Drosophila Genes

Alphabetical list of genes

Genes E - F - G - H - I - J - K --[Genes A-D -- Genes L-R -- Genes S-Z ]

: E
E2F transcription factor: positively regulates genes involved in the S (DNA synthesis) phase of the cell cycle -; alternate transcripts are necessary for maintenance of cell cycle exit during development -; required during late myogenesis to directly control the expression of a set of muscle-specific genes
E2F transcription factor 2: negatively regulates genes involved in the S (DNA synthesis) phase of the cell cycle -; Retinoblastoma family 2 is required for the tissue-specific repression of dE2F2 target genes
eagle: nuclear receptor - zinc finger - involved in the determination the cell fate of serotonergic neurons and axon pathfinding
earmuff: zinc finger transcription factor - functions cell-autonomously to maintain the restricted developmental potential of the intermediate neural progenitors; generated by type II neuroblasts in Drosophila larval brains
easily shocked: ethanolamine kinase - catalyzes the first step of the synthesis of phosphatidylethanolamine, one of the three major membrane; phospholipids - a behavioral mutant that belongs to a family of bang-sensitive paralytic mutants - required in; mushroom body neuroblasts to allow a rapid rate of cell division at metamorphosis
easter: required for establishment of embryonic polarity - secreted serine protease, trypsin family - generates processed Späzle,; which in turn acts as the Toll ligand - restricted to the dorso-ventral patterning of the embryo
eater: EGF-like repeat transmembrane protein located on phagocytic cells - mediates resistence to bacteria
Eb1: microtubule end-binding protein - controls the plus end of growing microtubules - targets other microtubule-associated; proteins to the plus end and thereby regulates interactions of microtubules with the cell cortex, mitotic kinetochores,; and different cellular organelles
ebi: Trp-Asp (WD) repeats protein - regulates Egfr pathway & protein degradation - cellular defense and sensory cell survival; require distinct functions of ebi - modulates wing growth by ubiquitin-dependent downregulation of Crumbs
ebony: an β-alanyl-dopamine synthase regulating β-alanyl conjugation of dopamine and histamine, thus 'trapping' these biogenic amines; preventing their further function - regulates pigmentation, photoreceptor activity and behavioral rhythmicity
E-cadherin (preferred name: shotgun): E-cadherin homolog - regulates cell aggregation preventing mixing of cells at tissue boundaries -; required for the maintenance of ring canals anchoring to mechanically withstand tissue growth - reduction in adherens junction; components, including E-cadherin during remodeling junctions between apoptotic and non-dying cells
Ecdysis triggering hormone: Regulates the process of preecdysis and ecdysis behaviors in the process shedding of the old cuticle
Ecdysone-induced protein 75B: nuclear receptor - ensures proper temporal progression of larval development -; nitric oxide coordinates metabolism, growth, and development via E75
Ecdysone-inducible gene L2: a secreted protein that binds Drosophila insulin-like peptide 2 and inhibits growth non-autonomously
Ecdysone-induced protein 63E: cyclin dependent kinase that plays a role in cell differentiation rather than in cell division
Ecdysone-induced protein 74EF: ETS domain transcription factor that encodes two isoforms that control the timing of gene induction during molting
Ecdysone-induced protein 93F: Pipsqueak family transcription factor - programs a cell death response; during larval development - Eip93F transcription is steroid-regulated
ecdysoneless: physically interacts with several components of the U5 snRPN pre-mRNA splicing complex - mutants; disrupt production of the steroid hormone ecdysone causing developmental and reproductive defects -; loss of function results in intron retention within spookier, accounting for ecdysone deficiency in mutants
Ecdysone receptor: transcription factor - nuclear receptor - zinc finger - regulates molting cycles and oogenesis
Eclosion hormone: neuropeptide - acts directly on the CNS to release the stereotyped motor programs that trigger the shedding of the old cuticle at the end of each molt
echinoid & friend of echinoid: cell-adhesion molecules (CAMs) - Ig and fibronectin domains proteins - The genes are adjacent to one another and co-ordinately regulated -; Echinoid acts to antagonize Egf receptor signaling - Friend of echinoid exhibits interaction with the Notch pathway
effete: E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme - mediates anaphase-promoting complex degradation - controls germ-line stem cell maintenance; by targeting Cyclin A - regulates programmed cell death and neuronal process remodeling
egalitarian: RNA binding protein - participates along with BicaudalD in transport of mRNA during oogenesis - salivary gland morphogenesis
egghead: glycosyltransferase - required for glycosphingolipid sugar chain elongation - affects extracellular Gurken gradiant; by controlling Gurken planar transport in the extracellular space
eggless: SET domain hydroxymethyltransferase required for oogenesis - trimethylates histone H3 at its K9 residue - involved in gene silencing
eIF4E-Homologous Protein: Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E - a cap binding protein that inhibits hunchback, caudal and bicoid mRNA translation
eiger: TNF superfamily; type II membrane protein - ligand of Wengen that induces cell death by activating the JNK pathway
18 wheeler: transmembrane - leucine-rich repeat motif (LRR) - a critical component of the humoral immune response
elbow B: zinc finger transcription factor - specifies distinct tracheal cell fates -; interacts with the transcription factor Orthodenticle, a crucial regulator of rhodopsin gene transcription
ELL (preferred name: Su(Tpl)): occludin homology domain protein - a Pol II elongation factor capable of stimulating the rate of transcription
embryonic lethal abnormal vision (common alternative name: elav): RNA binding protein - a pan-neural gene required for correct differentiation and maintenance of the nervous system
empty spiracles: transcription factor - homeodomain - required for head development and brain morphogenesis -; required for the development of olfactory projection neuron circuitry
enabled: VASP homolog and SH3 domain protein - acts as processive actin polymerase, stimulating actin addition at the barbed end -; cytoskeletal adaptor protein acting in epithelial morphogenesis - implicated in axonal outgrowth and fasciculation
encore: uring oogenesis Encore physically interacts with the proteasome, protein degradation factor Cul1 and Cyclin E -; in encore mutant germaria Cyclin E degradation is compromised, thus impairing exit from cystoblast cell divison
Endostatin (preferred name: Multiplexin): homolog of Collagen XV/XVIII, a matrix protein that can be proteolytically cleaved to release Endostatin, an antiangiogenesis signaling factor -; required for normal calcium channel abundance, presynaptic calcium influx, and neurotransmitter release - functions in motor axon pathfinding
engrailed: transcription factor - homeodomain - engrailed class - segment polarity gene - involved in compartment identity and boundary formation -; positively regulates the hh and negatively regulates the Hedgehog targets ci, ptc and dpp
Enhancer of bithorax: major subunit of nucleosome remodeling factor (nurf) - multiple domain protein with HMGI/Y and bromodomain motifs - interacts physically; and functionally with the TRF2/DREF basal transcription factor to organize nucleosomes downstream of active promoters
Enhancer of Polycomb: novel Polycomb group protein and a suppressor of position effect variegation -; acts with extra sex combs to increase homologous recombination in somatic cells
Enhancer of split m7, helix-loop-helix: neurogenic bHLH transcription factor - Hairy/E(spl) class - an inhibitor of neural fate - Hairy/E(spl) class - E(spl)m7 and E(spl)m8; proteins are involved in the antagonistic regulation of the proneural gene senseless; and also regulate the expression of one or more of proneural target genes
Enhancer of split m8, helix-loop-helix: transcription factor - bHLH - Hairy/E(spl) class - neurogenic gene - target of Notch pathway -; Casein kinase II regulates lateral-inhibition during eye and bristle development by targeting E(spl) repressors
Enhancer of yellow 3 (common alternative name: SAYP): Trithorax group protein, constituent PBAP chromatin remodeling complex, a coactivator supercomplex consisting of Brahma and TFIID;; participates in ecdysone-dependent transcriptional regulation
Enhancer of zeste: transcription factor - polycomb group with trithorax homology - chromatin associated - catalytic component of the Polycomb; Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) methyltransferase that methylates histone H3 lysine27 -together with PRC1, PRC2; silences developmental genes to determine specific differentiated cell identities
enoki mushroom: acetyltransferase, regulates transposon silencing and piRNA cluster transcription, promotes rhino expression by acetylating H3K23, but also; directly enhances transcription of piRNA clusters by facilitating Rhino recruitment, positively impacts the maintenance of trxG-regulated gene; activation by inhibiting PRC1-mediated transcriptional repression, Enok acetyltransferase complex interacts with Elg1 and negatively; regulates PCNA unloading to promote the G1/S transition, regulates oocyte polarization by promoting expression; of the actin nucleation factor spire, maintains female germline stem cells through regulating Bruno and the niche
ensconsin: a conserved microtubule-associated protein - promotes productive recruitment of kinesin to microtubules
Eph receptor tyrosine kinase: receptor tyrosine kinase involved in axon pathfinding - functions in shaping of the wing compartment boundary
Ephrin: functions as a ligand for Eph receptor - expressed on the surface of neuron cell bodies - acts to confine Eph receptor bearing axons to longitudinal tracts by repulsion
Epidermal growth factor receptor (common alternative name: Torpedo): transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase for signaling ligands in the TGFα family (Gurken, Spitz, Vein, and Keren) -; utilises the intracellular MAP kinase pathway - during oogenesis helps set up egg polarity, determines the identity of cells in the ectoderm -; during larval stages participates in the development of the eye and wing - regulates growth, cell survival and developmental patterning
erect wing: nuclear respiratory factor-1 transcription factor - regulates synaptic growth -; regulates spatio-temporal coordination of cell cycle exit, fusion and differentiation of adult muscle precursors
escargot: transcription factor - zinc finger - regulates the cell cycle in histoblasts - Escargot and Scratch regulate neural commitment by; antagonizing Notch-activity in sensory organs - controls the sequential specification of two tracheal tip cell types by suppressing FGF signaling
E(spl) region transcript m4: Bearded family - required to positively transduce the Notch signal during neurogenesis, and presumably during bristle development as well
estrogen-related receptor: transcription factor - nuclear receptor - regulates a coordinate switch in gene expression that drives a metabolic program normally; associated with proliferating cells - supports growth during larval development
ether a go-go: a voltage-gated delayed rectifier K+ channel subunit - responsible for repolarization phase that returns synaptic membrane potential back to the resting membrane; potential - inhibited by high Ca(2+) concentrations that are only present at plasma membrane Ca(2+) channel microdomains - regulated by Calmodulin binding - neuromuscular junction - Multiple; K+ channel α-subunits coassemble with Hyperkinetic, including Shaker, Ether-a-go-go, and Ether-a-go-go-related gene are ion conducting channels for Cry/Hk-coupled light response
ETHR (common alternative name: Ecdysis triggering hormone receptor): G-protein coupled receptor - scheduling successive behavioral steps in the ecdysis, regulation of pupal and adult ecdysis
Ets at 21C: stress-induced transcription factor - controls intestinal stem cell proliferation & enterocyte apoptosis through distinct sets of target genes - loss of function prevents; epithelial aging - ectopic expression increases tumor size - expression is regulated by the JNK pathway - Capicua represses cell proliferation via direct targets including Ets21C
Ets at 65A: Ets domain transcription factor - regulation of cholinergic cell fate - acts combinatorially to control T1 neuron morphogenesis in the optic lobe, brain and CNS
Ets at 97D: Ets domain transcription factor - homolog of the alpha subunit of mammalian NRF-2/GABP - required for proper expression of; most genes encoding mitochondrial proteins -regulator of mitochondrial number and mass - required; for proper follicle cell migration, chorion formation, and nurse cell chromosome decondensation
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha: mediates the binding of tRNAi^Met to the ribosome in a GTP-dependent manner - eIF2 is a heterotrimer; consisting of an alpha, a beta, and a gamma subunit - activation of the integrated stress response; signaling includes endoplasmic reticulum stress, and amino acid deprivation, sensed by; specialized kinases PERK and GCN2 that converge on phosphorylation of eIF2α
Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E: binds to the mRNA 5' cap thus controlling a crucial step in translation initiation - required for cell growth -; promotes dedifferentiation of neuroblasts back to a stem cell-like state thus functioning as an oncogene -; a target of Ago2 in translational repression - functions as a splice factor for msl-2 and Sxl pre-mRNAs
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A: dead-box RNA helicase - eIF3 complex and the helicase eIF4A are required for dendritic pruning - inactivates TORC1 in response to amino acid starvation -; resistance to eIF4A inhibition in conferred by the insulin receptor cellular IRES - controls germline stem cell self-renewal by directly; inhibiting BAM function in the ovary - negative regulator of Dpp/BMP signalling that mediates SMAD degradation
even-skipped: transcription factor - homeodomain - pair rule gene establishing epidermal cell fate -; aCC motoneuron identity is specified by a genetic cascade involving even-skipped, grain and zfh1 -; zfh-1 and even-skipped are required for cardiac-specific differentiation of a numb-dependent lineage decision
Exchange factor for Arf 6: Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor (GEF) that directly; inhibits microtubule growth - a cortical collapse factor that regulates to axon growth - sustains activation of Arf family GTPases - active in dynamic actin rearrangement during cell shape changes as well as cell patterning within epithelia
Excitatory amino acid transporter 1: transmembrane excitatory amino acid transporter expressed in glial cells - tightly regulates; extracellular glutamate levels to control neurotransmission functions in locomotor behavior
Exchange protein directly activated by cAMP: guanine nucleotide exchange factor - noncanonical cAMP sensor involved aversive odor learning - required; for activity
of bacterial adenylate cyclase - stimulated fluid secretion in Malphigian tubules

exo84

exocyst complex 84-kDa subunit Pleckstrin Homology (PH) domain protein - involved in apical polarity of epithelial tissue -

the exocyst complex functions in polarized exocytosis

expanded

Band 4.1 protein with three potential SH3-binding sites - localization to adherens junctions allows Expanded

to exert effects on multiple processes involved in disc development, including

effects on cell proliferation, cell fate determination, and tissue polarity

extradenticle

TALE-class homeodomain transcription factor - cooperatively interacts with homeotic proteins to increase the specificity of homeotic protein

binding to DNA - Engrailed cooperates directly with Extradenticle and Homothorax on a distinct class of homeodomain binding sites to

repress sloppy paired - controls dendritic and axonal targeting of olfactory projection neurons in the brain - control adult muscle fiber identity

extra-extra

a homeodomain transcription factor - regulates motorneuron cell fate by restricting expression of Even-skipped and Lim2 -

dHb9 expressing larval motor neurons persist through metamorphosis to innervate adult-specific muscle targets and function in Drosophila eclosion

extra macrochaetae

transcription factor - HLH non basic - antagonist of proneural genes - the Notch pathway

is required in combination with Emc to define the proneural cluster which gives rise to the sensory organ precursor cell

extra sexcombs

Polycomb group - WD40 domain - a component of the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) - in combination with

Enhancer of zeste and histone deacetylases, promotes gene silencing - required for proper morphogenesis of sensory neuron dendrites

exuperantia

a noncanonical RNA-binding protein with EXO-SAM-like domain architecture that interacts with its target RNA as a homodimer

a core component of a large protein complex involved in localizing mRNAs both within nurse cells and the developing oocyte

eyegone

Pax family transcription factor that acts as a transcriptional repressor -

promotes cell proliferation in the larval eye disc through activation of Jak/STAT pathway -

plays both positive and negative roles in head vortex development

eyeless

transcription factor - homeodomain & pax domain - plays a crucial role in eye and

brain development - controls the production of glial cells in the visual center -

a temporal network transcription factor that controls neural fate of optic lobe medulla neuroblasts - eyeless, twin of eyeless,

and dachshund control development of the mushroom bodies, the associative learning centers in the Drosophila brain

eyelid (preferred name: osa)

transcription factor - Bright family - associates with the Brahma chromatin remodeling complex - antagonizes Wingless signaling

during Drosophila development and affects patterning of the eye imaginal disc

eyes absent (common alternative name: Clift)

transcriptional co-activator and protein tyrosine phosphatase - cell survival factor - functions in eye development -

also plays a role in the embryonic determination of somatic gonadal precursor (SGP) cell fate -

Retinal axon guidance requires integration of Eya and the JAK/STAT pathway into phosphotyrosine-based signaling circuitries

eyes closed (preferred name: prominin)

five transmembrane protein - a fly homolog of p47, a protein co-factor of the p97 ATPase involved in membrane fusion

- mutation results in a lethal failure of nuclear envelope assembly in early zygotic divisions and results in defective photoreceptor morphogenesis

eyes shut

a proteoglycan secreted into the ommatidial apical matrix - critical for the formation of epithelial lumina in the fly retina -

forms an extracellular shield that guards mechanosensory neurons from environmental insult

48 related 2 (common alternative name: Fer2)

bHLH Transcription Factor - required for the development of a subset of circadian pacemaker neurons and dopaminergic neurons in the protocerebral anterior medial (PAM) and

the protocerebral anterior lateral (PAL) clusters of the brain - required for the survival of the PAM cluster opaminergic neurons in adulthood - oxidative stress response

fab1

phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinase - controls vesicular trafficking but not silencing of endocytosed receptors, including Wingless and Notch -

functions in negative regulation of cell volume - regulates autophagy by being required for the maturation of autolysosomes

faint sausage (renamed fandango)

a subunit of the spliceosome-activating Prp19 complex (NineTeen complex), which is essential for efficient pre-mRNA splicing, regulates the efficiency of splicing

of zygotic transcripts and their abundance - required for normal cellularization, tracheal cell migration, and epidermal morphogenesis in the embryo, ortholog

of yeast SYF1 and human XAB2, important for spliceosome stabilization and activation, peripheral nervous system, central nervous system, axonal pathfinding

Fatty acid synthetase 1

acetylation of FASN1 is involved developmental lipogenesis - acetylation of FASN1 provides a novel mechanism for protein autoacetylation,

through which Drosophila larvae control metabolic homeostasis by linking AcCoA, lysine acetylation, and de novo

lipogenesis - Drosophila STING interacts with lipid synthesizing enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase. ACC and FASN also

interact with each other, indicating that all three proteins may be components of a large multi-enzyme complex - NAD kinase sustains lipogenesis

by maintaining the pool of NADPH - NADK and fatty acid synthase 1 regulate mitochondrial mass and function by altering the levels of acetyl-CoA and fatty acids

falafel

Protein Phosphatase 4 regulatory subunit - regulatory of neuroblast asymmetric divisions a key mediator specific for

the asymmetric localization of Miranda and associated cell fate determinants during both interphase and mitosis

Fasciclin I

lipid linked novel protein - homophilic cell adhesion molecule that acts in axon guidance

Fasciclin II

transmembrane - NCAM homolog - Ig superfamily - controls number and stability of neuromuscular synapses -

regulates brush border length and organization in Drosophila renal tubules

Fasciclin III

transmembrane - cam - novel - aids in cell adhesion, axon pathfinding and fasciculation ensuring proper muscle innervation

fat

cadherin domain transmembrane receptor that negatively controls cell proliferation - also functions in planar polarity -

Fat functions in the Hippo signaling pathway and the Dachsous-Fat planar cell polarity pathway

fat facets

conserved Cys and His domains - ubiquitin-specific protease - plays multiple roles in eye and oocyte development -

Fat facets and Liquid facets promote Delta endocytosis and Delta signaling

fat-like (common alternative names: kugelei, fat2)

a cadherin related to Fat - required for the planar polarity of actin filament orientation

at the basal side of ovarian follicle cells - acts non-autonomously in follicle cells in the transmission of polarity information

required for morphogenesis and maintenance of tubular structures of ectodermal origin

fear of intimacy

transmembrane domain protein - FICL family - zinc transporter - required in the mesoderm

for gonad morphogenesis - required for tracheal branch fusion - controls glial cell migration

female sterile (1) homeotic

double-bromodomain protein - trithorax group gene that cooperates with Zeste in Ultrabithorax activation - regulates dendrite morphology

female sterile (3) homeless (preferred name: spindle E)

DE-H family of RNA-dependent ATPases - possible roles during oocyte development in RNA processing, transport, or stabilization -

required to maintain Aub and AGO3 protein levels for piRNA silencing in the Drosophila germline

female sterile (1) Yb (common alternative name: Yb)

tudor domain RNA helicase, post-transcriptional gene regulation - regulates transposon silencing via the piRNA pathway -

component of the Yb body, a site for Piwi-associated RNA biogenesis, regulates Piwi transport to the nucleus

FER ortholog (H. sapiens) (common alternative name: Fps oncogene analog)

Fes/Fer non-receptor tyrosine kinases - regulates cell adhesion and cytoskeletal reorganisation through the modification

of adherens junctions -

cooperates with Src42A to activate dpp expression in leading edge cells during dorsal closure

Ferritin 1 heavy chain homologue and Ferritin 2 light chain homologue

iron storage proteins; ferroxidase and iron core nucleation- combines three functions:

iron storage, intercellular iron transport, and protection from iron-induced oxidative stress

fgf-receptor homolog 1 (preferred name: heartless - common alternative name: DFR1)

receptor tyrosine kinase - involved in the development of mesodermal and neuronal cells - supports Drosophila fertility by

regulating development of ovarian muscle tissues - Pebble is required for cell shape changes during cell migration triggered by Heartless

Fife

a presynaptic scaffolding protein of the neuromuscular junction - active zone cytomatrix - homeostatic modulation of

neurotransmission - organizes active zones to create synaptic vesicle release sites

fizzy

WD40 domain protein - homolog of Cdc20 - required for the activity of the anaphase promoting complex in mitosis -

functions to target the three mitotic cyclins A, B and B3 for destruction in the egg and drive anaphase progression during meiosis

fizzy related (preferred name: retina aberrant in pattern)

Trp-Asp repeat (WD-repeat) protein - negatively regulates the levels of cyclins A, B and B3 thus promoting mitosis -

Notch-dependent Fizzy-related expression is required for the mitotic-to-endocycle transition in follicle cells

flamingo (preferred name: starry night)

Cadherin-related 7TM protein involved in tissue polarity -

epithelial microRNA-9a regulates dendrite growth through Fmi-Gq signaling in Drosophila sensory neurons

flapwing

Isoform of serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 - regulates nonmuscle myosin by dephosphorylating the myosin II regulatory light chain (Spaghetti squash)

flower

Transmembrane protein - expressed in 'loser' cells to mediate win/lose decisions in cell competition by means of differentially expressed isoforms

Fmr1

KH domain RNA-binding protein - homolog of mammalian Fragile X mental retardation gene - represses Futsch translation - mutants have synaptic structural defects

FMRFamide-related

neuropeptide of unknown function in Drosophila expressed in sets of brain and ventral cord neurons -

induces contractions in Drosophila body wall muscle fibers in a Ca2+ -dependent manner -

Retrograde Gbb signaling through the Bmp type 2 receptor Wishful Thinking regulates systemic FMRFa expression

Focal adhesion kinase-like

non-receptor tyrosine kinaseinvolved in integrin signaling - targets multiple cytoskeletal and signal transduction proteins -

functions include embryonic muscle attachement, morphogensis of the optic stalk,

synaptic growth and transmission, and in the regulation of RTK-MAP kinase signaling in epithelia

folded gastrulation

secreted - novel protein - regulates gastrulation via GPCRs - necessary for coordination of cell shape changes throughout the

invaginating primordia - regulates motor axon guidance, glial organization and morphogenesis

Follicle cell protein 26Aa (preferred name: palisade)

multi-domain protein that acts during oogenesis to coordinate assembly of the vitelline membrane -

required for functional properties of the eggshell

follistatin (accepted FlyBase name: Fs)

modulates TGF-β ligand signaling - inhibits activin-β signaling but activates Dawdle

foraging

cGMP-dependent protein kinase - controls feeding behavior and locomotion - regulates motor axon guidance in Drosophila by

suppressing Lola function - inhibition of For extends the upper temperature limit of stimulus-evoked calcium

responses in motoneuronal boutons of Drosophila larvae behavior

fork head

winged-helix nuclear transcription factor - plays two roles in the formation of the embryonic salivary glands: an early role

in promoting survival of the secretory cells, and a later role in secretory cell invagination works with bHLH protein Sage

to activate expression of salivary gland specific gene products, such as secreted proteins and their modifying enzymes

Forkhead box P

forkhead domain transcription factor - a highly conserved transcription factor known for its importance in human speech

and language production - reduced expression in Drosophila leads to decreased levels of courtship behavior, altered

pulse-song structure, and sex-specific motor impairments in walking and flight

forkhead box, sub-group O (common alternative name foxo)

forkhead domain transcription factor - a target of the insulin receptor signaling pathway - modulates growth and proliferation -

regulates RNA interference and protects from RNA virus infection - promotes Wingless signaling -

A Toll receptor-FoxO pathway represses Pavarotti/MKLP1 to promote microtubule dynamics in motoneurons

forkhead domain 3F

required for the specialization of mechanosensory cilium of chordotonal neurons

Fos-related antigen (preferred name: kayak)

transcription factor - basic leucine zipper - regulates dorsal closure - also required downstream from Decapentaplegic signaling for the regulation

of labial in the midgut - interplay among Ets21c, Fos and Ftz-F1 drives JNK-mediated tumor malignancy -

Fos repression by Piwi regulates ovarian germline formation and tissue morphogenesis

4E-BP (preferred name: Thor)

messenger RNA 5' cap binding protein - regulates translation during environmental stress -

Ecdysone promotes growth of imaginal discs through the regulation of Thor

Acute fasting regulates retrograde synaptic enhancement through a 4E-BP-dependent mechanism

4EHP (preferred name: eIF4E-Homologous Protein)

Eukaryotic initiation factor 4E - a cap binding protein that inhibits hunchback, caudal and bicoid mRNA translation -

essential for the larval-pupal transition and required in the prothoracic gland for ecdysone biosynthesis

found in neurons

an ELAV family RNA binding protein that works as a post-transcriptional regulator - Fne is present in the cytoplasm of all neurons - promotes bypass of proximal

polyadenylation signals in nascent transcripts - Lack of fne produces fusion of the mushroom body β-lobes and altered male courtship behaviour - Fne acquires

a mini-exon, generating a new protein able to translocate to the nucleus and rescue ELAV-mediated alternative polyadenylation and alternative splicing

four-jointed

transmembrane protein kinase that targets Fat and its transmembrane ligand Dachsous - conveys positional information in the leg and eye -

regulates control of planar polarity in epithelia and also growth via the Hippo/Warts pathway

four wheel drive

a Golgi-localized lipid kinase, the homologue of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIβ which mediates the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol to generate

phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate, involved in spermatocyte cytokinesis and male fertility, mutants exhibit profound locomotor deficits and shortened lifespan

14-3-3ε

regulates the activity of cellular proteins in a phosphorylation-dependent manner by binding as a dimer to phosphoserine/threonine-containing motifs -

acts as a cofactor for PAR-1 by binding to proteins that are phosphorylated by the PAR-1 kinase

14-3-3zeta (common alternative name name: leonardo)

a 14-3-3zeta isoform - a phosphoserine/threonine interacting protein - positively regulates

Ras-mediated signaling in the development of the compound eye - also involved in facilitating olfactory learning

foxo (Preferred name forkhead box, sub-group O)

forkhead domain transcription factor - a target of the insulin receptor signaling pathway - modulates growth and proliferation -

regulates RNA interference and protects from RNA virus infection - promotes Wingless signaling -

A Toll receptor-FoxO pathway represses Pavarotti/MKLP1 to promote microtubule dynamics in motoneurons

Fps oncogene analog [Preferred name: FER ortholog (H. sapiens)]

Fes/Fer non-receptor tyrosine kinases - regulates cell adhesion and cytoskeletal reorganisation through the modification

of adherens junctions - regulates dorsal closure

frayed

serine/threonine kinase - PAK family - required for normal axonal ensheathment

frazzled

Ig superfamily - functions as a Netrin receptor in axon pathfinding - promotes growth cone attachment at the source of a Netrin gradient in the visual system

fringe

secreted glycosyltransferase involved boundary formation - Notch antagonist that functions by targeting extracellular domain of Notch -

Chip and Beadex function antagonistically on Notch signaling through directly regulation of fringe transcription

frizzled

transmembrane - 7 pass - frizzled family - receptor for Wingless - tissue polarity gene - a part of Wnt signaling and planar cell polarity pathways

frizzled2

transmembrane - 7 pass - frizzled family - receptor for Wingless - tissue polarity gene - maturation

of a central brain flight circuit in requires Fz2/Ca++ signaling

frizzled3

transmembrane - 7 pass - frizzled family - antagonizes wingless signal

fruitless

zinc finger transcription factor - sex determination - controls somatic sexual identity - regulates mating behavior - specifies sexually dimorphic neural circuitry in the brain

Fs (common alternative name: Follistatin)

modulates TGF-β ligand signaling - inhibits activin-β signaling but activates Dawdle

ftz transcription factor 1

transcription factor - nuclear receptor - zinc finger - bridges early and late gene expression during the process of metamorphosis -

acetylations of Ftz-F1 and histone H4K5 are required for the fine-tuning of ecdysone biosynthesis during metamorphosis

FTZ-F2 (preferred name: tramtrack)

transcription factor - zinc finger - represses neural cell fate in the peripheral nervous system - a master repressor of

enteroendocrine cell specification in intestinal stem cell lineages - regulates morphogenetic events during tracheal development

furrowed

selectin (carbohydrate binding protein) - mutants have defects in eye patterning and in cell determination of the ommatidia and bristles -

mediates intercellular planar cell polarity interactions via Frizzled stabilization

furry

conserved protein that is required for Tricornered activity in control of wing hair and bristle morphology -

controls dendritic branching and tiling in sensory neurons

fused

serine/threonine kinase - segment polarity gene - cytoplasmic component of Hedgehog signaling pathway - Phosphorylation of the

atypical kinesin Costal2 by Fused induces the partial disassembly of the Smoothened-Fused-Costal2-Cubitus interruptus complex in Hedgehog signalling

fushi tarazu

transcription factor - homeodomain - Antp class - pair rule gene - modulates Runt-dependent activation and repression of segment-polarity gene transcription

fussel

transcriptional vorepressor - inhibits Dpp signaling acting by inhibiting Smad4 - acts within

a chromatin modifying complex in the differentiation of bitter gustatory neurons - acts within an Rpd3 dependent

chromatin modifying complex - ortholog of the human functional smad suppressing element 15 (fussel-15), also

known as SKOR1, Corl1 or LBXcor1 within a chromatin modifying complex - protooncogene that

retains the ability of Ski/Sno proteins to inhibit the antiproliferative effects of TGF-β signalling

futsch

microtubule-associated protein regulating axon guidance - Futsch/MAP1B mRNA is a translational target

of TDP-43 and is neuroprotective in a Drosophila model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

GABA-B-R1, GABA-B-R2 and GABA-B-R3

metabotropic GABA-B receptors - G-protein coupled receptor - expressed by pheromone-sensing olfactory receptor neurons

which as a consequence exhibit strong presynaptic inhibition - mediates inter-glomerular inhibition - responsible

for decreased intracellular calcium of clock neurons blocking their calcium cycling

Gadd45

exhibits a genetic interaction with JNK pathway affecting egg asymmetry in the oocyte; induced by wounding in embryos

GAGA (preferred name: Trithorax like)

transcription factor - zinc finger - btb domain - a transcriptional activator that functions by influencing chromatin structure - directs histone H3.3

replacement that prevents the heterochromatin spreading - modulates transcriptional pausing and organization of upstream nucleosome

Galactose-specific C-type lectin

secreted sugar-binding protein - modulates presynaptic function and neurotransmission strength= - recombinant DL1 protein (Lectin-galC1)

binds to E. coli and E. chrysanthemi - DL1 agglutinates E. coli and markedly intensifies the association of a Drosophila

haemocytes-derived cell line with E. coli, possibly participates in the immune response via the haemocyte-mediated mechanism

gamma-tubulin ring protein 84

gamma-tubulin associated protein required for aspects of microtubule nucleation, dynamics and organization both in interphase and mitosis

gammy legs (preferred name: pygopus)

nuclear PHD-finger protein - a core component of the Wingless signaling pathway that acts downstream of or at the level of Pangolin

GART trifunctional enzyme

trifunctional polypeptide with the activities of phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase, phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase, and

phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase - expressed in glia, fat body, and gut - positively regulates feeding behavior via cooperation and

coordination - acting in the gut, Gart is crucial for maintaining endogenous feeding rhythms and food intake, while Gart in glia and

fat body regulates energy homeostasis between synthesis and metabolism - directly regulated by the CLOCK/CYCLE heterodimer via canonical E-box

gastrulation-defective

a maternally supplied protease involved in establishment of dorsal/ventral polarity - targets Snake

gata-2 (preferred name: pannier)

transcription factor - zinc finger - GATA family - a local repressor of achaete and scute that is required for the

normal pattern of sensory bristles - a dorsal eye selector gene that suppresses the eye fate to define dorsal margin

of the Drosophila eye - required to establish competence for heart progenitor formation

GATAe

GATA family zinc finger transcription factor - Required downstream of serpent for the expression of specific genes in the differentiated midgut -

regulates intestinal stem cell maintenance and differentiation in adult midgut

gawky

RNA-binding protein - glycine-tryptophan (GW) repeat protein required for P-body integrity -

promotes mRNA deadenylation, decapping and degradation

GCN2

protein kinase that promotes avoidance of the essential amino acid-deficient diet - blocks translation initiation

through eIF2a phosphorylation - required for infection-induced host translational blockage

Gcn5 ortholog

a major histone H3 acetylase in Drosophila that plays a key role in the control of specific morphogenetic cascades during

developmental transitions - CP190 binds to and recruits Gcn5 and thereby activates chromatin

GDI interacting protein 3 (common alternative name: Armless)

ubiquitin-like protein that functions in protein degradation - required for Wingless target gene expression

Ge-1

a molecular scaffold that brings together decapping enzymes and activators that are involved in silencing of microRNA targets

geminin

limits DNA replication by preventing Mcm loading onto chromatin - an inhibitor of the origin binding protein Double parked/Cdt1

genderblind

glutamate permease - regulates ambient extracellular glutamate to suppress glutamatergic synapse strength - controls mate choice

Genghis Kahn

similar to myotonic dystrophy protein kinase - regulates cytoskeletal dynamics - GTPase effector that is

required for columnar target specificity in the Drosophila visual system

germ cell-expressed bHLH-PAS

bHLH-Pas domain transcription factor - involved in juvenile hormone (JH) action as

a likely component of a JH receptor - a receptor for the sesquiterpenoid juvenile hormone - binding partner of Methoprene-tolerant

germ cell-less

chromatin component - BTB/POZ domain protein- responsible for establishment of transcriptional quiescence

in germ cells - a key regulator of centrosome separation required for proper primordial germ cell development

giant

transcription factor - basic leucine zipper - gap gene - regulates ecdysone production through specification of the PTTH-producing neurons

gigas

Rap1 GAP domain protein - tuberous sclerosis-2 homolog - regulates growth rate -

modifies the insulin pathway - maintains Drosophila germline stem cells by preventing differentiation

gilgamesh

Casein kinase 1 γ homolog - interacts Arrow to modify Wingless signaling - mutants show a defect in spermatid individualization -

required to potentiate Wingless signaling in limb development - acts in the posterior region of the eye disc to prevent precocious glial cell migration

Girdin

scaffolding protein - regulates cell polarity - supports the activity of Yrt and Lgl by restricting the activity of aPKC - essential for sensory dendrite

formation - regulates the formation of actin structures that may temporarily stabilize the dendritic tip and is essential for its

connection to the dendritic sheath - a positive regulator of adherens junction function - stabilizes epithelial cell adhesion and promotes

morphogenesis by regulating the linkage of the cadherin-catenin complex to the actin cytoskeleton - involved in Akt pathway control of cell size

glass

transcription factor - zinc finger - required for normal development of photoreceptor cells in a larval photoreceptor known as Bolwig's organ,

in the adult compound eye and in adult simple eyes, known as ocelli

glass bottom boat (common alternative name: Transforming growth factor beta at 60A)

TGF-beta superfamily - BMP 7 homolog - potentiates dpp signaling - High fat diet-induced Gbb signaling provokes insulin resistance

through the tribbles expression - gates the expression of synaptic homeostasis independent of synaptic growth control

glial cells missing

transcription factor - novel - required for glial cell fate - controlling hemocyte and tendon cell differentiation - controls initiation of collective cell migration by regulating Frazzled

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic family receptor-like

a GPI-anchored membrane protein with four GDNF family receptor-like domains - regulates oogenesis and male fertility -

expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems

Glial Lazarillo

neuron-glia lipid shuttling - supports dendrite morphogenesis - expressed

in subsets of central and peripheral glial cells and in hemocytes

Gliolectin

lectin (carbohydrate binding protein) - regulates cell adhesion in midline glia - enriched in Golgi bodies - a positive regulator of Notch signalling during wing development

Gliotactin

transmembrane - novel serine esterase homolog - functions in glia to ensure a secure blood-brain barrier -

located to tricellular junctions and is critical for the formation of tricellular and septate junctions and permeability barrier function

glorund

RNA-binding protein - represses nanos (nos) translation and uses its quasi-RNA recognition motifs to recognize both G-tract and structured

UA-rich motifs within the nos translational control element - recruits dFMRP to inhibit nanos translation elongation

GluClα

glutamate-gated chloride channel, component of the ON and OFF pathway in the optic lobe - together with Rdl serves

as a co-receptor for the insecticides nodulisporic acid and ivermectin - open-channel conformation

causes a continuous inflow of chloride ions and sustained membrane hyperpolarization - antenna lobe

Glucocerebrosidase 1b

Gba1b mutants revealed dysregulation of proteins involved in extracellular vesicle (EV) biology, and altered protein composition of EVs was

found in Gba1b mutants - Gba1b mutant protein aggregation may depend on relative depletion of specific ceramide species often

enriched in EVs - human mutant GCase contributes to accumulation and aggregation of α-synuclein - In the fly, this aggregation leads to development

of more severe parkinsonian signs - mutant flies showed activation of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and

presented inflammation and neuroinflammation that culminated in neuronopathic disease - model for Gaucher's disease

Glucosidase 1

disrupts N-glycosylation of extracellular matrix proteins covering the fat body - invertebrate self-recognition system -

N-glycans attached to extracellular matrix proteins serve as a self signal - activated hemocytes attack tissues lacking this signal

gluon

condensin subunit SMC4 - involved in mitotic chromatin condensation

Glutamate receptor IIA and Glutamate receptor IIB

transmembrane Ca2+ channel protein - expressed on muscular synaptic boutons targeted by motor neurons

G9a

histone H3 Lys 9-specific histone methyltransferase - regulator of peripheral dendrite development - larval locomotor behavior - non-associative

learning and courtship memory - regulator the expression of insulin-like peptide genes - regulation of starvation-induced autophagy

Golden goal

transmembrane receptor that is dynamically expressed in all photoreceptor neurons and localizes

predominantly to growth cones - regulates axon-axon and axon-target interactions in R8

photoreceptor axon - acts as a functional partner of Flamingo for R8 photoreceptor axon targeting in the medulla

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (common alternative name: Adipokinetic hormone receptor)

GPCR - involved in storage-fat mobilization - essential to adjust normal body fat content

and ensure lifelong fat-storage homeostasis - functional analog of the mammalian glucagon receptor

gooseberry-neuro (common alternative name: gsb-p)

transcription factor - homeodomain - paired domain - regulates neuroblast cell fate - functions redundently with gooseberry

gooseberry (common alternative name: gsb-d)

transcription factor - homeodomain - paired domain - regulates neuroblast cell fate

Goosecoid

transcription factor - homeodomain - paired-like - regulates cell fate in the brain and stomatogastric nervous system

Golgin, RAB6 interacting (common alternative name: Gorab)

resembles a group of homodimeric rod-like proteins, the golgins, which function in vesicle tethering - golgins associate through their C-termini with different

Golgi domains, and their N-termini both capture vesicles and provide specificity to their tethering - binds to Sas6 as a monomer to mediate centriole duplication

G protein α q subunit

splice variants play roles in phototransduction, retinal integrity and function in rhodopsin synthesis - regulation of wing growth - regulation of nociceptor

sensitivity in larvae - DAMB signals via Gq to mediate forgetting in Drosophila - regulation of dendritic growth - regulation of

sensitivity to ethanol - control of body fat storage - Regulates of dual oxidase activity in Drosophila gut immunity - modulation of axonal pathfinding

G protein αi subunit

G protein α subunit involved in regulating asymmetric cell division - Ric-8 regulates Gαi cortical localization

to promote Gαi-dependent planar orientation of the mitotic spindle during asymmetric cell division

G protein β-subunit 13F

β subunit of heterotrimeric G protein complex - maternal expression involved in oogenesis - zygotic expression involved in

regulating the Wnt pathway, asymmetric cell division, wing maturation and maintaining cardiac integrity

G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2

Serine/threonine protein kinase - involved in a receptor-mediated signaling pathway that utilizes cAMP as a second messenger -

involved in oogenesis and implicated in learning

G protein α o subunit

G protein alpha subunit - regulates mesenchymal-epithelial transition that takes place in cardial cells and precursor cells of the visceral musculature

G protein α s subunit

s-α subunit of heterotrimeric G protein - regulates cyclic AMP second messenger system - functions in learning

grapes

kinase - Chk1 homolog - cell cycle checkpoint protein - grp replication-checkpoint

mutations and DNA damage trigger a Chk2-dependent block at the Drosophila midblastula transition

grain (common alternative name: dGATAc)

zinc finger - GATA family - required during development for shaping the adult legs and the larval posterior spiracles

grainy head

a maternally expressed bHLH transcription factor that regulates precise timing of gene expression

early in development - a key regulator of epidermal barrier formation and repair - a temporally

expressed regulator of neural cell identity functioning during embryonic and larval development

Gram-negative bacteria binding protein 3

a pattern recognition receptor that is required for the detection of fungal cell wall components -

required for Toll pathway activation in response to fungal infections

grappa

a histone methyltransferase that modifies the lysine 79 residue of histone H3 - necessary for the maintenance

phase of Bithorax complex expression - has characteristics of both polycomb- and trithorax-group genes

Grasp65

signaling protein that exhibits a dynamic association to the membrane of the early exocytic pathway and is involved building the Golgi stack

greatwall

kinase that coordinates with Polo for mitotic progression - absence of Gwl during meiosis results in excessive and/or premature Polo activity

leading to premature loss of sister chromatid cohesion

grim

pro-apoptotic protein whose N-terminus functions by disrupting IAP binding to caspases -
an additional mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic function carried out by a centrally located GH3 domain

grindelwald

tumour necrosis factor receptor - JNK signalling - integrates apoptotic functions from Eiger

with signaling from apical polarity determinants to induce JNK-dependent cell death or tumour growth

Grip

Scaffolding and signaling protein - participates in the reception of an attractive signal that emanates

from muscle epidermal attachment sites to direct the motility of developing muscles

groovin (preferred name: short stop)

cytoskeletal cross-linker protein - expressed in the tendons and is essential for muscle-dependent tendon cell differentiation -

required for sensory and motor axons to reach their targets in the Drosophila embryo

groucho

transcription factor - WD40 domain - E(spl) complex - partners transcriptional repressors by functioning as a co-repressor

Growth-blocking peptide

a secreted cytokine that mediates acute innate immune reactions through association with IMD - activates Phospholipase C

which promotes increases in the levels of inositol phosphates involved in intracellular signaling - regulates larval growth

Grunge

transcriptional cofactor for Even-skipped - positive regulator of teashirt - homolog of mammalian Atrophin

GTPase-activating protein 1

Ras GTPase-activating protein with PH domain and C2-domain - functions in cone cell precursors to down-regulate Ras1

Guanylyl cyclase at 76C

cGMP production - receptor-type protein possessing a single transmembrane

domain - required for Semaphorin-1a-Plexin A directed repulsive axon guidance

guftagu (common alternative name: Cul-3)

Cullen-3 homolog acting in protein degradation - loss of function has pleiotropic effects during development,

including defects in external sensory organ development, pattern formation and cell growth and survival - targets Cubitus interruptus

GUK-holder

Scaffolding protein involved in synaptic budding - interacts with the GUK domain of Discs large - required for the proper synaptic localization of Scribbled

gurken

TGFß homolog - EGF-R ligand - required for anterior-posterior and dorsoventral patterning of the egg and

embryo - Syntaxin A1 is associated with the Golgi membrane and is required for the transportation of Grk-containing

vesicles along the microtubules to their dorsal anterior destination in the oocyte

Gustatory receptor 5a (common alternative name:Trehalose-sensitivity)

G-protein coupled receptor - Taste receptor - input from sugar-sensitive neurons in the labellar, tarsal, and other gustatory

organs controls the proboscis extension reflex and the feeding behavior

Gustatory receptor 21a and Gustatory receptor 63a

GPCRs that confer CO₂-chemosensation in Drosophila

Gustatory receptor 43a

nutrient sensor for hemolymph fructose - promotes feeding in hungry flies but suppresses feeding in satiated flies

Gustatory receptor 64a

taste receptor - response to sugar - a primary receptors used in the labellum to detect sugars

Gustatory receptor 66a

7 transmembrane protein - taste receptor - mediates aversion to bitter taste in the labellum, pharynx, legs, wings, and abdomen

- mediates suppression of feeding behavior by the insect repellent DEET - mediates aversion to caffeine

Gustatory receptor 68a

an essential component of pheromone-driven courtship behavior

gutfeeling (preferred name: Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme)

modifies the activity of Ornithine decarboxylase - regulates the nuclear entry and overall levels of Sex-lethal in early germ cells

H15 and midline

T-box transcription factors that participate in cardiac fate specificity - Midline regulates

axon guidance by blocking the reiteration of neuroblast rows within the Drosophila ventral nerve cord

Hairless

novel basic protein - a major antagonist of the Notch signaling-pathway - associates with Suppressor of Hairless, thereby inhibiting trans-activation of Notch target genes

hairy

transcription factor - bHLH - Hairy/E(spl) class - during embryogenesis it participates as a primary pair-rule gene in the establishment of segments -

in the larval stage it functions negatively in determining the pattern of sensory bristles on the adult fly.

Hakai

E3 ubiquitin ligase - required for stabilization of core components of the m⁶A mRNA methylation machinery - functions in the sex determination pathway - mediates splicing of Sex lethal

Hairy/E(spl)-related with YRPW motif

bHLH-Orange protein family - expressed in a subset of newly born neurons that receive Notch signalling -

promotes one of two alternative fates adopted by sibling neurons

half pint (common alternative name: poly-U-binding splicing factor)

RNA recognition motif protein - functions in both constitutive and alternative splicing - required during

oogenesis - functions in Myc transcriptional repression and cell growth control, via interaction with the transcription factor Haywire.

hamlet

zinc finger - regulates cell identity in the peripheral nervous system - a binary genetic switch that acts to repress a multiple dendritic arbor

and promote single-dendrite morphology - controls nociceptive behavior in sensory neurons

Hand

Member of a conserved family of bHLH transcription factors that performs a conserved function in cardiogenesis - also required for hematopoiesis

hangover

a nuclear RNA binding protein that regulates dunce transcript levels, bouton growth at the neuromuscular

junction, and cellular stress in response to ethanol, heat and paraquat

happyhour

a MAP4K3 that regulates TOR activity detected by phosphorylation of S6K and 4EBP - required for amino acids to stimulate

TOR complex activity - binds physically to the Rag GTPases - promotes caspase-dependent apoptosis

Haspin

a kinase that associates with the cohesin complex in interphase - mediates Pds5 binding to chromatin - cooperates with Pds5-cohesin to modify Polycomb-dependent

homeotic transformations - asymmetric inheritance of centromeric proteins upon stem cell division - regulation of stem cell fate in asymmetric cell

division - phosphorylation at threonine 3 of H3 distinguishes pre-existing versus newly synthesized H3 distinguishing sister chromatids enriched with

distinct pools of H3 in order to coordinate asymmetric segregation of "old" H3 into GSCs - tight regulation of H3T3 phosphorylation is required for male germline activity

HDAC6

a microtubule-associated deacetylase - interacts with polyubiquitinated proteins to stimulate autophagy

as a compensatory degradation system when the ubiquitin-proteasome system is impaired

headcase

novel basic protein - expression prefigures the mitotic activation of imaginal tissue proliferation - regulates tracheal branching

head involution defective (common alternative name: Wrinkled)

death domain protein - programmed cell death - cell death function required for the movement of the dorsal fold

across the procephalon and clypeolabrum, a process that forms the frontal sac

heartbroken (preferred name: stumps)

novel signal transduction protein functioning downstream of two FGF receptors -

mutations are associated with defects in the migration and later specification of mesodermal and tracheal cells wg

via stabilization of the negative elongation factor complex - promotes anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome function during cell cycle exit -

acts to generate neuroblast cortical polarity - acts to prevent phenotypic variation

Heat shock factor

master regulator of heat shock response - leucine zipper transcription factor

Heat-shock-protein-70Aa

molecular chaperone - heat shock response - thermotolerance - border cell migration, poised RNA polymerase

Heat shock protein 83 (common alternative name: Heat shock protein 90)

regulation of heat shock response, nucleus-limited hsrω-n transcripts (hsrω-RB and RG on Flybase) interact

with several RNA processing proteins and organize the nucleoplasmic omega speckles compartmentalization - management of

aggregation-prone hnRNPs - the architectural RNA hsrω affects sub-cellular localization of Drosophila FUS to drive neurodiseases

Heat shock RNA ω

a molecular chaperones that promotes the maturation of several important proteins - maintains and optimizes RNA polymerase II pausing

via stabilization of the negative elongation factor complex - promotes anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome function during cell cycle exit -

acts to generate neuroblast cortical polarity - acts to prevent phenotypic variation

hedgehog

Hedgehog N-terminal signaling domain and C-terminal autoprocessing domain - helps establish embryonic segmentation - a segment polarity

intercellular signaling protein - cooperates with Frazzled to guide axons through a non-canonical signalling

pathway - A local difference in Hedgehog signal transduction increases mechanical

cell bond tension and biases cell intercalations along the Drosophila anteroposterior compartment boundary

held out wings

KH motif - putative RNA-binding protein - functions in the migration and attachment of somatic muscle cells - targets Dpp mRNA -

cell divisions in the embryonic mesoderm are repressed via posttranscriptional regulation of string/cdc25 by How - repression

of the Drosophila midkine and pleiotrophin homolog miple by HOW is essential for correct mesoderm spreading

Helicase at 25E (common alternative name: UAP56)

DExH/D RNA helicase required in the nucleus for mRNA export - required in the cytoplasm for remodeling

the transacting factors that dictate mRNA cytoplasmic destination

Helix loop helix protein 106 (common alternative name: Sterol regulatory element-binding protein, SREBP)

bHLH-leucine zipper transcription factor - membrane bound HLH106 is released by phosphatidylethanolamine, exerting feedback control

on the synthesis of fatty acids and phospholipids - cleavage by Drice releases an SREBP fragment to travel to the nucleus

where it mediates the increased transcription of target genes needed for lipid synthesis and uptake

hemipterous

a serine/threonine protein kinase (MapKK/JunKK) involved in dorsal closure - involved in the

Jun-N-terminal kinase pathway by phosphorylating Basket - required for the correct differentiation of epithelia

HEM-protein (common alternative name: kette)

alternatively a membrane associated and a cytosolic protein that transduces information to the neuronal cytoskeleton affecting axon

guidance - coordinates myoblast junction dissolution and the Scar-WASp ratio during myoblast fusion

Hen1

RNA methyltransferase - carries out methylation of small interfering RNAs, the final step in assembly of RISC occurring

after the Argonaute-bound siRNA duplex is converted to single-stranded RNA

Hepatocyte growth factor regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (common alternative name: Hrs)

endosomal sorting of ubiquitinated receptors - targeting of EGFR, PVR, Notch, Hedgehog and Dpp receptors for degradation

Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4

zinc finger transcription factor - mutants show defects in midgut, Malpighian tubule and salivary gland development - regulates

lipid mobilization and β-oxidation - Sir2 acts through HNF4 to maintain insulin signaling and metabolic homeostasis

hephaestus

polypyrimidine tract binding protein - controls alternative splicing - required to attenuate Notch activity after ligand-dependent activation during wing development - functions in male germline

hermaphrodite

C₂H² zinc finger transcription factor - plays a permissive role in sex determination and differentiation - required for female sexual differentiation

Hertzog

Protein-serine/threonine phosphatase, Prion-like protein, maternal effect gene required for proper establishment of segment polarity in embryos

heterochromatin protein 1 (preferred name: Suppressor of variegation 205)

chromodomain - Polycomb group - chromatin associated protein - required both for activation of heterochromatic genes and silencing

of euchromatic genes - HP1a and Piwi collaborate to maintain the association of achiasmate homologs in Drosophila oocytes -

maintenance of heterochromatin by the large subunit of the replication-coupled histone chaperone CAF-1

requires its interaction with HP1a - histone variant H2A.V works in concert with HP1 to promote kinetochore-driven microtubule formation

Heterochromatin Protein 1c

chromodomain protein - chromatin interactor and organizer - transcriptional co-regulator -

transcriptional activator - a components of a multiprotein complex involved in nervous system development - regulator of telomere function

Heterochromatin Protein 1e

testis-specific HP1 protein that acts during spermiogenesis by exerting post-fertilization control

to ensure faithful chromosome segregation in the embryo

Hexamethylene bisacetamide inducible

negative regulator of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoters - ensures the integrity of Hedgehog signaling

in the wing disc - component of a macromolecular complex that keeps TEFb in a catalytically inactive state

HGTX

homeobox, NK decapeptide domain transcription factor - acts within a subclass of early born neurons to link

neuronal subtype identity to neuronal morphology and connectivity - acts in parallel with

exex to promote the development and differentiation of motor neurons that innervate ventral body wall muscles

hibris

Ig repeat transmembrane protein with fibronectin type III domain - a receptor involved in muscle cell fusion

HIF prolyl hydroxylase (alternative name: fatiga)

oxygen sensor - a specific prolyl-4-hydroxylases required for hydroxylation of key prolyl residues in the HIFα sequence -

Fe (II) and 2-oxoglutarate dependent dioxygenase superfamily protein that uses O₂ as a co-substrate for catalysis -

involved in tracheal development, oogenesis and drives cell growth downstream of Cyclin D

Hig-anchoring scaffold protein

component of synaptic cleft of brain cholinergic synapses, regulates levels of Discs large and nAChR subunits

at postsynaptic terminals, required for trapping Hikaru genki at the synapse

High mobility group protein D

transcription factor - HMG domain protein - responsible for transcriptional silencing during early development - required for proper morphogenesis of sensory neuron dendrites

highwire

synaptic protein - B-box zinc finger superfamily - a negative regular of synaptic growth - regulates guidance of sister axons in the mushroom body

hiiragi (also known as poly(A) polymerase)

involved in both nuclear and cytoplasmic polyadenylation of mRNA - controls the formation of the wing margin

hikaru genki

synaptic protein - IG superfamily - required at during pupariation for the formation of normal neural circuitry - exhibits segregated distribution within

synaptic clefts and plays a distinct roles in synaptogenesis - localizes to cholinergic synaptic clefts and regulates postsynaptic organization in the Drosophila brain.

hindsight (preferred name: pebbled)

multiple zinc finger transcription factor - regulates some aspect of amnioserosal signalling to surrounding ectoderm promoting

germ band retraction - functions in both the specification and differentiation of stem cells in the adult midgut of Drosophila

hippo

a serine/threonine kinase - acts in conjunction with Salvador and Warts to restrict cell growth - promotes cell death by decreasing the level of Thread, an inhibitor of apoptosis - polycomb

genes interact with the tumor suppressor genes hippo and warts in the maintenance of sensory neuron dendrites

Hira (alternative name Sesame)

histone chaperone - required for nucleosome assembly during sperm nucleus decondensation - GAGA factor and

FACT-dependent replacement of methylated histone H3 by H3.3 occurs through association with Hira

Histamine-gated chloride channel subunit 1

an ion transmembrane transport complex subunit that contributes to thermotaxis and chloride transport - color-opponent processing

of UVshort/blue and UVlong/green is implemented in R7/R8 inner photoreceptor terminals of "pale" and "yellow" ommatidia, respectively

. R7 and R8 photoreceptors of the each ommatidium mutually inhibit each other directly via HisCl1 and receive additional feedback inhibition that requires

the second histamine receptor Ort - color-opponent processing at the first visual synapse represents an unexpected commonality between Drosophila and vertebrates

Histone deacetylase 1 (alternative name: Rpd3)

histone deacetylase functioning in gene silencing - interacts with Groucho - required for starvation stress

resistance - interacts with insulin signaling in Drosophila longevity extension

Histone deacetylase 3

chromatin component - deacetylates histone H4 - counteracts the overgrowth induced by InR, PI3K or S6K over-expression -

a target of the PI3K pathway - helps retain chromatin compaction and gene silencing in nuclear lamina-interacting multigenic chromatin domains

Histone gene-specific Epigenetic Repressor in late S phase

chromatin component - a molecular switch linking epigenetic gene silencing to cell cycle-dependent histone production

Histone H1

Chromatin component - linker histone - stabilize a higher order 30 nm diameter chromatin fiber that is fundamental to the structural organization of chromosomes

Histone H1 variant BigH1

germline linker histone that enhances transcriptional silencing - replaced by somatic dH1 in somatic cells - oogenesis and

spermatogenesis - along with the translational regulator Bam forms a repressor loop essential for male germ stem cell differentiation

Histone H2A

Chromatin component - a core histone that can be modified by ubiquitination - a target of polycomb gene silencing - involved in trans-histone

regulation through histone H3 - H2A monoubiquitination promotes histone H3 methylation in Polycomb repression

Histone H2B

Nucleosome core histone component, chromatin assembly, target of ubiquitination by the dosage compensation and SWI/SNF complexes,

regulates of neuronal connectivity in the visual system, regulates Notch target genes and repression of key differentiation genes

Histone H2A variant

replacement histone participates in an ordered cascade of events leading to the establishment of

heterochromatin - controls poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) activation in chromatin

Histone H3

Nucleosome component - core histone - Histone H3 Serine 28 is essential for efficient Polycomb-mediated gene repression - transposon silencing

is a major developmental function of H3K9 - JIL-1 targets Histone H3 during dosage compensation

Histone H3.3A

H3 histone subtype - deposition is coupled to transcription and continues while a gene is active -

histone replacement suggests a mechanism to maintain both the structure of chromatin and access to DNA at active genes

Histone H4

Nucleosome component - core histone - acetylation of Histone H4 plays a positive role in promoting access of transcription factors

to nucleosomal DNA - depletion of Histone deacetylase 3 antagonizes PI3K-mediated overgrowth through the acetylation of histone H4

at lysine 16 - H4 lysine 20 monomethyl mark, set by PR-Set7 and stabilized by L(3)mbt, is necessary for proper interphase chromatin organization

HLH54F

bHLH transcription factor - earliest specific regulator of caudal visceral mesoderm development

HMG Coenzyme A reductase (common alternative name: columbus)

catalyzes the biosynthesis of a mevalonate precursor for isoprenoids - functions in the hedgehog signaling pathway,

implicated in the production of a signal by the somatic gonadal precursor cells that attracts migrating germ cells

Hnf4

zinc finger transcription factor - mutants show defects in midgut, Malpighian tubule and salivary gland development - activated by fatty acids

released from triglycerides, inducing enzymes that drive fatty acid oxidation for energy production

Hodor (preferred name: pH-sensitive chloride channel 2)

a pH-modulated, zinc-gated chloride channel - regulates fluid secretion in Malpighian tubules - controls growth from a subset of enterocytes (interstitial cells) by promoting food

intake and insulin/IGF signalling - reduced food intake of hodor mutants is rescued by activation of Tor signalling in hodor-expressing cells - transport chloride out of interstitial

cells-thus maintaining osmolarity and water balance - lysosomal Hodor may transport chloride into the lysosome to sustain V-ATPase function, lysosomal acidification and TOR signalling

hoka

smooth septate junction component - transmembrane protein forms a complex with Ssk, Mesh, and Tsp2A and is required for the correct

localization of these proteins to septate junctions - knockdown in the adult midgut leads to intestinal barrier dysfunction and stem cell

overproliferation - required for maintaining intestinal stem cell homeostasis through the regulation of aPKC and Yki activities

Holes in muscle

WRPW motif protein that binds Groucho to inhibit both muscle differentiation and Mef2 activity during development

homeodomain interacting protein kinase

serine/threonine kinase - homolog of mammalian Homeodomain interacting protein kinase - acts as a positive regulator of Wingless pathway

by stabilizing Armadillo - promotes Notch signal transduction in the eye by inhibition of the co-repressor Groucho

homer

scaffolding protein required for the function of neural networks controlling locomotor activity and behavioral plasticity

homeless (preferred name: spindle E)

homeless DE-H family of RNA-dependent ATPases - the failure to transport Bicoid and Oskar mRNAs is the earliest defect in RNA transport observed in spn-E mutants

homothorax

homeodomain transcription factor - HM domain protein - required for Extradenticle nuclear localization -

a partner of Hox genes - required for segmentation and proper head involution

homeobrain

Paired-like homeobox transcription factor - mutants are embryonic lethal and characterized by a reduction in the anterior protocerebrum,

including the mushroom bodies, and a loss of the supraoesophageal brain commissure - in larvae expressed in all type II lineages and the optic

lobes including the medulla and lobula plug - mutants are characterized by a reduction of the protocerebrum, a loss of the supraesophageal commissure

and mushroom body progenitors and also by a dislocation of the optic lobes - Homeobrain define middle-aged and late intermediate neural

progenitor temporal windows and play a role in cellular longevity - Homeobrain has conserved functions as temporal factors in the developing visual system

hopscotch (common alternative name: jak kinase and janus kinase)

janus family tyrosine kinase - regulates even-skipped during segmentation -

mutation creates an activated oncogene, causing hematopoietic neoplasms, overproliferation, and premature differentiation.

Hormone receptor-like in 38

nuclear receptor superfamily - participates in a second ecdysteroid signaling pathway that responds to a distinct class of ecdysteroids

in a manner that is independent of EcR

Hormone receptor-like in 39

nuclear receptor superfamily - master regulator of a program for the production of female reproductive glands and other secretory tissues

Hormone receptor-like in 46 (common alternative name: DHR3)

transcription factor - nuclear receptor superfamily - a second tier regulator involved in Drosophila molting -

acts negatively on Ecdysone receptor and postively on genes expressed subsequently in the molting hierarchy

Hormone receptor 51 (common alternative name: Unfulfilled)

nuclear receptor superfamily - a thiolate heme-binding protein - necessary for mushroom body axon extension and branching

mutants modulate wing expansion and fertility through underlying neurological defects

Hormone-receptor-like in 78

nuclear receptor superfamily - mutants are blocked in their ability to trigger the mid-third instar regulatory hierarchy

Hormone receptor-like in 96

nuclear receptor superfamily - regulation of cholesterol and triacylglycerol homeostasis, genetic control of xenobiotic stress responses

HP1c

HP1 family member - mchromatin interactor and organizer - physically interacts with DNA-binding zinc-finger transcription factors

Without children and Relative-of-WOC to act as a transcriptional activator

HP1-HOAP-interacting protein (common alternative name: Hiphop)

interacts with HOAP and HP1 to protect Drosophila telomeres - a large domain of telomeric chromatin is enriched with HipHop, HOAP and

HP1, suggesting that this capping complex prevents end fusion by maintaining a chromatin state that is independent of its underlying DNA sequence

HP1-HOAP-interacting protein

Hr4

steroid hormone receptor - coordinates growth and maturation in Drosophila by mediating endocrine responses

to achieve critical weight during larval development

huckebein

tf - zinc finger - terminal gap gene - limits the extent of mesodermal development - required for proper endoderm formation

Hugin

controls growth and metabolism - encodes at least two distinct neuropeptides; one, hug-γ, has homology

to an ecdysone triggering hormone and a second, Drm-PK-2, is a pyrokinin with myostimulatory activity

hu-li tai shao

homolog of mammalian adducin - necessary for actin localization to ring canals during oogenesis

hunchback

transcription factor - zinc finger - a gap gene later expressed in neuroblasts - required for

proper temporal generation of cellular sublineages during neurogenesis

huntingtin

cytoskeletal scaffolding protein required for axonal transport - loss of Huntingtin

stimulates capture of retrograde dense-core vesicles to increase synaptic neuropeptide store

Hus1-like

forms a clamp-like 9-1-1 complex with Rad9 and Rad1 - plays a central role in the DNA-damage-induced checkpoint

response - required for S-phase and meiotic checkpoints

Hybrid male rescue

transcription factor and chromatin factor - boundary element protein - along with Lethal hybrid rescue interacts with HP1 to repress transcripts

from satellite DNAs and many families of transposable elements - gain-of-function phenotype causing lethality in F1 male hybrids between D. melanogaster and D. simulans

Hyperkinetic

cytoplasmic protein that acts as the β subunit and redox sensor of Shaker voltage-dependent K⁺ channels -

functional in neural pathway in arousal and circadian rhythms - interacts with Ether go-go channels

hyperplastic discs

a HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligase that is likely to act by targeting Cubitus interruptus and an unknown activator of hedgehog expression for proteolysis

hyrax

the Cdc73 component of the Polymerase-Associated Factor 1 (PAF1) complex - required for nuclear transduction of the Wnt/Wg signal -

manifests its effects on transcription through modulating chromatin structure

iab-4 (common alternative name: infraabdominal)

directly inhibits Ubx activity in vivo - ectopic expression induces a classical homeotic mutant phenotype,

the transformation of halteres into wings

Ice

a effector caspase - activated during spermatogenesis and necessary

for the removal of cytoplasm and the generation of functional sperm

IGF-II mRNA-binding protein

zipcode-binding protein - regulator of RNA transport in oocytes and neurons - regulates aging of the Drosophila testis stem-cell niche -

contributes to the localized expression of gurken mRNA in the oocyte - counteracts endogenous small interfering RNAs to stabilize mRNAs

ik2 (common alternative name: DmIKKε)

regulation of nonapoptotic caspase activity, cytoskeleton, egg DV and AP polarity

imaginal discs arrested

homolog of APC5, a subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex (APC/cyclosome) - required for proliferation of imaginal disc cells -

required for the localisation of Miranda and its associated cargo proteins to the neuroblast basal cortex

Imitation SWI

transcription factor - ATPase domain - bromodomain - gene activator - a component of a nucleosome remodeling protein complex

immune deficiency

a death domain protein involved in signal transduction during antibacterial immune response

immune response deficient 5 and kenny (common alternative names: IKKβ and IKKγ)

IkappaB kinase, respectively IKK catalytic and regulatory subunits - induction of antimicrobial peptide genes

I'm not dead yet

plasma membrane transporter of Krebs cycle intermediates - midgut - regulation of lifespan - regulation of mitochondrial function

importin alpha1

one of a family of proteins that mediates nuclear transport by linking nuclear localization signal (NLS)-containing proteins to importin beta1

inactivation no afterpotential D

scaffolding protein - PDZ domain protein - involved in visual signal transduction

inactivation no afterpotential E

diacylglycerol lipase involved in visual signal transduction and lipid metabolism

inactive

transient receptor potential vanilloid channel - expressed in chordotonal neurons where it is involved in temperature preference -

expressed in antenna were it is involved in hearing

Inducer of meiosis 4

methyltransferase- internal modification of mRNA - regulates alternative splicing and Notch

signaling - regulates sex determination and dosage compensation - modulates neural functions

inebriated

neurotransmitter:sodium symporter - mutations appear to cause increased excitability of the motor neuron by causing defective reuptake of a substrate neurotransmitter

infraabdominal (preferred name: nuclear untranslated RNA gene iab-4)

directly inhibits Ubx activity in vivo - ectopic expression induces a classical homeotic mutant phenotype,

the transformation of halteres into wings

Inhibitor of apoptosis 2

N-terminal baculovirus IAP repeat domain and C-terminal RING ubiquitin ligase domain protein - required for immune response to bacteria -

promotes cytoplasmic cleavage and nuclear translocation of the NF-kappaB homolog Relish - controls the level of caspase activity by forming

a covalent adduct with the catalytic machinery of drICE

Inner centromere protein

a component of the chromosome passenger complex - regulates activity of Aurora B kinase through a positive-feedback

loop - as a microtubule-binding protein Incenp has a well-defined centromere-targeting domain at its

N-terminus, suggesting a role in targeting the kinase to particular locations within the mitotic cell

Innexin 2

gap junction protein; blood-brain barrier glia - mediates the influence of metabolic changes on stem cell behavior;

response of glia nutritional signals - functions in oogenesis, visual transmission in lamina glia,

and proventriculus development; crucial for epithelial organization and polarity of the embryonic epidermis

Inositol 1,4,5,-tris-phosphate receptor

calcium channel - required for embryonic and larval development - involved in muscle development and is implicated in chemosensory functions

Inositol-requiring enzyme-1

protein kinase, endonuclease, a regulator of the unfolded protein response, leading to the activation

of the transcription factor Xbp1 - regulated Ire1-dependent decay - regulation of RNA splicing - photoreceptor differentiation and rhabdomere morphogenesis

inscuteable

novel protein - SH3 binding domain, ankyrin repeats and cytoskeletal attachment domain - involved in establishment apical/basal polarity

insensitive

a nuclear factor that physically interacts with Suppressor of Hairless and inhibits Notch signalling during peripheral nervous system development

insomniac

adaptor for the Cullin-3 ubiquitin ligase complex - mono-ubiquitination - together with Cul3 Inc is essential for normal sleep

regulation, compartmentalized at postsynaptic densities of the NMJ - gates retrograde

signaling - provides a molecular link between the control of sleep and homeostatic plasticity at the neuromuscular junction

Insulin-like peptide 1

ligand of the insulin/IGF-signaling pathway - expressed in brain neurosecretory cells of larvae, pupae, and adults - Mutation diminishes

organismal weight during pupal development, whereas overexpression increases it - survival during starvation is

strongly diminished in mutants - overexpression decreases survival during starvation in female flies and increases egg laying

and decreases egg to pupal viability - mutants extend lifespan and increase Akh mRNA and protein in a dilp1-dependent manner - expressed

in non-feeding stages and in diapausing flies - is under feedback regulation and appears to play sex-specific functional roles

Insulin-like peptide 6

an insulin-like peptide that is produced by the fat body - induced by metabolic stress -

promotes growth in conditions of nutritional deprivation or following developmentally induced cessation of feeding

Insulin-like peptide 7

Ilp7-producing neurons are wired with Insulin-producing cells - regulation of feeding behavior - The former cells regulate the

latter to facilitate larval development at high temperatures and to regulate systemic Insulin signaling in adults feeding on

calorie-rich food lacking dietary yeast - acute release of hub neuron-derived insulin-like peptide 7 and cognate relaxin family

receptor signaling in downstream neurons are required for noxious light avoidance - knockout of dilp7

causes increase in glycogen levels and simultaneous decrease in triglyceride levels at low protein consumption

Insulin-like peptide 8

ensures developmental stability and robustness - delays metamorphosis by inhibiting ecdysone biosynthesis thus slowing growth

in the imaginal discs - coordinates tgrowth status of tissues with developmental timing

Insulin-like receptor

receptor tyrosine kinase - a key component of an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway that plays an essential role in controlling body, organ, and cell size

Insulin-related peptide

Insulin-like growth factor that functions as a growth stimulator - regulates of trehalose metabolism

integrin - ß PS (preferred name myospheroid)

transmembrane - integrin - ß subunit - a major component of the cell's machinery

for adherence to substrate, based on a calcium dependent process that produces a focal adhesion plaque

Integrin linked kinase

s/t kinase with ankyrin repeats - required for integrin-mediated adhesion - links the cytoskeleton via integrins to the plasma membrane

interference Hedgehog

IGcam membrane protein - binds Hedgehog and mediates Hedgehog response

intermediate neuroblasts defective

homeodomain protein - determines the identity of the ventral most column of neuroblasts

invected

transcription factor - homeodomain - engrailed class - cooperates with engrailed in establishing posterior compartment identity

Inverse regulator a (preferred name: Protein 1 of cleavage and polyadenylation factor 1)

RNA binding motif protein - dismantles elongation complexes by a RNA Polymerase II C-terminal domain (CTD) dependent mechanism

- forms a bridge between the CTD and RNA

Inverted repeat binding protein 18 kDa

bZIP transcription factor - Minute cell competition, arising from mutation of ribosomal proteins, requires the transcription factors

Irbp18 and Xrp1 - Xrp1 forms heterodimers with Irbp18, and removal of Irbp18 also strongly suppresses the competitive

elimination of Rp/+ cells in mosaic tissues - IRBP18/Xrp1 heterodimer binds sequence-specifically to its dsDNA-binding site

within P-element terminal inverted repeats - both proteins are critical for repair of DNA breaks following transposase cleavage in vivo

Inwardly rectifying potassium channel 1, 2, and 3 common alternative names: Kir1, Kir2 and Kir3

potassium inward rectifier (Kir) superfamily of channels - inward rectifiers allow a much greater K(+) influx than efflux -

osmoregulation - hind gut - Malpighian tubules - regulation of spike discharge frequency and amplitude of the evoked EPSPa at the

neuromuscular junction - a principal potassium conductance pathway in the salivary gland that is required for sucrose feeding

Ionotropic receptor 8a

a member of a novel family of chemosensory receptor ion channels - variant ionotropic glutamate receptor-like protein - expressed on antennal neurons

Ionotropic receptor 21a

mediator of heat seeking in the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae - Ir21a mediates heat avoidance in Drosophila - antenna

Ionotropic receptor 25a

Ionotropic Receptor (IR) family of variant ionotropic glutamate receptors part of an input pathway to the circadian clock that detects small

temperature differences - required for humidity preference - co-receptor subunit in chemosensation and thermosensation

Ionotropic receptor 56d

ionotropic receptor for fatty acids - IR56d neurons are broadly responsive to short-, medium-, and long-chain fatty acids - genetic

deletion of IR56d selectively disrupts response to medium-chain fatty acids - along with GR64f, necessary for proboscis extension

response (PER) to medium-chain fatty acids - sweet GRN activation requires the function of IR25a, IR76b and IR56d

Ionotropic receptor 64a

chemosensory receptor ion channel - detection of acid

Ionotropic receptor 76b

chemosensory detection of various amines and salt - a probable co-receptor subunit

Ionotropic receptor 84a

chemosensory ionotropic glutamate receptor family protein, regulation of male courtship behavior, response to aromatic odors

Ion transport peptide

an endocrine regulator of thirst and excretion, which integrates water homeostasis with feeding - regulates sleep through the photoperiod network - expressed in

pars lateralis neurosecretory neurons, three hindgut-innervating neurons in abdominal ganglia, and a stage-specific number of interneurons and peripheral bipolar neurons

IplI-aurora-like kinase (preferred name: Aurora B)

signaling protein involved in chromatin condensation during mitosis

Ipou (preferred name: Abnormal chemosensory jump 6)

transcription factor - homeodomain and POU domain - determines odorant response profile of subsets of olfactory neurons

islet (preferred name: tailup)

transcription factor - homeodomain and LIM domain - required in combination with other transcription factors for serotonergic and dopaminergic neuron identity

ISWI (preferred name: Imitation SWI)

transcription factor - ATPase domain - bromodomain - gene activator - a component of a nucleosome remodeling protein complex

jaguar

Drosophila myosin VI, a pointed end directed molecular motor - involved in asymmetric cell division -

regulates actin dynamics during sperm individualization

jak kinase (preferred name: hopscotch, common alternative name: janus kinase)

janus family tyrosine kinase - regulates even-skipped during segmentation -

mutation creates an activated oncogene, causing hematopoietic neoplasms, overproliferation, and premature differentiation.

jelly belly

a secreted ligand that contains an LDL receptor repeat - required for visceral mesoderm development

jetlag

an F-box protein with leucine-rich repeats (LRRs), a putative component of a SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex -

essential for resetting the clock by transmitting light signals from Cryptochrome to Timeless resulting in the degredation of Timeless

JIL-1 kinase

protein serine/threonine kinase involved in dosage compensation - phosphorylates the His3 Serine 10 residue - antagonizes

heterochromatization - regulates levels of gene expression by controlling the distribution of the epigenetic histone His3 Lysine 9 dimethylation

jim lovell

BTB/POZ zinc finger transcription factor - required for endopolyploid growth in larval trachea - functions

in the late specification of several classes of sensory neurons - mutant larvae show feeding and locomotor defects

jing

zinc finger transcription factor - a downstream target of slbo required for border cell migration -

also plays an essential role in controlling CNS midline and tracheal cell differentiation

jing-interacting gene regulatory 1

a putative DNA-binding protein containing a MADF domain - hosts miR-92a in the intron and miR-92b

in the 3'UTR - miRNA limits expression in neuroblasts and is essential for maintenance of a neuroblast pool

Jumeau (common alternative names: Domina and Jumeaux)

forkhead/winged-helix class - a suppressor of position effect variegation that also affects and regulates eye and

bristle development - acts upstream of a Polo-kinase dependent pathway - its roles included asymmetric

protein localization, chromatin modification, dendrite formation and organ (eye, wing and bristle) development

Jumonji, AT rich interactive domain 2 (alternative name: Jarid2)

component of Polycomb repressive complex 2, which is involved in methylation of histone 3 at K27, required for transcriptional repression

Jun amino terminal kinase (JNK) (preferred name: basket)

MAP kinase homolog - regulates cell shape change and epidermal layer movement during dorsal closure - developmental

axon pruning requires destabilization of cell adhesion by JNK signaling - Notch and Mef2 synergize to promote proliferation

and metastasis through JNK signal activation in Drosophila

Jun related antigen (common alternative name: DJun)

transcription factor - basic leucine zipper - cooperates with the ETS domain protein Pointed to induce R7 fate in

the developing eye - normal dendrite growth in Drosophila motor neurons requires the AP-1 (a Fos, Jun heterodimer) transcription factor

KaiR1D (CG3822)

glutamate channel - kainate family protein - localized to presynaptic terminals of the neuromuscular junction - eya - homeostatic potentiation of synaptic strength

kakapo - preferred name: short stop

cytoskeletal cross-linker protein - expressed in the tendons and is essential for muscle-dependent tendon cell differentiation -

required for sensory and motor axons to reach their targets in the Drosophila embryo

karst (common alternative name: betaHeavy Spectrin)

cytoskeletal protein - structural and docking protein - a junctional protein involved in cell adhesion -

Spectrin regulates Hippo signaling by modulating cortical actomyosin activity

karyopherin α1 (common alternative name: importin α1)

one of a family of proteins that mediates nuclear transport by linking nuclear localization signal (NLS)-containing proteins to importin β1 - Imediates Yorkie nuclear import via an N-terminal non-canonical nuclear localization signal

Katanin-60

AAA+ family enzyme that suppresses polymerization of microtubule plus-ends - regulates cell migration -

acts in mitosis to stimulates microtubule plus-end depolymerization and Pacman-based chromatid motility

kayak (common alternative name: Fos-related antigen)

transcription factor - basic leucine zipper - regulates dorsal closure - also required downstream from Decapentaplegic signaling for the regulation of labial

in the midgut - Fos and Jun potentiate individual release sites and mobilize the reserve synaptic-vesicle pool at the Drosophila larval motor synapse

kekkon-1

Ig domain protein, Leucine-rich repeat protein - plays a role in axonal outgrowth in the central nervous system -

acts in a negative feedback loop to modulate the activity of the Egfr tyrosine kinase during oogenesis

kelch

cytoskeletal protein - actin cross-linker - during oogenesis, phosphorylation of Kelch is critical for the proper morphogenesis of actin during

ring canal growth - actin cytoskeletal organization in Drosophila germline ring canals depends on Kelch function in a Cullin-RING E3 ligase.

ken and barbie

BTB-POZ domain transcription factor with C-terminal zinc finger - recruits NURF by physical

interaction to engender transcriptional repression - involved in genital disc development

kenny and immune response deficient 5 (common alternative names: IKKγ and IKKβ)

IkappaB kinase, respectively IKK regulatory and catalytic subunits - induction of antimicrobial peptide genes

Keren

ligand for Epidermal growth factor receptor - homolog of Spitz with partially independent functional activity -

provides an autocrine mitogenic stimulus in midgut progenitor cells

ketel (preferred name: Female sterile (2) Ketel)

Importin-β - an essential component of nuclear protein import, spindle formation and nuclear envelope assembly

kette (preferred name: HEM-protein)

alternatively a membrane associated and a cytosolic protein that transduces information to the neuronal cytoskeleton affecting

axon guidance - Kette/Nap1/Hem-2 coordinates myoblast junction dissolution and the Scar-WASp ratio during myoblast fusion

kibra

signaling protein that functions together with Merlin and Expanded in a protein complex that regulates the Hippo kinase cascade

via direct binding to Hippo and Salvador

kinase suppressor of ras

Ras pathway scaffolding protein - Ksr associates independently with Raf and Mek, and these interactions facilitate formation of a RAF/MEK complex

thus promoting signaling through the Ras pathway

Kinesin associated protein 3

the non-motor accessory subunit of Kinesin II - involved in intraflagellar transport - required for the axoneme growth and maintenance of the cilia

in Drosophila type I sensory neurons - expressed in Johnston's organ and required for hearing

Kinesin heavy chain

plus end directed vesicular transport motor protein - microtubule-microtubule sliding by kinesin-1 is essential for normal cytoplasmic streaming

in Drosophila oocytes - heterotrimeric kinesin-2, together with kinesin-1, steers vesicular acetylcholinesterase movements toward the synapse

Kinesin-like protein at 10A

mitotic kinesin required to depolymerize microtubules at their pole-associated minus ends thereby moving chromatids by means of

poleward flux - a stem cell centrosome-enriched kinesin that balances asymmetries in Drosophila male germline stem cell division

Kinesin-like protein at 61F

motor protein - crosslinking and sliding activities during mitosis facilitate accumulation within antiparallel interpolar MTs

at the equator, where the motor generates force to drive spindle poleward flux and pole-pole separation

Kinesin-like protein at 64D & Kinesin-like protein at 68D

cytoskeletonal motor protein - Klp64D and Klp68D are kinesin-2α kinesin-2β motor subunits of the heterotrimeric kinesin-2 - Klp64D associates with Klp68D

and Kap3 - Klp64D and Klp68D play an essential role in sensory cilia assembly and axonal transport - microtubule organization in dendrites - hearing

kin of irre (common alternative name: dumbfounded)

IG superfamily - required for myoblast aggregation and fusion - Roughest, Hibris, Kin of Irre

and Sticks and Stones are required for long range spacing of the Drosophila wing disc sensory sensilla

kismet

member of the SWI2/SNF2 family of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling factors - facilitates an early step in transcriptional elongation by Pol II - Kis roles

include developmental patterning of the embryo, cell proliferation, eye development, synaptic transmission, axonal pruning, and memory

krotzkopf verkehrt

a key enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of chitin, an important component of the Drosophila epidermis, trachea,

and other tissues - development of ball-and-socket joints in the Drosophila leg - wound repair - extracellular matrix

klarsicht

controls bidirectional transport of lipid droplets, nuclear migration and transport of secretory vesicles - regulates

microtubule stability and integrin receptor localization during collective cell migration

klumpfuss

transcription factor - zinc finger - early growth response family - involved in determination

of the identities of secondary precursor cells within neuroblast lineages in the central nervous system - a genetic cascade

involving klumpfuss, nab and castor specifies the abdominal leucokinergic neurons in the Drosophila CNS

knirps

transcription factor - steroid receptor - zinc finger - a gap gene that later organizes the development of the

second wing vein - Groucho corepressor functions as a cofactor for the Knirps short-range transcriptional repressor

knot (common alternative name: collier)

EBF/Olf-1 homolog, HLH protein - required for the formation of the hypopharyngeal

lobe - directly promotes Drosophila blood cell progenitor maintenance independently of the niche

kramer

regulates Wnt signaling by antagonizing Kelch, a Cullin-3 E3 ligase adaptor that mediates Dishevelledpolyubiquitination

Krimper

a component of nuage in the germline that functions to repress selfish genetic elements - Aub and Ago3 are recruited to nuage to form a ping-pong complex assembled by Krimper - simultaneously binds the N-terminal regions of Aub and Ago3 to promote generation of new piRNA - Krimper enforces an antisense bias on piRNA pools by binding AGO3 in the Drosophila germline

Krüppel

transcription factor - zinc finger transcriptional repressor - gap gene required later for proper generation of neural sublineages - enriched

in the larval eye and controls photoreceptor differentiation by promoting Rh5 and Rh6 expression

Kruppel homolog 1

zinc finger transcription factor - mediates some of the juvenile hormone signaling in the adult abdominal epidermis

and is upstream of broad in this pathway

kugelei (common alternative names: fat-like, fat2)

a cadherin related to Fat - required for the planar polarity of actin filament orientation

at the basal side of ovarian follicle cells - acts non-autonomously in follicle cells in the transmission of polarity information

required for morphogenesis and maintenance of tubular structures of ectodermal origin

kurtz

non-visual β-arrestin that functions in GPCR desensitization - regulates the Hedgehog pathway, the Notch pathway,

MAPK signaling and Toll signaling - modifies exploratory activity and olfactory sensitivity

kuzbanian

disintegrin and metalloprotease motifs - neurogenic gene - crucial for proper heart formation

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