cell elimination - expression of Sas in neurons and glia and Ptp10D expressed on longitudinal axons are required to prevent axons from abnormally crossing the midline

stratum

RabGEF - basal restriction of basement membrane proteins - establishment and maintenance of epithelial cell polarity - polarized ovarian follicular epithelium

Striatin interacting protein

a component of the striatin-interacting phosphatase and kinase (STRIPAK) complex that regulates axon elongation, cytoskeletal stability,

and cell signaling - required to ensure the proper development of synaptic boutons at the Drosophila neuromuscular junction - a molecular

platform for the early endosome organization that has important roles in neuronal morphogenesis - negatively regulates the Hippo and clock pathways

Strawberry notch

nuclear protein in the Notch pathway - An EGFR/Ebi/Sno pathway promotes delta expression

by inactivating Su(H)/SMRTER repression during inductive Notch signaling.

string

protein tyrosine phosphatase - activates cyclin dependent kinase causing mitotic entry - the switch-like entry into mitosis

observed in the Drosophila embryo during the 14th mitotic cycle is timed by the dynamics of Cdc25(String) accumulation

stripe

transcription factor - zinc finger - involved muscle development - induces the fate of tendon cells in the embryo as well as in the adult fly - works

upstream of tendon specific genes including Thrombospondin, the Efg-like domain protein Slowdown and Leucine-rich tendon-specific protein.

Stromalin

component of cohesin ring complex - regulates meiotic sister chromatid cohesion - important for chromosome

condensation, DNA repair, and gene expression - negative regulator of synaptic vesicle pool size in dopamine neurons

Stromalin 2 cohesin subunit - helps achieves sister chromatid conjunction during the achiasmate male meiosis of Drosophila melanogaster binds tightly

to the C-terminal region of UNO male meiosis is dependent on dedicated proteins Stromalin 2, UNO (univalents only) and MNM, together referred to as SUM, that maintain conjunction between homologous chromosomes - to permit homolog separation during

anaphase I, SUM is dissociated by separase, since UNO, the α-kleisin-related protein, includes a separase cleavage site

Stromal interaction molecule

ER-Ca2+ sensor required for store-operated Ca2+ entry - dimerizes and undergoes structural rearrangements facilitating binding Orai - regulates

the release of neuropeptides - regulates lipid mobilization in response to Adipokinetic hormone and insulin signaling in fat body - regulates

synaptic release from pupal dopaminergic neurons allowing for sustained flight

Structural maintenance of chromosomes 1

ATPase that heterodimerizes with the product of SMC3 to interact with the products of Vtd and Stromalin to form the cohesin ring complex - stabilizes meiotic homolog

pairing - facilitates enhancer-promoter communication and regulates activity of the Polycomb repressive complex 1 at silenced and active genes

Structure specific recognition protein

transcription factor - along with Dre4 forms a protein complex, FACT,

that facilates GAGA factor directed chromatin remodeling

stumble

surface transmembrane protein involved in transduction of mechanical stimuli in proprioceptive neurons - transduces dendrite stretching into cellular responses

stumps (common alternative name: heartbroken)

novel signal transduction protein functioning downstream of two FGF receptors -

mutations are associated with defects in the migration and later specification of mesodermal and tracheal cells wg

via stabilization of the negative elongation factor complex - promotes anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome function during cell cycle exit -

acts to generate neuroblast cortical polarity - acts to prevent phenotypic variation

stunted

a circulating insulinotropic peptide produced by fat cells - modulates physiological insulin levels in response to nutrients

ε-subunit of mitochondrial ATP synthase - required for normal spindle orientation during embryonic divisions

stuxnet

controls the homeostasis of Polycomb protein via proteasomal degradation through an ubiquitin-independent

pathway - modulates octopamine effect on sleep through a Stuxnet-Polycomb-Octbeta2R cascade

subdued

a calcium-activated chloride channel of the anoctamin family - moonlighting (multifunctional protein) protein - translocation of phospholipids between the two monolayers

of a lipid bilayer of a cell membrane - nonselective ion channel activity - expression in the renal tubule is implicated in bacterial immunity - expressed in the epithelial

cells of the oviduct and in the spermathecal secretory cells that play a role in sperm storage and its release into the uterus - female sterility observed in mutant flies

might be due to a failure to release either egg or sperm from the ovary or spermatica, respectively - functions in conjunction with the thermo-TRPs in thermal nociception

subito

kinesin-6 homolog - bundles antiparallel microtubules - required for cytokinesis

in mitosis and spindle organization and chromosome segregation in female meiosis

Sumo (preferred name: smt3)

a low molecular weight protein modifier that is vital for multicellular development - over 140 SUMO conjugates have

been identified in the early embryo including Dorsal, Tramtrack, Vestigial, SoxNeuro, Medea, Mod(mdg4) and CP190 and

the bi-functional tRNA charging enzyme glutamylprolyl-tRNA synthetase

sunspot

zinc finger transcription factor that interacts with Armadillo - acts downstream of wingless to positively regulate the proliferation

of imaginal disc cells and the endoreplication of salivary gland cells - activates E2F-1 and PCNA expression

super sex combs (common alternative name: O-GlcNAc transferase)

enzyme and polycomb factor - induces Hipk-mediated tumor-like growth proteasomal degradation - Hipk is

O-GlcNAcylated by OGT - cooperates with N-glycanase to regulate proliferation in intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and apoptosis in

differentiated enterocytes - controls of synaptic size and synaptic bouton number at the neuromuscular junction - part of a

clock-regulated buffering mechanism that prevent excessive O-GlcNAcylation at non-optimal times of the day-night cycle - O-GlcNAcylation of

TDP-43 suppresses ALS-associated proteinopathies and promotes TDP-43's splicing function - plays a role in

habituation learning - O-GlcNAcylation is needed for Polyhomeotic to form functional, ordered assemblies

supernumerary limbs

beta-transducin family Trp-Asp repeats family - subunit of a multi-protein complex that targets proteins for degradation by

the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway - an important regulator of Wingless, Hedgehog and Dorsal pathways

Suppressor of bithorax

major subunit of nucleosome remodeling factor (nurf) - multiple domain protein with HMGI/Y and bromodomain motifs - interacts physically

and functionally with the TRF2/DREF basal transcription factor to organize nucleosomes downstream of active promoters

Suppressor of cytokine signaling at 36E

inhibitor of JAK/STAT pathway, works vie a protein degradation pathway, cooperates with EGFR to regulate oncogenic transformation,

optimizes motile cell specification in the ovary, regulator of niche competition in the testis, regulated by Histone demethylase

Suppressor of fused

novel protein with PEST sequence - inhibits Hedgehog signaling pathway - forms a complex with the transcription factor Cubitus interruptus to inhibit its activity.

Suppressor of Hairless

transcription factor - integrase domain - Notch pathway - Notch intracellular domain associates with Su(H) and Mastermind, a transcriptional coactivator - operates

as molecular switch on Notch target genes: within activator complexes, including intracellular Notch, or within repressor complexes, including the antagonist Hairless

suppressor of Hairy wing

transcription factor - zinc finger - insulator protein - blocks enhancer-promoter interactions - required for proper ring canal development during oogenesis

Suppressor of profilin 2 (preferred name: Actin-related protein 2/3 complex, subunit 1)

A component of the Arp2/3 complex - involved in catalyzing actin filament nucleation - essential to cap expansion and pseudocleavage furrow during cellularization -

required for ring canal expansion during oogenesis

Suppressor of Under-Replication

SNF2-domain protein - inhibits replication fork progression to promote DNA underreplication - binds to H1

which is required for SuUR binding to chromatin in vivo - interacts with Rif1 which has a direct role in copy number control

Suppressor of variegation 2-10

SUMO E3 ligase - promotes the efficiency of SUMOylation - links the piRNA-guided target recognition complex to the silencing effector by binding

the piRNA/Piwi complex and inducing SUMO-dependent recruitment of the SetDB1 (Eggless)/Wde histone methyltransferase effector - chromatin modification

Suppressor of variegation 3-3

homolog of the human LSD1 amine oxidase - demethylates H3K4me2 and H3K4me1 and facilitates subsequent H3K9 methylation by SU(VAR)3-9 -

dictates the distinction between euchromatic and heterochromatic domains during early embryogenesis

Suppressor of variegation 3-7

chromatin constituent - C2H2 zinc finger protein - required for X-restricted dosage compensation complex targeting - increasing

the amount of Su(var)3-7 triggers heterochromatin expansion and epigenetic gene silencing.

Suppressor of variegation 3-9

involved in gene silencing - a modifier of position effect variegation - methylates histone H3 thus providing a mark for the association of HP1 to heterochromatin

Suppressor of variegation 205 (common alternative name: heterochromatin protein 1 or HP1)

chromodomain - Polycomb group - chromatin associated protein - required both for activation of heterochromatic genes and silencing of euchromatic genes

Suppressor two of zeste

transcription factor - zinc finger - ring motif - chromatin associated protein - Su(Z)2 and Psc proteins co-localize to and silence

many of the same chromosomal loci acted upon by other Pc-G proteins, suggesting that Pc-G proteins function in a multi-protein complex to maintain gene silencing

survival motor neuron

RNA binding protein involved, along with Gemins, in the assembly of the small nuclear ribonucleoproteins that constitute the spliceosome -

neuromuscular junction protein required in both neurons and muscle for normal junctional morphology

Survivin (preferred name: Deterin)

component of the chromosomal passenger complex that regulates chromosome condensation,

interaction between kinetochores and microtubules, spindle organization, cytokinesis, and apoptosis

Su(Tpl) (common alternative name: ELL)

occludin homology domain protein - a Pol II elongation factor capable of stimulating the rate of transcription

Su(z)12

Polycomb group -histone methyltransferase activity - constituent of polycomb PRC2 complex - functions in

nucleosome binding of Drosophila PRC2 - essential for tri-methylation of the lysine 27 residue of histone H3

Syd-1 (preferred name: Rho GTPase activating protein at 100F)

master organizer of active zone assembly, regulates pre- and postsynaptic maturation, neuromuscular junction

Synapsin

a vescular protein that participates in the regulation of neurotransmitter release - interacts with the cytoskeleton to regulate the number

of synaptic vesicles available for release via exocytosis - promotes vesicle reuptake and reserve pool formation upon intense stimulation

Synaptobrevin

non-neuronal synaptobrevin - SNARE protein - part of the cellular machinery required for the fusion of constitutive secretory vesicles with the

plasma membrane - SNARE-mediated membrane trafficking is an important component of wing margin development - expressed in the gut and Malpighian tubules

Synaptosomal-associated protein 25kDa (common alternative name: Snap-25)

target-Snare (t-Snare) protein - one part of the four helix bundle of proteins referred to as SNAPs invoved in synaptic vesicle priming -

required for vesicle docking at the presynapse - a part of the neuroexocytosis machinery

Synaptosomal-associated protein 29kDa (Common alternative name: Snap29) required for protein trafficking and for proper Golgi apparatus morphology - promotes kinetochore assembly

during mitosis - Snap29 mutant imaginal discs exhibit impairment of a late step of autophagy

synaptotagmin

calcium sensor in synaptic vesicle fusion - functions during exocytosis - functions as the fast calcium sensor for neurotransmitter release at synapses

Synaptotagmin 4

a postsynaptic Ca2+ sensor acting at the neuromuscular junction to release retrograde signals that stimulate enhanced presynaptic function -

acts throught activation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathway

synaptotagmin 7

neuromuscular junction - a calcium sensor that suppresses vesicle release - loss of Syt7

converts the normally observed synaptic facilitation response during repetitive stimulation into synaptic depression

Syncrip

mRNA binding protein that regulates localized translation during synaptic plasticity in the neuromuscular junction - regulates synaptic

output through regulation of retrograde BMP signaling - regulates of localized transcripts during axis specification

Syndapin

F-BAR-domain containing protein that regulates cellularization, membrane tubulation, Clathrin-mediated and bulk endocytosis, formation of subsynaptic reticulum and F-actin stability, contributes to coupling the plasma membrane and contractile ring in cytokinesis

Syndecan

a heparan sulfate proteoglycan - a necessary component of Slit/Robo signaling required in Slit target cells - a crucial regulator of synapse development and growth

Syntaxin 1A

vesicular docking protein - a t-SNARE - involved in docking and fusion of neurotransmitter-filled vesicles with the presynaptic membrane to release neurotransmitter

into the synaptic cleft - organized in nanoclusters that are critical for the docking and priming of secretory vesicles from neurosecretory cells

Syntaxin 4

postsynaptic t-SNARE that regulates retrograde signaling - negatively regulates presynaptic neurotransmitter

release through a retrograde signaling mechanism - regulates synaptic growth and plasticity

Syntaxin 5

a Golgi-localized SNARE protein - required for ER-Golgi traffic and Golgi reassembly following cell division - required for steps leading to formation of mature sperm

Syntaxin 18 (common alternative name: Gtaxin)

Discs-Large-interacting t-SNARE, postsynaptic in type I synapses, Akt influences subsynaptic reticulum (SSR) assembly by regulation of Syt18

T

Tace

an active metalloprotease - causes the shedding of cell surface proteins including the Drosophila TNF homologue Eiger - cleaves Fra to

regulate midline crossing of commissural axons - ADAM17, TNF and the TNF receptor acts in pigmented glial cells of the Drosophila retina - mutation

leads to age-related degeneration of both glia and neurons, preceded by an abnormal accumulation of glial lipid droplets - cleaves Neuroligin3

at its extracellular acetylcholinesterase-like domain to generate the N-terminal fragment essential for maintaining proper locomotor activity - active

in fat body allowing the cleavage and release of adipose Eiger into the hemolymph - in the brain IPCs, Eiger activates its receptor Grindelwald,

leading to JNK-dependent inhibition of insulin production - activates Notch in a ligand-independent manner - targets Delta

Tachykinin

a secreted neuropeptide that regulates aggression, response to metabolic stress, and insulin-producing cells

Tachykinin-like receptor at 99D

G-protein coupled receptor activated by tachykinin-related peptides - regulates stress induced insulin production

and signaling in renal tubules, insulin-producing cells in the adult brain, and presynaptic suppression and

olfactory behaviors in the antennal lobe of the brain

Tafazzin

an enzyme in the cardiolipin remodeling pathway that catalyzes the incorporation of an acyl group into lipid acceptors -

modifies lipid composition of mitochondrial inner membranes - regulates spermatogenesis - serves as a Drosophila model for Barth syndrome

tailless

transcription factor - nuclear receptor - zinc finger - regulates neuronal sub-type identity, including motor, serotonergic

and dopaminergic neuron identity - required for efficient proliferation and prolonged maintenance of mushroom

body progenitors in the Drosophila brain - regulates germ band retraction, dorsal closure, muscle and heart development.

tailup (common alternative name: islet)

transcription factor - homeodomain and LIM domain - required in combination with other transcription factors for serotonergic and dopaminergic neuron identity

taiman

steroid hormone receptor coactivator - required for border cell migration during oogenesis - links

Yorkie to transcriptional control of germline stem cell factors in somatic tissue

takeout

secreted ligand-binding protein - A takeout mutant has aberrant locomotor activity and dies rapidly in response to starvation,

indicating a link between locomotor activity, survival, and food status

Talin

(preferred name: Rhea) essential for integrin function - crosslinks extracellular matrix-linked integrins to the cytoskeleton - represses

E-cadherin Shotgun transcription in follicle cells independently of integrins

tan

hydrolase - abdominal pigmentation - hydrolysis of N-β-alanyl dopamine to dopamine during cuticular melanization -

hydrolysis of carcinine to histamine in the metabolism of photoreceptor neurotransmitter

tango

Myc-type, helix loop helix and PAS family protein - Tango heterodimerizes with two transcription factors, Trachealess and Single minded,

to regulate transcription in the trachea and central midline, respectively

tankyrase

a positive regulator in the JNK signaling pathway - initiates degradation-independent ubiquitination on two lysine residues of JNK to

promote its kinase activity and in vivo functions - Proteolysis of TNKS substrates is mediated through their ubiquitination by the

poly-ADP-ribose (pADPr)-dependent RING-domain E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF146/Iduna - mediates proteolysis of Axin - downregulation of tankyrase

reduces TDP-43 accumulation in the cytoplasm and potently mitigates neurodegeneration - Wingless pathway activation is promoted

by a critical threshold of Axin maintained by the tumor suppressor APC and the ADP-ribose polymerase Tankyrase

Tao

Sterile 20 family kinase - a component of the Hippo pathway - restricts cell proliferation in imaginal discs -

controls of epithelial morphogenesis by promoting Fasciclin 2 endocytosis - negative regulator of microtubule

plus-end growth - regulation of apoptosis in pole cells

taranis

a novel trithorax group member potentially linked to the cell cycle regulatory apparatus, required for normal sleep patterns, protects regenerating tissue

from fate changes induced by the wound response, determinant of larval type I lineage-specific neural progenitor proliferation patterns, apparatus

TAR DNA-binding protein-43 homolog

RNA-binding protein - regulation of synaptic efficacy and motor control - regulation of Futsch activity

at the neuromuscular junction - regulation of the robustness of neuronal specification through microRNA-9a -

a model for Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), often referred to as Lou Gehrig's Disease

target of Pox-n

bHLH transcription factor - Neurogenin/NeuroD homolog - a neural differentiation gene,
acting later in the hierarchy of gene activation than

the proneural genes - functionally interacts with the Wnt-PCP pathway to regulate neuronal extension and guidance.

Target of rapamycin

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase - involved in perception of nutrient status -
pivotal member of the TOR pathway involved in regulation of growth and cell proliferation

tarsal-less

codes for short encoded peptides that convert Shavenbaby from a transcriptional repressor to an activator

via the truncation of its N-terminal region, polycistronic message, epidermal differentiation, spatial pattern of trichomes, legs, trachea

tartan

Leucine-rich repeat transmembrane protein - along with Capricious, contributes to the adhesive properties of the cells

in the morphogenetic furrow, thus regulating control of spacing ommatidial clusters - regulates boundary formation in the leg and wing -

regulates tracheal branching

TATA binding protein

general transcription factor - component of TFIID - activates TATA-dependent transcription and represses DPE-dependent transcription

TATA box binding protein-related factor 2

differentially recognizes and regulates a subset of TATA-less promoters

tau

microtubule-associated protein - delivery of synaptic proteins - vesicular axonal transport - a target for PAR-1

in dendritic pruning - Dendrite severing - regulation of photoreceptor development and progressive neuronal degeneration

TBP-associated factor 1

component of the conserved general transcription factor TFIID - kinase and histone transacetylase activities - regulates transcription

by binding the initiator element at transcription start sites and binding acetylated histones via its bromodomains

Tbp-related factor

general transcription factor - cell type specific TATA-binding protein - ubiquitiously expressed but upregulated in the CNS

and the gonads - the majority of Trf substitutes for Tbp in Pol III transcription in complex with Brf - the rest of Trf initiates

transcription of a small subset of PolII-transcribed genes regulating fly fertility and nervous system function

teashirt

transcription factor - zinc finger - required globally for segmental identity throughout the entire trunk - required for identity of the anterior prothorax -

required for the subdivision of midgut mesoderm acting in partnership with the homeotics - Restricted

teashirt expression confers eye-specific responsiveness to Dpp and Wg signals during eye specification

Tec29 (preferred name name: Btk family kinase at 29A)

protein-tyrosine kinase - necessary for maintaining the equilibrium between monomeric actin and filamentous actin during invagination of the

salivary placodes - functions during oogenesis as a key downstream effector of Src64 during ring canal growth - targets β-catenin,

which functions downstream of Wnt4 in escort cells to terminate Drosophila germ cell proliferation through up-regulation of piwi expression

teflon

zinc finger transcription factor - required in males for the maintenance of pairing between homologs at meiosis - required for the localization of the product of mod(mdg4) to paired autosomal bivalents - promotes alternative homolog conjunction during male meiosis without being part of the final physical linkage between chromosomes

teiresias

Ig superfamily transmembrane protein - sex determination - feminizing function, interacts with other Ig superfamily transmembrane proteins, including

Robo1, to feminize the neurite patterns in females - FruBM represses tei transcription in males - axon guidance, - brain and ventral cord

tejas

functions as a core component that recruits Vasa (Vas) and Spindle-E (Spn-E) into nuage granules through

distinct motifs, thereby assembling nuage and engaging precursors for further processing in the piRNA pathway

telomere fusion (common alternative name: ATM)

Phosphatidylinositol 3- and 4-kinase - serves as Drosophila's ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated) - plays a conserved and essential role

in the maintenance of normal telomeres and chromosome stability

Tenascin accessory

transmembrane partner of Tenascin major acting in synapse assembly at the neuromuscular junction - synaptic partner matching in olfactory system -

regulates fusion of central complex primordia and eye patterning

Tenascin major

transmembrane protein that acts together with the filamin Cheerio to influence growth cone progression - acts in projection neurons autonomously to regulate
acetylcholine receptor cluster number and transsynaptically to regulate olfactory receptor neuron active zone number

tenectin

extracellular matrix - neuromuscular junction - synaptic cleft - presynapse - postsynapse - integrin ligand - wing morphogenesis - male genital looping - diameter expansion of the hindgut tube

terribly reduced optic lobes

extracellular matrix component - homolog of perlecan - regulates larval neuroblast division by modulating both FGF and Hedgehog signaling

Ter94 (common alternative name: Valosin Containing Protein or VCP)

AAA family ATPase, CDC48 subfamily - modulation of proteolytic degradation - Hedgehog pathway -Wingless pathway - dendritic pruning -

motor neuron degeneration - ER stress response - maintenance of paternal chromosome integrity in the Drosophila zygote

Tie-like receptor tyrosine kinase

anti-apoptotic receptor for Pvf1 - bystander effect - resistance to ionizing radiation - guidance receptor for border cells

TGF-ß activated kinase 1

is a MAP kinase kinase kinase required for morphogenetic changes that take place during the fusion of the epithelial wing disc cell

layers (thoracic closure), acting in the context of JNK signaling - required for Relish cleavage and antibacterial immunity - functions

downstream of imd, Fadd and Diap2 and upstream of the IKK complex in the Imd pathway

THADA

negative regulation of lipid storage - negative regulation of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion concentration - adaptive thermogenesis - negative

regulation of calcium-transporting ATPase activity - binds the sarco/ER Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) and acts on it as an uncoupler

thickveins

receptor of Decapentaplegic - Wnt ligands regulate Tkv expression to constrain Dpp activity in the Drosophila ovarian stem cell niche -

loss of Neurexin and Neuroligin leads to decreased levels of the BMP co-receptor, Thickveins and the downstream effector phosphorylated

Mad at the neuromuscular junction synapses - S6 kinase like inhibits neuromuscular junction growth by downregulating the BMP receptor thickveins

thin (common alternative name: Trim-32)

E3 ligase activity - myofibril assembly and stability, maintenance of glycolytic flux mediated by biochemical interactions with the glycolytic

enzymes - a Drosophila model for Limb Girdle Muscular Dystrophy type 2H required for cell death in the Drosophila abdominal muscles by targeting DIAP1

thisbe and pyramus

FGFs involved in mesodermal development - ligands for Heartless - Thisbe, released from olfactory neurons, particularly from

local interneurons, instructs ensheathing glia to wrap each glomerulus

thoc5

a component of the conserved THO/TREX (transcription/export) complex involved in processing of nascent RNAs and mRNA export

from nucleus - splicing-independent loading on nascent RNA - piRNA biogenesis - male meiosis- regulation of p53 and PI3K/AKT signaling

Thor (common alternative name: d4E-BP)

messenger RNA 5' cap binding protein - regulates translation during environmental stress -

Ecdysone promotes growth of imaginal discs through the regulation of Thor

Acute fasting regulates retrograde synaptic enhancement through a 4E-BP-dependent mechanism

thread (preferred name: Death-associated inhibitor of apoptosis 1)

ubiquitin ligase that functions as an inhibitor of apoptosis - the inhibition of caspase function is counteracted by proapoptotic proteins

Hid, Grim and Reaper - niche signaling promotes stem cell survival in the Drosophila testis via the Jak-STAT target DIAP1

Thrombospondin

extracellular matrix ligand produced by tendon cells - essential for the formation of the integrin-mediated myotendinous junction - a ligand for the integrin subunit Inflated

Tiggrin

secreted - extracellular matrix - required for muscle attachment - regulates plasmatocyte maturation in Drosophila larva

timeless

transcription factor - novel with pas domain - photoperiod response - partners the transcription factor Period - involved

in mating behavior, DNA replication and larval phototaxis

tinman (common alternative name: NK-4 and msh2)

transcription factor - homeodomain - NK-2 class - mesodermal - involved in the formation of the heart and dorsal vascular musculature

Tip60

histone acetyltransferase that regulates general metabolism, axon growth and dendritic targeting and sleep-wake cycle -

regulates acetylation of histone H2A and promotes the generation of silent chromatin

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases

metalloprotease inhibitor expressed in muscle - neuromuscular junction - limits BMP trans-synaptic

signaling and the downstream synapse-to-nucleus signal transduction

TNF-receptor-associated factor 4

Traf domain protein - involved in signal transduction in the JNK and pathway - an adapter protein thought to bind the TNF receptor and

activate downstream signaling - interacts with and localizes polarity and adherens junction proteins such as Bazooka and Armadillo

respectively - required for normal embryonic development, cell death, and cell growth

tolkin (common alternative name: tolloid-related-1)

BMP-1 homolog - a Zinc metallopeptidase with similar substrate specificity to tolloid, which is its paralog. Tok cleaves the Decapentaplegic

inhibitor Short gastrulation as well as the prodomains of several TGF-beta ligands

Toll

transmembrane receptor - IL1 homolog - a crucial protein for embryonic dorsal/ventral polarity

and immunity - receptor for spätzle - activates the Tl intracellular signaling pathway

Tollo

Toll-like receptor - leucine rich repeat transmembrane protein - expressed in ectoderm
and required for neural-specific expression of the glycan HRP epitope

tolloid

secreted BMP-1 homolog - member of the asticin metalloprotease family - cleaves Decapentaplegic inhibitor Short gastrulation thus functioning to

activate Dpp - cleavage facilitates Dpp diffusion to the dorsal-most cells in the early blastoderm embryo, helping to specify formation of the amnioserosa

tolloid-related-1 (preferred name: tolkin)

BMP-1 homolog - a Zinc metallopeptidase with similar substrate specificity to tolloid, which is its paralog. Tok cleaves the Decapentaplegic

inhibitor Short gastrulation as well as the prodomains of several TGF-beta ligands

Toll-6 & Toll-7

Toll-like receptors - Neurotrophin receptors - regulation of locomotion, motor axon targeting and neuronal survival - innate immunity

Toll-9

Surface receptor - necessary and sufficient for a special form of compensatory proliferation

after apoptotic cell loss (undead apoptosis-induced proliferation [AiP] - Toll-9 interacts with

Toll-1 to activate the intracellular Toll-1 pathway for nuclear translocation of

Dorsal, which induces expression of the pro-apoptotic genes reaper and hid

Tomosyn

neuromuscular junction - SNARE binding protein - potently inhibits exocytosis by sequestering SNARE proteins

in nonfusogenic complexes - a decoy snare - enables tonic release in Ib motoneurons by reducing SNARE complex

formation and suppressing probability of release to generate decreased levels of synaptic vesicle fusion and enhanced

resistance to synaptic fatigue - involved in a specific component of late associative memory

Topoisomerase 2

ATP-dependent homodimeric enzyme that transiently cleaves double stranded DNA, passes a second DNA double helix

through the break and then reseals the break - plays a role in homolog association in meiosis - modulates insulator function

TORC (preferred name: CREB-regulated transcription coactivator)

transcription factor - transducer of regulated CREB activity - starvation triggers TORC activation -

TORC maintains energy balance through induction of CREB target genes in the brain

torso

transmembrane - receptor tyrosine kinase - membrane receptor for Trunk - crucial for establishment of anterior and posterior

cell identity of the embryo - required for ecdysone synthesis in the prothoracic gland at pupariation

torso-like

torso pathway - perforin-like protein - localized determinant of terminal pattern formation - produced and secreted by two cell clusters in the egg chamber - initially

anchored at the vitelline membrane and then translocated to the oocyte plasma membrane where it is required for the Track-mediated activation of Torso

toutatis

PHD zinc finger and bromodomain chromatin component - acts positively to activate proneural gene expression
in the PNS - associates with Iswi, Pnr and Chip - required during Pnr-driven neural development

tout-velu

acetylglucosaminyltransferase - involved in heparan sulfate proteoglycan biosynthesis - affects diffusion of Wingless, Hedgehog and Decapentaplegic

trachealess

bHLH-PAS nuclear transcription factor required for the formation of the tube of the salivary duct, trachea and filzkorper - required for expression of

all tracheal genes - mutants exhibit a defect in the ability of the tracheal precursors to organize tubes, the same defect seen in salivary glands

traffic jam

orthologue of a large Maf transcription factor in mammals - gonad development - somatic gonadal cells - follicle cells - germline-–soma

interactions - a transcriptional target of Hh signaling controlling cell-cell adhesion by negative regulation of E-cadherin expression

trailer hitch

conserved protein involved in mRNA localization that interfaces with the secretory pathway to promote efficient protein trafficking in the cell - Bicaudal-C

associates with a Trailer Hitch/Me31B complex and is required for efficient Gurken secretion

tramtrack (common alternative name: FTZ-F2)

transcription factor - zinc finger - represses neural cell fate in the peripheral nervous system - a master repressor of

enteroendocrine cell specification in intestinal stem cell lineages - regulates morphogenetic events during tracheal development

transformer

RNA splice factor - Sex determination - productively spliced in the presence of Sex lethal - Sexual dimorphism of body size is controlled by dosage

of Myc and by the sex-determining gene transformer

transformer 2

RNA splice factor - functions with Transformer to bring about the sex specific splicing of

Doublesex - functions in the fat body to regulate lipid storage.

Transforming growth factor beta at 60A (preferred name: glass bottom boat)

TGF-beta superfamily - BMP 7 homolog - potentiates dpp signaling - High fat diet-induced Gbb signaling provokes insulin resistance

through the tribbles expression - gates the expression of synaptic homeostasis independent of synaptic growth control

transforming acidic coiled-coil protein (common name: tacc)

centrosomal protein that stabilizes microtubules during mitosis by recruiting the microtubule plus end binding protein Minispindles

transient receptor potential

visual phototransduction, calcium channel, adaptation to light - dephosphorylation of light-activated TRP ion channel is a fast, graded, light-dependent,

and Ca2+-dependent process that is partially modulated by the rhodopsin phosphatase retinal degeneration C

Transient receptor potential A1

heat-activated TRP family cation channel that is essential for thermotaxis - controls thermotaxis at innocuous temperatures,

as well as thermal and chemical nociception in response to noxious heat and chemical exposure

Transient receptor potential cation channel γ

Ca⁺⁺ channel protein activated by polyunsaturated fatty acids generated in a phospholipase C- and phospholipase A₂-dependent manner -

motor coordination - olfactory sensitivity - Malpighian tubule fluid transport - photoresponse

transient receptor potential mucolipin

TRP family calcium channel that facilitates of fusion of amphisomes and lysosomes, involved in clearance of apoptotic cells

and autophagy, loss of function implicated in lysosomal storage disease

Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M

mediates the calcium influx and initiates the calcium wave during Drosophila egg activation - senses

oxidative stress to release Zn(2+) from unique intracellular vesicles - mediates aversion to cold

Translationally controlled tumor protein

guanine nucleotide exchange for Rheb - functions in the TSC pathway to control growth

Transmembrane channel-like

larval proprioception - defensive response to mechanical stimuli - Tmc cells undergo restructuring engendering an enhanced response to touching

in females following mating - critical for sensing subtle differences in substrate stiffness during ovoposition - required for sensing two key textural

features of food-hardness and viscosity - presumably activated by membrane curvature in dendrites that are exposed to strain

Transmembrane protein 63

expressed in multidendritic neurons in the fly tongue (proboscis) - mechanically activated Ca2+ channel - confers the ability to discriminate particle

sizes in food and uses this information to decide whether a food is appealing - required for humidity response in Drosophila olfactory sensory neurons

Transport and Golgi organization 1

transmembrane protein of the ER - plays a general role in secretion at endoplasmic reticulum exit sites, transfer of proteins from the

ER to the Golgi - salivary glands - trachea - secretion of collagen from fat body - laminin secretion in glia - forms ring-like

structures that mediate the formation of COPII rings that act as docking sites for the cis-Golgi

Transportin-Serine/Arginine rich

an importin-ß family member responsible for transporting SR protein splice factors into the nucleus

Trap1

mitochondrial chaperone protein of the heat shock protein (HSP90) family - shows an ATPase activity and is involved in neurodegeneration

associated with mitochondrial dysfunction - promotes mitochondrial unfolded protein response - enhances stress resistance, locomotor

activity and fertility - TRAP1 mutation ameliorated oxidative stress sensitivity, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DA neuronal loss in Drosophila PINK1 null mutants

trapped in endoderm-1

G-protein coupled receptor - links cell polarity, modulation of cell adhesion, and invasion during germ cell migration

Trehalose-sensitivity (preferred name: Gustatory receptor 5a)

G-protein coupled receptor - Taste receptor

T-related gene - (preferred name: brachyenteron)

transcription factor - brachyury homolog - essential for the development of hindgut, anal pads and Malpighian

tubules - mediates specification of caudalbvisceral mesoderm

tribbles

serine/threonine kinase-like domain protein - regulates cell cycle - Tribbles pseudokinase is necessary for proper memory formation

tricornered

Ndr serine/threonine kinase - required for the normal morphogenesis of epidermal hairs, bristles, laterals, and dendrites -

regulates synapse development by regulating the levels of Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein

trio

Rac guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor - Loss-of-function trio mutations result in the misdirection or stall of axons in embryos and also cause

malformation of the mushroom body - functions in sculpting class specific dendrite morphogenesis in Drosophila sensory neurons

trithorax

histone methyltransferase activity (H3-K4 specific), transcription factor - zinc finger - trithorax group - maintains activity of

homeotic genes - regulates systemic signaling during Drosophila imaginal disc regeneration - a positive regulator of global

gene expression, modulates transcriptional pausing and organization of upstream nucleosomes

Trithorax-like (common alternative name: GAGA)

transcription factor - GAGA - Zinc finger - BTD domain - a chromatin modifying protein - cell division, dosage compensation and gametogenesis

trithorax related

constituent of the Trr H3K4 methyltransferase, nuclear receptor co-activator complex, acts as a coactivator of Ecdysone receptor

by altering the chromatin structure at ecdysone-responsive promoters

Tropomyosin I

cytoskeletal element - intracellular transport - links kinesin-1 in a strongly inhibited state to oskar mRNA - binds RNA

via its alternative cargo binding domain - an unusual product of the Tm1 locus, Tm1-I/C, resembles an intermediate

filament protein in some respects - Arp2/3 complex and cofilin, in turn, regulate the binding of tropomyosin to actin filaments

Troponin I (preferred name: wings up A)

cytoskeletal protein - along with Tropomyosin regulates muscle contraction - required to maintain nuclear integrity and

apico-basal polarity during early embryogenesis - required for myofibrillogenesis and sarcomere formation in Drosophila flight muscle

Trpa1 (common alternative name: Anktm1)

heat-activated TRP family cation channel that is essential for thermotaxis - controls thermotaxis at innocuous temperatures,

as well as thermal and chemical nociception in response to noxious heat and chemical exposure

trunk

secreted - ligand for torso - crucial for establishment of anterior and posterior cell identity of the embryo - Trunk and Torsolike

alone are ineffective but acted synergistically to stimulate Torso signaling

Tsc1

acts in conjunction with TSC2 to suppress cell growth by inhibiting Tor, a central controller of cell growth - TSC1/TSC2 has GAP activity

toward the Rheb small GTPase which acts upstream of and stimulates TOR - TSC2 is the catalytic GAP subunit,

while TSC1 enhances TSC2 function by stabilizing TSC2

tube

cofactor with pelle to activate Dorsal - involved in dorsal/ventral polarity during early development - adaptor

protein that functions downstream of Myd88 in the Toll pathway - regulates antimicrobial peptides

ß1 Tubulin

ß Tubulin56D - ubiquitious component of cytoskeleton

ß2 Tubulin

ß Tubulin85D - sperm tubulin - ß1 tubulin is found in mitotically active germ cells and all somatic parts of the testis -

starting with early spermatocytes, the ß1 isotype is switched off and all microtubular arrays contain ß2 tubulin.

ß-Tubulin at 60D

beta Tubulin60D - microtubular cytoskeleton - transiently expressed in the embryo - higher pupal levels in the developing musculature -

Adult expression confined to specific somatic cells in the gonads

gamma Tubulin

γ Tubulin at 23C - microtubule nucleating factor - critical component of microtubule organizing centers - γ Tubulin ring

complex components Grip75 and Grip128 have an essential microtubule-anchoring function in the Drosophila germline

gamma-Tubulin at 37C

microtubule nucleating factor - eggs produced by mutant mothers show an arrest of nuclear divisions during early embryogenesis

and a disruption in the anterior-posterior axis - required for bicoid mRNA localization

tubulin-specific chaperone E

multidomain protein - required for development and function of neuromuscular synapses - promotes microtubule formation

tudor

tudor domain protein - serves as 'docking platform' for polar granule assembly - maternal effect gene required for germ cell

formation and abdominal segmentation during oogenesis - interacts with Aubergine, a Piwi family protein, in a manner

dependent on symmetrically dimethylated arginine residues located at the N-terminal end of Aub

tumbleweed (common alternative name: RacGAP50C)

cytoskeletal regulator required for cytokinesis - connects the contractile ring to cortical microtubules at the site of furrowing in dividing cells -

negatively regulates the wingless pathway during Drosophila embryonic development - required for neuroblast proliferation and limits axon growth

tumor suppressor protein 101 (common alternative name: erupted)

an ESCRT-I complex component that acts as an adapter for membrane rearrangements operated by ESCRT-III - binds monoubiquitinated substrates predicted

to be ubiquitinated cytoplasmic tails of membrane bound proteins; this interaction delivers cargos to the lysosome via multivesicular bodies.

turtle

Ig superfamily - ligand or co-receptor - required to restrain dendrite branch formation in neurons with simple arbors,

and to promote dendrite self-avoidance in neurons with complex arbors - regulates the tiling pattern of R7 photoreceptor terminals

twin

degrades mRNA poly(A) tails - CCR4 component of an enzyme complex catalyzing mRNA deadenylation - promotes

the maintenance and differentiation of germline stem cell lineage

twins

Protein phosphatase 2A - B subunit - mutation causes a peripheral nervous system defect similar to those of numb and

musashi - mutation also causes a pattern duplication in imaginal discs

twinstar

Drosophila cofilin - actin-depolymerizing and actin-severing protein - essential for neuronal axon growth

twine

cdc25 phosphatase - dephosphorylation of cdc2 by Twine controls entry into meiosis in both males and females

twist

transcription factor - bHLH - DV pathway - a switch in the development of muscle - High levels required for somatic myogenesis -

this blocks formation of other mesodermal derivatives such as visceral mesoderm and heart

twisted gastrulation

secreted growth factor - Tsg dislodges latent BMPs bound to Short gastrulation thus activating BMP signaling - makes a tripartite complex

with Sog and a Dpp/Scw heterodimer - a favoured substrate for Tolloid, which processes Sog and liberates the Dpp/Scw heterodimer

Tyramine β hydroxylase

an enzyme that converts tyramine to octopamine, a neurotransmitter that is the insect equivalent of norepinephrine -

octopamine modulates several physiological functions and behaviors including sleep, aggression and ovulation

Tyramine receptor & Tyramine receptor II

GPCRs that arose by gene duplication - neuromodulation - adult brain - regulates courtship activity -

TyrR is expressed in heart muscles - TyrRII is expressed in oenocytes

Tyrosine decarboxylase 1 and Tyrosine decarboxylase 2

catalyze directly the biosynthesis of the neuromodulator tyramine and indirectly the biosynthesis of octopamine -

Tdc1 acts to synthesize tyramine, a potent diuretic factor in the Malpighian tubule - Tdc2 is required neurally for egg deposition

U

U1snRNP (preferred name: sans fille)

splicing factor - a crucial component of the spliceosome - regulates alternative splicing - a protein component of U1

and U2 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) - U1 and U2 snRNPs combine with other snRNPs on the

pre-mRNA to assemble a spliceosome - involved in Sex-lethal splicing and consequently in sex determination

U2 small nuclear riboprotein auxiliary factor 50

splicing factor required for the ATP-dependent association of U2 snRNP with pre-mRNA branchpoints - forms a heterodimer

with the small splice factor U2af38 - U2af50 interacts with the intronic 3' polypyrimidine tract -

the small subunit functions in recognition of the 3' AG dinucleotide

Ubiquilin

extraproteasomal ubiquitin receptor that targets ubiquitylated proteins for degradation - interacts with the dHP1c complex, localizes at promoters

of developmental genes and is required for transcription - interacts with monoubiquitylated H2B - regulation of postsynaptic growth

at the NMJ - binds and delivers ubiquitinated misfolded or no longer functionally required proteins to the ubiquitin-proteasome system

Ubiquitin activating enzyme 1

Ubiquitin-activating enzyme, E1, activates and transfers ubiquitin to ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes, tumor suppressor

Ubiquitin protein ligase E3A

Ubiquitination - protein degradation - model for Angelman syndrome - neuromuscular junction -

regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, the formation of terminal dendritic branches, and dopamine/serotonin synthesis

Ultrabithorax

transcription factor - homeodomain - Antp class - Mutations of Ubx result in transformation of the dorsal and ventral appendages of the

third thoracic segment (the haltere and third leg) into their counterparts on the second thoracic segment (wing and second leg).

ultraspiracle

transcription factor - RXR homolog - nuclear receptor - cofactor for Ecdysone receptor

unc-4

homeodomain transcription factor - functions during post-embryonic development of the adult CNS to promote cholinergic neurotransmitter identity and

suppress the GABA fate in one larval neuroblast lineage - promotes proper neuronal projections to the leg neuropil and a specific flight-related

take-off behavior in a second larval lineage - acts peripherally to promote proprioceptive sensory organ development and the execution of specific leg-related behaviors

unc-5

multiple domain protein that functions as a repulsive netrin receptor - essential for heart lumen formation

unc-13

a scaffold protein with a C1 lipid-binding motif and two C2 calcium-binding motifs - mediates signals to control synaptic vesicle exocytosis

unc-104 (common alternative name, immaculate connections or imac)

a Kinesin-3 family member that is essential for transporting synaptic vesicle precursors

unconventional myosin 10A (preferred name: Myosin 10A)

cytoskeletal motor protein required during dorsal closure for the correct alignment of cells on opposing sides

of the fusing epithelial sheets and for adhesion of the cells during the final zippering/fusion phase

uncoordinated

coiled-coil protein expressed in sensory neurons and the male germline - localizes to centrioles and basal bodies - required for ciliogenesis

unextended

a functional fly ortholog of the mammalian Cyclin M2 Mg2+-efflux transporter (CNNM) proteins - critical for the memory

enhancing property of Mg2+ - Uex function in mushroom body kenyon cells is required for long term memory - functional restoration of uex

reveals the MB to be the key site of Mg2+-dependent memory enhancement - Uex acts downstream of PRL-1 - elevated Uex levels in PRL-1

mutants prevent a CO2-induced phenotype - PRL-1 and Uex are required for a wide range of neurons to maintain neuroprotective functions

uninflatable

transmembrane protein involved in Notch-dependent cell fate assignation during asymmetric mitosis - essential to direct asymmetric

endosome motility - required for tracheal inflation

unkempt

C3HC4 type (RING finger) protein - works downstream of insulin receptor/mTOR pathway to regulate temporal control of neuronal differentiation

unpaired 1, unpaired 2 and unpaired 3

interleukin-like ligands of Domeless - activators of JAK/STAT signaling pathway - mutation results

in the stripe-specific loss of expression of even-skipped, fushi tarazu, and runt

unplugged

homeodomain protein - involved in tracheal branching morphogenesis by regulating cell migration or extension;

in the absence of such function, the tracheal founder cells either die or adopt other branch patterns

Upstream of N-ras

RNA-binding protein that interacts with Rox RNAs to repress dosage compensation complex formation in female

and promote its assembly on the male X chromosome

u-shaped

multiple zinc finger protein - antagonizes Pnr by physically interacting with the Pnr DNA-binding domain.

Utx histone demethylase

H3K27me3 demethylase - Notch antagonist - suppressor of Rbf-dependent tumors

UV-resistance associated gene (common alternative name: Vps38)

subunit of the PI3K-cIII complex - autophagy - endosomal-lysosomal pathway - axon pruning tumor suppressor -

receptor downregulation through endolysosomal degradation - the establishment of proper cell polarity

in the developing wing - UV-induced DNA damage repair

V

Vacuolar H+ ATPase subunit 68-2

acidification of the endosomal compartment - required in signal-receiving cells for Notch

signaling downstream of ligand activation - promotes degradation of Notch

Vacuolar protein sorting 35

a subunit of the retromer complex which is essential for the retrograde transport of numerous transmembrane proteins

from endosomes to the trans-Golgi network - required apical localization of key apical/basal polarity molecules

valois

scaffolding protein - the substrate recognition platform for the arginine methyltransferase Capsuleen - the primary substrates of

Capsuleen and Valois are the spliceosomal Sm proteins - required for accumulation of high levels of Oskar protein, for

posterior localization of Oskar in later stages of oogenesis and for posterior localization of the Vasa protein during pole plasm assembly

VAMP-associated protein of 33kDa ortholog A

cleaved secreted ligand for Eph receptors - plays a conserved role in synaptic homeostasis

Van Gogh (common alternative name: strabismus)

a four-pass transmembrane protein that localizes to cell junctions - part of the Frizzled-dependent planar polarity pathway that

establishes planar polarity in epithelia - implicated in nervous system patterning - mutants show a disrupted orientation of

ommatidia - Frizzled-induced Van Gogh phosphorylation by CK1epsilon promotes asymmetric localization of core PCP factors

varicose

Essential septate junction gene encoding a membrane associated guanylate kinase (MAGUK) - required for accumulation of the tracheal

size-control proteins Vermiform and Serpentine in the tracheal lumen

vasa

maternal - a DEAD-box RNA helicase - interacts with eIF5B and promotes translation of gurken and mei-P26

mRNAs - overcomes the repressive effect of Nanos translational control element - functions in piRNA biogenesis

as a component of an Amplifier complex - Maternally-expressed Vas is required for oogenesis, transposon

silencing in the female germ line, anterior-posterior embryonic patterning, and germ cell specification.

Vav ortholog

guanine nucleotide exchange factor that belongs to the Dbl GEF superfamily - functions as a GDP/GTP exchange factor

for Rac1 and an adaptor protein. Both activities are activated by direct tyrosine phosphorylation

vein

a secreted neuregulin-like EGFR ligand - EGF domain and Ig domain - an intrinsically weaker ligand for

EGF-receptor than Spitz - Vein is the major ligand for activating EGF-R in intervein regions -

has roles in growth and patterning of tissues including muscle, midgut, ovary, trachea, glia, eye and leg .

veli (common alternative name: Lin-7)

scaffolding protein that acts downstream of DlgS97, in conjunction with its binding partner Metro, to control neuromuscular

junction expansion and proper establishment of synaptic boutons

ventral veins lacking (common alternative name: drifter)

transcription factor - homeodomain - pou domain - mutants display severe tracheal defects and defects in ventral midline glia migration -

identities of medulla neurons are pre-determined in the larval medulla primordium, which is subdivided into concentric zones

characterized by the expression of four transcription factors: Drifter, Runt, Homothorax and Brain-specific homeobox

ventral nervous system defective (vnd) (common alternative name: NK2)

transcription factor - homeodomain - NK2 class - required for the formation of a subset of segmental neuroblasts, and possibly

as a neuroectodermal committment gene - upstream of proneural achaete-scute

complex - required for specification of the tritocerebrum in embryonic brain development

vermiform and serpentine

secreted polysaccharide deacetylases - converts chitin to chitosan - required to assemble

cable-like extracellular matrix and restrict tracheal tube elongation

Verprolin 1

facilitator of myoblast fusion - homolog of the conserved Verprolin/WASp Interacting Protein family of WASp-binding proteins -

recruits the actin-polymerization machinery to sites of myoblast attachment and fusion

verthandi (common alternative name: Rad21)

constituent of the cohesin complex, functions in chromosome cohesion, spindle morphology, dynamics of a chromosome passenger protein,

and stability of the cohesin complex

Vesicular acetylcholine transporter

vesicular transport protein necessary for packaging the neurotransmitter acetylcholine into synaptic vesicles - expressed in premotor interneurons

Vesicular glutamate transporter (common alternative name: VGlut)

vesicular glutamate transporter - neuromuscular junction - intrinsic H+ /Na+ exchanger

vestigial

wing/haltere identity selector gene - transcription factor - when bound to Scalloped , Vg activates several genes

in the wing field, for example activation of Serum response factor intervein promoter - muscle specification

vielfaltig (preferred name: zelda)

zinc finger transcription factor - functions in the cellular blastoderm to activate many genes essential for

cellularization, sex determination and pattern formation

vihar

E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme - contributes to the spatiotemporal control of Cyclin B degradation that occurs first during mitosis at the spindle poles

viking

along with Collagen IV, the main component of basement membranes - synthesized by the fat body, secreted to the hemolymph,

and incorporated into the basement membrane - determines organ shape - regulates BMP signaling

Vinculin

component of adherens and focal adhesion junctions - regulates cytoskeletal anchoring at the plasma membrane - regulates cell

adhesion - mechanotransduction - triggers the formation of cytoplasmic adhesion complexes - interacts with α-Catenin - recruited

to amniosersoa apical cell membranes during dorsal closure - regulates of cardiac function during aging

viriato

nucleolar protein of unknown function - ensures a coordinated nucleolar response to dMyc-induced growth -

required for the growth and differentiation progression activities of the Dpp pathway during eye development

virilizer

transmembrane protein involved in Sex lethal splicing - a component of mRNA N₆A methylosome, a complex

of nuclear proteins - translationally represses male-specific lethal 2 to prevent dosage compensation in females

visceral mesodermal armadillo-repeats (common alternative name: Vimar)

guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Miro - involved in mitochondrial fusion - functional targets of miR-277 that modulates rCGG

repeat-mediated neurodegeneration - expressed embryonically in the midgut and hindgut visceral

mesoderm, as well as in the CNS and PNS - mutation causes shortened rhabdomere length in the eye

vismay

homeodomain transcription factor (TGIF subclass) - required, along with homeodomain protein Achintya, for meiotic division in spermatogenesis

Visual system homeobox 1 ortholog and Visual system homeobox 2 ortholog

homeodomain transcription factors - markers for the brain central neuroendocrine system termed the pars intercerebralis

that expresses the hormones Drosophila insulin-like peptide (Dilp), FMRF, and myomodulin

von Hippel-Lindau

E3 ubiquitin ligase - functions in follicular epithelial morphogenesis to stabilize microtubule bundles and aPKC -

in trachea controls the HIF-1 α/sima hypoxia response pathway

vps25 (alternative name: Vacuolar protein sorting 25)

a member of the ESCRT-II complex, which sorts certain endocytosed receptors for degradation via the

multivesicular body - as part of this complex, Vps25 also has a role in bicoid RNA localization

vreteno

Tudor domain protein involved in regulation of Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) in gonadal tissues thus regulating mobile genetic elements

vrille

basic leucine zipper transcription factor - an enhancer of dpp during the development of dorsal/ventral polarity in the early embryo -

a clock gene: suppression of the normal cycle of vri expression generates long-period

rhythms or arrhythmicity - involved in hair and cell growth and in tracheal development

W

wallenda

MapKKK member of the JNK pathway - influences axonal transport by functioning as a kinesin-cargo dissociation factor -

suppresses autophagy-induced neuromuscular junction overgrowth - required for normal axon degeneration

warts

a tumor suppressor kinase - regulates cell cycle - loss of gene function leads to the cell-autonomous formation

of epithelial tumors in the adult integumentary structures derived from imaginal discs - plays a post-mitotic

role in R8 photoreceptor cells where it antagonizes melt to control the bistable choice of Rhodospin expression

washout

cytoskeletal protein - acts upstream of Arp2/3 which in turn mediates actin nucleation activity - functions downstream of Rho1

and the formin Cappuccino to control actin and microtubule dynamics during oogenesis - bundles and crosslinks F-actin and microtubules

WASp

Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein - regulates actin polymerization - enables the Arp2/3 complex to nucleate polymerization

of branched microfilament arrays and contributes to gastrulation, myoblast fusion, synapse

morphology at neuromuscular junctions, sensory organ development, and spermatogenesis

WD repeat domain 62

controls brain growth through lineage-specific interactions with master mitotic signaling kinase Aurora A - glial lineage-specific WDR62 depletion

significantly decreases brain volume - JNK interacts with Wdr62 at the spindle and transcriptionally represses the kinesin Kif1a to promote planar

spindle orientation - required to maintain centrosome asymmetry in Drosophila neuroblasts by directly or indirectly stabilizing the interphase MTs

necessary to accumulate and maintain pericentriolar matrix-associated Polo - control of intestinal cell fate

wee

protein tyrosine kinase that targets Cdc2 thus preventing premature activation of the mitotic program - interacts with

members of the γTubulin ring comples and is required for proper mitotic-spindle morphogenesis and positioning\

wengen

tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily - forced expression triggers cell death - nociceptive sensitization

Whamy

actin polymerase - promotes fast actin filament elongation - functions in membrane protrusions and cell migration in macrophages -

functions in myoblast fusion - sensory cell fate specification

white

ABC transporter of amines that partners with Brown in determination of eye pigmentation - Behavioral abnormalities in white, brown and scarlet mutants

could arise from reduced amine levels in neurons

wide awake (common alternative name Banderuola)

a multi-domain signaling protein that regulates asymmetric cell division, cell polarization, spindle orientation,

and asymmetric protein localization, regulation of circadian timing of sleep onset

wilderborst

protein phosphatase PP2A-B' regulatory subunit - regulates insulin/insulin-like growth factor signalling through interaction with Akt

windpipe

chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan - transmembrane protein - modulates the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway in the wing - controls Drosophila

intestinal homeostasis by regulating JAK/STAT pathway via promoting receptor endocytosis and lysosomal degradation

wingless

ligand - wnt family - segment polarity gene - plays a primary role in specifying the wing primordium, and a subsequent role mediating

the patterning activities of the dorso-ventral compartment boundary - post-translational modification (addition of palmitoleate

by Porcupine) is essential for signaling activity - contributes tissue growth and patterning, neuromuscular

junction morphogenesis, gut homeostasis and long term memory formation.

wings up A (common alternative name: Troponin I)

cytoskeletal protein - along with Tropomyosin regulates muscle contraction - required to maintain nuclear integrity and

apico-basal polarity during early embryogenesis - required for myofibrillogenesis and sarcomere formation in Drosophila flight muscle

wishful thinking

type II TGFß receptor - functions presynaptically to regulate synaptic size at the neuromuscular

junction - modulates the probability of neurotransmitter release and readily releasable pools

wispy

poly(A) polymerase acting on specific mRNA targets during late oogenesis and early embryogenesis - required at the final stage

of oogenesis for metaphase during meiosis I arrest - interacts with Orb genetically and physically in an ovarian complex.

wnt inhibitor of Dorsal (common alternative name: Wnt8)

Wnt family ligand - involved in establishment dorsal/ventral patterning and the immune response - A WntD-dependent integral feedback loop attenuates variability in Drosophila Toll signaling

wntless

novel conserved transmembrane protein that acts in the Wnt-sending cells to promote the secretion of

Wnt proteins - mutation triggers the retrograde Golgi-to-ER transport of Wingless and induces ER stress

Wnt oncogene analog 2

ligand - Wnt homolog - required for the development of the sheath of the male reproductive tract and testis

morphogenesis - mediates redox regulation - maintains the germ line stem cell differentiation niche

Wnt oncogene analog 4

ligand - Wnt homolog - mesodermal - a Wingless antagonist - transposon dysregulation modulates Wnt4 signaling to control germline stem cell differentiation

Wnt oncogene analog 5

Wnt superfamily ligand involved in axon

guidance and salivary gland morphogenesis - Wnt5 and Derailed gradients pattern the Drosophila olfactory dendritic map.

Wnt oncogene analog 6

required for maxillary palp formation - oogenesis - anterior escort cells are

maintained by Wnt6 signaling - required for germline stem cell maintenance

wolfram syndrome 1

novel transmembrane protein - regulates cellular responses to ER stress and calcium

homeostasis, as well as ER-mitochondria cross-talk - putative interactor of SERCA and Calmodulin

worniu

zinc finger transcriptional repressor - required in neuroblasts to maintain self-renewal by promoting cell-cycle progression and inhibiting

premature differentiation - expressed in the neuroblasts of brain hemispheres and the ventral ganglion - promotes ommatidial death

during eye development and subsequent photoreceptor formation - controls both asymmetry and cell division of neuroblasts

wrapper

Immunoglobulin domain ligand - present in midline glia - required, along with neuronally-expressed

Neurexin IV, for ensheathment of commissural axons

Wrinkled (common alternative name: head involution defective)

induces programmed cell death - arbitrates collective cell death in the wing - Nanos-mediated repression

of hid protects larval sensory neurons after a global switch in sensitivity to apoptotic signals

wuho

WD40 domain protein - maintains ovarian germ cell homeostasis - Wuho and Mei-p26 are epistatically linked, with mutants showing nearly identical

phenotypes - promotes BMP stemness signaling for proper GSC division and maintenance - silences nanos translation - downregulates a subset of microRNAs

involved in germ cell differentiation and suppresses ribosomal biogenesis via dMyc to limit germ cell mitosis - knockdown

results in DNA damage with strand breaks and apoptosis through ATM/Chk2/p53 signaling pathway - essential for spermatogenesis

wunen and wunen-2

lipid phosphate phosphohydrolases - somatic Wun and Wun2 provide a repulsive environment for germ cell migration

by depleting an extracellular, attractive substrate - in germ cells Wun2 competes with somatic Wun and Wun2

for a common lipid phosphate substrate, which is required by germ cells to produce a survival signal

X Y Z

X-box-binding protein 1

unfolded protein response (UPR) - enhances the expression of genes encoding ER chaperones, enzymes, and the ER protein degradation machinery

XNP

DEAD-like helicases superfamily - complements HIRA in recognizing exposed DNA and serving as a binding platform

for the efficient recruitment of H3.3 predeposition complexes to chromatin gaps

Xrp1

bZip-domain transcription factor - transcriptionally upregulated by an autoregulatory loop - triggers apoptosis in competitively looser cells - regulates

translation and growth, delays development and is responsible for gene expression changes in mutant ribosomal proteins - induced by p53 following

X-irradiation - partner of Inverted Repeat Binding Protein 18 - critical for repair of DNA breaks following transposase cleavage of DNA

yan (preferred name: anterior open)

ets domain transcription factor - target of Ras pathway that serves to inhibit neural and other types of differentiation -

crucial to the development of the nervous system, heart, trachea and eye

yata

kinase domain (inactive) - controls intracellular trafficking of the APPL protein - mislocalized Yata causes the mislocalization of

COPI, indicating that YATA plays a role in directing COPI to the proper subcellular site - abnormal cellular structures are

located in the vicinity of rhabdomeres in aged white; yata mutants - expression of APP resulted in the

loss of proper control of synapse formation, which is reversed in yata mutants - secretory vesicles

yorkie

target of the Hippo-Warts pathway - ortholog of the mammalian transcriptional coactivator yes-associated protein - transcriptional

coactivator that negatively regulates cell-cycle and cell-death regulators - fold formation at the compartment

boundary of Drosophila wing requires Yki signaling to suppress JNK dependent apoptosis

ypsilon schachtel

cold-shock domain protein involved in post-transcriptional regulation of Oskar mRNA - efficient Gurken protein

trafficking requires trailer hitch, a component of a ribonucleoprotein complex that includes Cup and Yps

yurt

ERM junctional protein involved in regulating apical-basal polarity - tracheal development

zelda (common alternative name: vielfaltig)

zinc finger transcription factor - functions in the cellular blastoderm to activate many genes essential for

cellularization, sex determination and pattern formation

zerknüllt

transcription factor - homeodomain - Antp class - HoxA3, HoxB3 and HoxD3 homolog - DV polarity - The absence of the amnioserosa in zen

mutants might cause the germ band to be twisted and thrown into folds during an abortive elongation process

zero population growth

germline-specific gap junction protein - Innexin 4 - required for survival of differentiating early germ cells during gametogenesis in both sexes

zeste

transcription factor - hlh domain and leucine zipper domain - trithorax group - Zeste specifically interacts with the

p400 Brahma complex component - tunes the timing of ecdysone actions in triggering programmed tissue degeneration in Drosophila

zeste white 3 (preferred name: shaggy)

glycogen synthase kinase - segment polarity - a key component of the β-catenin destruction complex - functions in the Wingless

signaling pathway - regulates Hedgehog ligand expression along with the N-end rule ubiquitin-protein ligase Hyperplastic discs

Zeste-white 10

a subunit of the RZZ complex located at the kinetochores of chromosomes - the RZZ complex plays an essential role in the spindle assembly checkpoint that ensures

proper connections between chromosomes and the mitotic spindle. - found on the Golgi stacks and endoplasmic reticulum where it functions in membrane formation and trafficking.

Zinc-finger protein

zinc finger transcription factor required for the expression and asymmetric localization of aPKC, thus establishing

cell polarity and controlling neuroblast self-renewal

Zinc finger protein RP-8

control of heterochromatin silencing - interacts with the piRNA pathway that is essential for the maintenance

of germline stem cells, a component of the small ribosomal subunit (40S), controls RNA processing, regulates cell proliferation

Zn finger homeodomain 1

transcription factor - zinc finger domain and homeodomain - mutation results in various degrees of local errors in mesodermal cell

fate or positioning - a transcription factor network, comprised of eve, zfh1, and grain, induces the

expression of the Unc5 and Beaten-path guidance receptors and the Fasciclin 2 and Neuroglian adhesion molecules to guide individual dorsal motor neuron axons

Zn finger homeodomain 2

transcription factor - zinc finger domain and homeodomain - required for correct proximal wing development - a mediator of hypercapnic (elevated CO2) immune regulation

zipper

Myosin II or non-muscle myosin - motor protein - crucial functions in motility, cytokinesis, dorsal closure and cytoplasmic transport - myosin

activation promotes collective morphology and migration by locally balancing oppositional forces from surrounding tissue

zucchini

nuclease that functions in germline RNAi processes, required in dorso-ventral patterning pathway - required early during

oogenesis for the translational silencing of osk mRNA and at later stages for proper expression of the

Grk protein - regulates telomere-specific transposable elements

Zyxin

Lim domain signaling protein involved in cytoskeletal regulation of growth - regulates Hippo pathway - transduction of mechanical tension -

component of adherens and focal adhesion junctions junctions

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