2412. Larsson, J., Chen, J. D., Rasheva, V., Rasmuson-Lestander, A. and Pirrotta, V. (2001). Painting of fourth, a chromosome-specific protein in Drosophila. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 98, 6273-6278.

2413. Latter, B.D.H. (1970). Selection for a threshold character in Drosophila. III. Genetic control of variability in plateaued populations. Genet. Res., Camb. 15, 285-300.

2414. Laubichler, M.D. (1999). Seeing is believing, but what do we see? Science 284, 58.

2415. Laudet, V., Stehelin, D., and Clevers, H. (1993). Ancestry and diversity of the HMG box superfamily. Nucleic Acids Res. 21, 2493-2501.

2416. Laughon, A.S., Kirkpatrick, H., and Johnson, K. (2001). Repression of Dpp targets by Brinker. Proc. 42nd Ann. Drosophila Res. Conf. Abstracts Vol., a125.

2417. Lavrov, S.A. and Cavalli, G. (2001). Chromatin organisation of the cellular memory module (CMM). Proc. 42nd Ann. Drosophila Res. Conf. Abstracts Vol., a96.

2418. Lawler, S., Feng, X.-H., Chen, R.-H., Maruoka, E.M., Turck, C.W., Griswold-Prenner, I., and Derynck, R. (1997). The type II transforming growth factor-beta receptor autophosphorylates not only on serine and threonine but also on tyrosine residues. J. Biol. Chem. 272 #23, 14850-14859.

2419. Lawrence, N., Klein, T., Brennan, K., and Martinez Arias, A. (2000). Structural requirements for Notch signalling with Delta and Serrate during the development and patterning of the wing disc of Drosophila. Development 127, 3185-3195.

2420. Lawrence, P. (1979). Squaring the circle. Nature 280, 722-723.

2421. Lawrence, P. and Morata, G. (1994). Homeobox genes: their function in Drosophila segmentation and pattern formation. Cell 78, 181-189.

2422. Lawrence, P.A. (1966). Development and determination of hairs and bristles in the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus (Lygaeidae, Hemiptera). J. Cell Sci. 1, 475-498.

2423. Lawrence, P.A. (1966). Gradients in the insect segment: the orientation of hairs in the milkweed bug Oncopeltus fasciatus. J. Exp. Biol. 44, 607-620.

2424. Lawrence, P.A. (1967). The insect epidermal cell--"A simple model of the embryo". In "Insects and Physiology", (J.W.L. Beament and J.E. Treherne, ed.). Oliver & Boyd: London, pp. 53-68.

2425. Lawrence, P.A. (1970). Polarity and patterns in the postembryonic development of insects. Adv. Insect Physiol. 7, 197-266.

2426. Lawrence, P.A. (1971). The organization of the insect segment. Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol. 25, 379-392.

2427. Lawrence, P.A. (1973). The development of spatial patterns in the integument of insects. In "Developmental Systems: Insects", Vol. 2 (S.J. Counce and C.H. Waddington, ed.). Acad. Pr.: New York, pp. 157-209.

2428. Lawrence, P.A. (1975). The cell cycle and cellular differentiation in insects. In "Cell Cycle and Cell Differentiation", (J. Reinert and H. Holtzer, ed.). Springer: Berlin, pp. 111-121.

2429. Lawrence, P.A., ed. (1976). "Insect Development." Symp. Roy. Entomol. Soc. Lond., Vol. 8. Wiley, New York.

2430. Lawrence, P.A. (1981). The cellular basis of segmentation in insects. Cell 26, 3-10.

2431. Lawrence, P.A. (1984). Homoeotic selector genes--a working definition. BioEssays 1, 227-229.

2432. Lawrence, P.A. (1985). Compartment genes in hand. Nature 313, 268-269.

2433. Lawrence, P.A. (1987). Pair-rule genes: do they paint stripes or draw lines? Cell 51, 879-880.

2434. Lawrence, P.A. (1992). "The Making of a Fly: The Genetics of Animal Design." Blackwell Sci. Pub., Oxford.

2435. Lawrence, P.A. (1997). Straight and wiggly affinities. Nature 389, 546-547.

2436. Lawrence, P.A., Casal, J., and Struhl, G. (1999). hedgehog and engrailed: pattern formation and polarity in the Drosophila abdomen. Development 126, 2431-2439.

2437. Lawrence, P.A., Casal, J., and Struhl, G. (1999). The Hedgehog morphogen and gradients of cell affinity in the abdomen of Drosophila. Development 126, 2441-2449.

2438. Lawrence, P.A., Johnston, P., Macdonald, P., and Struhl, G. (1987). Borders of parasegments in Drosophila embryos are delimited by the fushi tarazu and even-skipped genes. Nature 328, 440-442.

2439. Lawrence, P.A. and Locke, M. (1997). A man for our season. Nature 386, 757-758.

2440. Lawrence, P.A. and Morata, G. (1976). The compartment hypothesis. In "Insect Development", Symp. Roy. Entomol. Soc. Lond., Vol. 8 (P.A. Lawrence, ed.). Wiley: New York, pp. 132-149.

2441. Lawrence, P.A. and Morata, G. (1976). Compartments in the wing of Drosophila: A study of the engrailed gene. Dev. Biol. 50, 321-337.

2442. Lawrence, P.A. and Morata, G. (1977). The early development of mesothoracic compartments in Drosophila: An analysis of cell lineage and fate mapping and an assessment of methods. Dev. Biol. 56, 40-51.

2443. Lawrence, P.A. and Morata, G. (1979). Pattern formation and compartments in the tarsus of Drosophila. In "Determinants of Spatial Organization", Symp. Soc. Dev. Biol., Vol. 37 (S. Subtelny and I.R. Konigsberg, ed.). Acad. Pr.: New York, pp. 317-323.

2444. Lawrence, P.A. and Morata, G. (1992). Lighting up Drosophila. Nature 356, 107-108.

2445. Lawrence, P.A. and Morata, G. (1993). A no-wing situation. Nature 366, 305-306.

2446. Lawrence, P.A. and Sampedro, J. (1993). Drosophila segmentation: after the first three hours. Development 119, 971-976.

2447. Lawrence, P.A. and Struhl, G. (1982). Further studies of the engrailed phenotype in Drosophila. EMBO J. 1, 827-833.

2448. Lawrence, P.A. and Struhl, G. (1996). Morphogens, compartments, and pattern: lessons from Drosophila? Cell 85, 951-961.

2449. Lawrence, P.A., Struhl, G., and Morata, G. (1979). Bristle patterns and compartment boundaries in the tarsi of Drosophila. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 51, 195-208.

2450. Lawrence, P.A. and Tomlinson, A. (1991). A marriage is consummated. Nature 352, 193.

2451. Lear, B.C., Skeath, J.B., and Patel, N.H. (1999). Neural cell fate in rca1 and cycA mutants: the roles of intrinsic and extrinsic factors in asymmetric division in the Drosophila central nervous system. Mechs. Dev. 88, 207-219.

2452. Lebovitz, R.M. and Ready, D.F. (1986). Ommatidial development in Drosophila eye disc fragments. Dev. Biol. 117, 663-671.

2453. Lecourtois, M. and Schweisguth, F. (1995). The neurogenic Suppressor of Hairless DNA-binding protein mediates the transcriptional activation of the Enhancer of split Complex genes triggered by Notch signaling. Genes Dev. 9, 2598-2608.

2454. Lecourtois, M. and Schweisguth, F. (1998). Indirect evidence for Delta-dependent intracellular processing of Notch in Drosophila embryos. Curr. Biol. 8, 771-774.

2455. Lecuit, T., Brook, W.J., Ng, M., Calleja, M., Sun, H., and Cohen, S.M. (1996). Two distinct mechanisms for long-range patterning by Decapentaplegic in the Drosophila wing. Nature 381, 387-393.

2456. Lecuit, T. and Cohen, S.M. (1997). Proximal-distal axis formation in the Drosophila leg. Nature 388, 139-145.

2457. Lecuit, T. and Cohen, S.M. (1998). Dpp receptor levels contribute to shaping the Dpp morphogen gradient in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc. Development 125, 4901-4907.

2458. Lee, A., Frank, D.W., Marks, M.S., and Lemmon, M.A. (1999). Dominant-negative inhibition of receptor-mediated endocytosis by a dynamin-1 mutant with a defective pleckstrin homology domain. Curr. Biol. 9, 261-264.

2459. Lee, C., Parikh, V., Itsukaichi, T., Bae, K., and Edery, I. (1996). Resetting the Drosophila clock by photic regulation of PER and a PER-TIM complex. Science 271, 1740-1744.

2460. Lee, E.-C. and Baker, N.E. (1996). Gp300Sca is not a high affinity Notch ligand. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 225, 720-725.

2461. Lee, E.-C., Hu, X., Yu, S.-Y., and Baker, N.E. (1996). The scabrous gene encodes a secreted glycoprotein dimer and regulates proneural development in Drosophila eyes. Molec. Cell Biol. 16, 1179-1188.

2462. Lee, E.-C., Yu, S.-Y., and Baker, N.E. (2000). The Scabrous protein can act as an extracellular antagonist of Notch signaling in the Drosophila wing. Curr. Biol. 10, 931-934.

2463. Lee, E.-C., Yu, S.-Y., Hu, X., Mlodzik, M., and Baker, N.E. (1998). Functional analysis of the Fibrinogen-related scabrous gene from Drosophila melanogaster identifies potential effector and stimulatory protein domains. Genetics 150, 663-673.

2464. Lee, J.D., Kraus, P., Gaiano, N., Nery, S., Kohtz, J., Fishell, G., Loomis, C.A., and Treisman, J.E. (2001). An acylatable residue of Hedgehog is differentially required in Drosophila and mouse limb development. Dev. Biol. 233, 122-136.

2465. Lee, J.D. and Treisman, J.E. (2001). The role of Wingless signaling in establishing the anteroposterior and dorsoventral axes of the eye disc. Development 128, 1519-1529.

2466. Lee, J.J., Ekker, S.C., von Kessler, D.P., Porter, J.A., Sun, B.I., and Beachy, P.A. (1994). Autoproteolysis in hedgehog protein biogenesis. Science 266, 1528-1537.

2467. Lee, J.J., von Kessler, D.P., Parks, S., and Beachy, P.A. (1992). Secretion and localized transcription suggest a role in positional signaling for products of the segmentation gene hedgehog. Cell 71, 33-50.

2468. Lee, K.J., Freeman, M., and Steller, H. (1991). Expression of the disconnected gene during development of Drosophila melanogaster. EMBO J. 10, 817-826.

2469. Lee, T., Hacohen, N., Krasnow, M., and Montell, D.J. (1996). Regulated Breathless receptor tyrosine kinase activity required to pattern cell migration and branching in the Drosophila tracheal system. Genes Dev. 10, 2912-2921.

2470. Lee, T. and Montell, D.J. (1997). Multiple Ras signals pattern the Drosophila ovarian follicle cells. Dev. Biol. 185, 25-33.

2471. Lee, T.I., Wyrick, J.J., Koh, S.S., Jennings, E.G., Gadbois, E.L., and Young, R.A. (1998). Interplay of positive and negative regulators in transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II holoenzyme. Mol. Cell. Biol. 18, 4455-4462.

2472. Lees, A.D. (1941). Operations on the pupal wing of Drosophila melanogaster. J. Genet. 42, 115-142.

2473. Lees, A.D. (1942). Homology of the campaniform organs on the wing of Drosophila melanogaster. Nature 150, 375.

2474. Lees, A.D. and Picken, L.E.R. (1945). Shape in relation to fine structure in the bristles of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. (Ser. B.) 132, 396-423.

2475. Lees, A.D. and Waddington, C.H. (1942). The development of the bristles in normal and some mutant types of Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), Ser. B 131, 87-101.

2476. Leevers, S.J. (2001). Growth control: invertebrate insulin surprises! Curr. Biol. 11, R209-R212.

2477. Leevers, S.J., Paterson, H.F., and Marshall, C.J. (1994). Requirement for Ras in Raf activation is overcome by targeting Raf to the plasma membrane. Nature 369, 411-414.

2478. Leevers, S.J., Vanhaesebroeck, B., and Waterfield, M.D. (1999). Signalling through phosphoinositide 3-kinases: the lipids take center stage. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 11, 219-225.

2479. Lefers, M. A., Wang, Q. T. and Holmgren, R. A. (2001). Genetic dissection of the Drosophila Cubitus interruptus signaling complex. Dev. Biol. 236, 411-420.

2480. Lehman, D.A., Patterson, B., Johnston, L.A., Balzer, T., Britton, J.S., Saint, R., and Edgar, B.A. (1999). Cis-regulatory elements of the mitotic regulator, string/Cdc25. Development 126, 1793-1803.

2481. Lehner, C.F. and O'Farrell, P.H. (1989). Expression and function of Drosophila Cyclin A during embryonic cell cycle progression. Cell 56, 957-968.

2482. Lehner, C.F. and O'Farrell, P.H. (1990). The roles of Drosophila cyclins A and B in mitotic control. Cell 61, 535-547.

2483. Lei, Y. and Warrior, R. (2000). The Drosophila Lissencephaly1 (DLis1) gene is required for nuclear migration. Dev. Biol. 226, 57-72.

2484. Leimeister, C., Dale, K., Fischer, A., Klamt, B., Hrabe de Angelis, M., Radtke, F., McGrew, M.J., Pourquié, O., and Gessler, M. (2000). Oscillating expression of c-Hey2 in the presomitic mesoderm suggests that the segmentation clock may use combinatorial signaling through multiple interacting bHLH factors. Dev. Biol. 227, 91-103.

2485. Leiserson, W.M., Benzer, S., and Bonini, N.M. (1998). Dual functions of the Drosophila eyes absent gene in the eye and embryo. Mechs. Dev. 73, 193-202.

2486. Leloup, J.-C. and Goldbeter, A. (2000). Modeling the molecular regulatory mechanism of circadian rhythms in Drosophila. BioEssays 22, 84-93.

2487. Lemmon, M.A., Ferguson, K.M., and Schlessinger, J. (1996). PH domains: Diverse sequences with a common fold recruit signaling molecules to the cell surface. Cell 85, 621-624.

2488. Lemon, B. and Tjian, R. (2000). Orchestrated response: a symphony of transcription factors for gene control. Genes Dev. 14, 2551-2569.

2489. Lemon, B.D. and Freedman, L.P. (1999). Nuclear receptor cofactors as chromatin remodelers. Curr. Opin. Gen. Dev. 9, 499-504.

2490. Lemon, K.P. and Grossman, A.D. (2000). Movement of replicating DNA through a stationary replisome. Molec. Cell 6, 1321-1330.

2491. Lepage, T., Cohen, S.M., Diaz-Benjumea, F.J., and Parkhurst, S.M. (1995). Signal transduction by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A in Drosophila limb patterning. Nature 373, 711-715.

2492. Leshko-Lindsay, L. and Corces, V.G. (1997). The role of selectins in Drosophila eye and bristle development. Development 124, 169-180.

2493. Lesokhin, A.M., Yu, S.-Y., Katz, J., and Baker, N.E. (1999). Several levels of EGR receptor signaling during photoreceptor specification in wild-type, Ellipse, and null mutant Drosophila. Dev. Biol. 205, 129-144.

2494. Lessing, D. and Nusse, R. (1998). Expression of wingless in the Drosophila embryo: a conserved cis-acting element lacking conserved Ci-binding sites is required for patched-mediated repression. Development 125, 1469-1476.

2495. Letsou, A., Arora, K., Wrana, J.L., Simin, K., Twombly, V., Jamal, J., Staehling-Hampton, K., Hoffmann, F.M., Gelbart, W.M., Massagué, J., and O'Connor, M.B. (1995). Drosophila Dpp signaling is mediated by the punt gene product: a dual ligand-binding type II receptor of the TGF-beta receptor family. Cell 80, 899-908.

2496. Levanon, D., Goldstein, R.E., Bernstein, Y., Tang, H., Goldenberg, D., Stifani, S., Paroush, Z., and Groner, Y. (1998). Transcriptional repression by AML1 and LEF-1 is mediated by the TLE/Groucho corepressors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 11590-11595.

2497. Levine, A., Weiss, C., and Wides, R. (1997). Expression of the pair-rule gene odd Oz (odz) in imaginal tissues. Dev. Dynamics 209, 1-14.

2498. Levine, M. and Hoey, T. (1988). Homeobox proteins as sequence-specific transcription factors. Cell 55, 537-540.

2499. Leviten, M.W., Lai, E.C., and Posakony, J.W. (1997). The Drosophila gene Bearded encodes a novel small protein and shares 3' UTR sequence motifs with multiple Enhancer of split Complex genes. Development 124, 4039-4051.

2500. Leviten, M.W. and Posakony, J.W. (1996). Gain-of-function alleles of Bearded interfere with alternative cell fate decisions in Drosophila adult sensory organ development. Dev. Biol. 176, 264-283.

2501. Lewin, B. (1998). The mystique of epigenetics. Cell 93, 301-303.

2502. Lewis, C.T. (1970). Structure and function in some external receptors. In "Insect Ultrastructure", 5th Symp. Roy. Entomol. Soc. Lond., (A.C. Neville, ed.). Blackwell: Oxford, pp. 59-76.

2503. Lewis, D.L., DeCamillis, M., and Bennett, R.L. (2000). Distinct roles of the homeotic genes Ubx and abd-A in beetle embryonic abdominal appendage development. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 4504-4509.

2504. Lewis, E. (1995). Remembering Sturtevant. Genetics 141, 1227-1230.

2505. Lewis, E.B. (1951). Pseudoallelism and gene evolution. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. Quant. Biol. 16, 159-174.

2506. Lewis, E.B. (1963). Genes and developmental pathways. Amer. Zool. 3, 33-56.

2507. Lewis, E.B. (1978). A gene complex controlling segmentation in Drosophila. Nature 276, 565-570.

2508. Lewis, E.B. (1992). Clusters of master control genes regulate the development of higher organisms. JAMA 267, 1524-1531.

2509. Lewis, E.B. (1994). Homeosis: the first 100 years. Trends Genet. 10, 341-343.

2510. Lewis, E.B. (1998). The bithorax complex: the first fifty years. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 42, 403-415.

2511. Lewis, E.B., Knafels, J.D., Mathog, D.R., and Celniker, S.E. (1995). Sequence analysis of the cis-regulatory regions of the bithorax complex of Drosophila. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 8403-8407.

2512. Lewis, J. (1981). Simpler rules for epimorphic regeneration: the polar-coordinate model without polar coordinates. J. Theor. Biol. 88, 371-392.

2513. Lewis, J. (1982). Continuity and discontinuity in pattern formation. In "Developmental Order: Its Origin and Regulation", Symp. Soc. Dev. Biol., Vol. 40 (S. Subtelny and P.B. Green, ed.). Liss: New York, pp. 511-531.

2514. Lewis, J. (1998). A short cut to the nucleus. Nature 393, 304-305.

2515. Lewis, J., Slack, J.M.W., and Wolpert, L. (1977). Thresholds in development. J. Theor. Biol. 65, 579-590.

2516. Lewis, J.H. and Wolpert, L. (1976). The principle of non-equivalence in development. J. Theor. Biol. 62, 479-490.

2517. Lewis, P.H. (1947). Pc: Polycomb. Dros. Info. Serv. 21, 69.

2518. Lewontin, R. (2000). Computing the organism. Nat. Hist. 109 #3, 94.

2519. Leyns, L., Dambly-Chaudière, C., and Ghysen, A. (1989). Two different sets of cis elements regulate scute to establish two different sensory patterns. Roux's Arch. Dev. Biol. 198, 227-232.

2520. Leyns, L., Gómez-Skarmeta, J.-L., and Dambly-Chaudière, C. (1996). iroquois: a prepattern gene that controls the formation of bristles on the thorax of Drosophila. Mechs. Dev. 59, 63-72.

2521. Li, E. (1999). The mojo of methylation. Nature Genet. 23, 5-6.

2522. Li, L. and Vaessin, H. (2000). Pan-neural Prospero terminates cell proliferation during Drosophila neurogenesis. Genes Dev. 14, 147-151.

2523. Li, L., Yuan, H., Weaver, C.D., Mao, J., Farr III, G.H., Sussman, D.J., Jonkers, J., Kimelman, D., and Wu, D. (1999). Axin and Frat1 interact with Dvl and GSK, bridging Dvl to GSK in Wnt-mediated regulation of LEF-1. EMBO J. 18, 4233-4240.

2524. Li, L.-H. and Gergen, J.P. (1999). Differential interactions between Brother proteins and Runt domain proteins in the Drosophila embryo and eye. Development 126, 3313-3322.

2525. Li, P., He, X., Gerrero, M.R., Mok, M., Aggarwal, A., and Rosenfeld, M.G. (1993). Spacing and orientation of bipartite DNA-binding motifs as potential functional determinants for POU domain factors. Genes Dev. 7, 2483-2496.

2526. Li, P., Yang, X., Wasser, M., Cai, Y., and Chia, W. (1997). Inscuteable and Staufen mediate asymmetric localization and segregation of prospero RNA during Drosophila neuroblast cell divisions. Cell 90, 437-447.

2527. Li, Q.-J., Pazdera, T.M., and Minden, J.S. (1999). Drosophila embryonic pattern repair: how embryos respond to cyclin E-induced ectopic division. Development 126, 2299-2307.

2528. Li, S., Aufiero, B., Schiltz, R.L., and Walsh, M.J. (2000). Regulation of the homeodomain CCAAT displacement/cut protein function by histone acetyltransferases p300/CREB-binding protein (CBP)-associated factor and CBP. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 97, 7166-7171.

2529. Li, S., Li, Y., Carthew, R.W., and Lai, Z.-C. (1997). Photoreceptor cell differentiation requires regulated proteolysis of the transcriptional repressor Tramtrack. Cell 90, 469-478.

2530. Li, S.-C., Songyang, Z., Vincent, S.J.F., Zwahlen, C., Wiley, S., Cantley, L., Kay, L.E., Forman-Kay, J., and Pawson, T. (1997). High-affinity binding of the Drosophila Numb phosphotyrosine-binding domain to peptides containing a Gly-Pro-(p)Tyr motif. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94, 7204-7209.

2531. Li, W., Melnick, M., and Perrimon, N. (1998). Dual function of Ras in Raf activation. Development 125, 4999-5008.

2532. Li, W., Noll, E., and Perrimon, N. (2000). Identification of autosomal regions involved in Drosophila Raf function. Genetics 156, 763-774.

2533. Li, W., Ohlmeyer, J.T., Lane, M.E., and Kalderon, D. (1995). Function of protein kinase A in hedgehog signal transduction and Drosophila imaginal disc development. Cell 80, 553-562.

2534. Li, X., Gutjahr, T., and Noll, M. (1993). Separable regulatory elements mediate the establishment and maintenance of cell states by the Drosophila segment-polarity gene gooseberry. EMBO J. 12, 1427-1436.

2535. Li, X., Murre, C., and McGinnis, W. (1999). Activity regulation of a Hox protein and a role for the homeodomain in inhibiting transcriptional activation. EMBO J. 18, 198-211.

2536. Li, X. and Noll, M. (1993). Role of the gooseberry gene in Drosophila embryos: maintenance of wingless expression by a wingless-gooseberry autoregulatory loop. EMBO J. 12, 4499-4509.

2537. Li, X. and Noll, M. (1994). Compatibility between enhancers and promoters determines the transcriptional specificity of gooseberry and gooseberry neuro in the Drosophila embryo. EMBO J. 13, 400-406.

2538. Li, X. and Noll, M. (1994). Evolution of distinct developmental functions of three Drosophila genes by acquisition of different cis-regulatory regions. Nature 367, 83-87.

2539. Li, X., Veraksa, A., and McGinnis, W. (1999). A sequence motif distinct from Hox binding sites controls the specificity of a Hox response element. Development 126, 5581-5589.

2540. Li, Y. and Baker, N.E. (2001). Proneural enhancement by Notch overcomes Suppressor-of-Hairless repressor function in the developing Drosophila eye. Curr. Biol. 11, 330-338.

2541. Liang, Z. and Biggin, M.D. (1998). Eve and ftz regulate a wide array of genes in blastoderm embryos: the selector homeoproteins directly or indirectly regulate most genes in Drosophila. Development 125, 4471-4482.

2542. Lieber, T., Kidd, S., Alcamo, E., Corbin, V., and Young, M.W. (1993). Antineurogenic phenotypes induced by truncated Notch proteins indicate a role in signal transduction and may point to a novel function for Notch in nuclei. Genes Dev. 7, 1949-1965.

2543. Lieber, T., Wesley, C.S., Alcamo, E., Hassel, B., Krane, J.F., Campos-Ortega, J.A., and Young, M.W. (1992). Single amino acid substitutions in EGF-like elements of Notch and Delta modify Drosophila development and affect cell adhesion in vitro. Neuron 9, 847-859.

2544. Lienhard, M.C. and Stocker, R.F. (1987). Sensory projection patterns of supernumerary legs and aristae in D. melanogaster. J. Exp. Zool. 244, 187-201.

2545. Lienhard, M.C. and Stocker, R.F. (1991). The development of the sensory neuron pattern in the antennal disc of wild-type and mutant (lz³, ss^a) Drosophila melanogaster. Development 112, 1063-1075.

2546. Lietzke, S.E., Bose, S., Cronin, T., Klarlund, J., Chawla, A., Czech, M.P., and Lambright, D.G. (2000). Structural basis of 3-phosphoinositide recognition by pleckstrin homology domains. Molec. Cell 6, 385-394.

2547. Lifson, S. (1994). What is information for molecular biology? BioEssays 16, 373-375.

2548. Ligoxygakis, P., Bray, S.J., Apidianakis, Y., and Delidakis, C. (1999). Ectopic expression of individual E(spl) genes has differential effects on different cell fate decisions and underscores the biphasic requirement for Notch activity in wing margin establishment in Drosophila. Development 126, 2205-2214.

2549. Ligoxygakis, P., Yu, S.-Y., Delidakis, C., and Baker, N.E. (1998). A subset of Notch functions during Drosophila eye development require Su(H) and the E(spl) gene complex. Development 125, 2893-2900.

2550. Lill, N.L., Douillard, P., Awwad, R.A., Ota, S., Lupher, M.L., Jr., Miyake, S., Meissner-Lula, N., Hsu, V.W., and Band, H. (2000). The evolutionarily conserved N-terminal region of Cbl is sufficient to enhance down-regulation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 275 #1, 367-377.

2551. Lilly, M.A. and Spradling, A.C. (1996). The Drosophila endocycle is controlled by Cyclin E and lacks a checkpoint ensuring S-phase completion. Genes Dev. 10, 2514-2526.

2552. Lim, W.A., Richards, F.M., and Fox, R.O. (1994). Structural determinants of peptide-binding orientation and of sequence specificity in SH3 domains. Nature 372, 375-379.

2553. Lin, D.M., Fetter, R.D., Kopczynski, C., Grenningloh, G., and Goodman, C.S. (1994). Genetic analysis of Fasciclin II in Drosophila: defasciculation, refasciculation, and altered fasciculation. Neuron 13, 1055-1069.

2554. Lin, H., Cho, S., and Cadigan, K.M. (2001). Split ends, a putative tissue-specific factor in Wingless signaling. Proc. 42nd Ann. Drosophila Res. Conf. Abstracts Vol., a163.

2555. Lin, X., Buff, E.M., Perrimon, N., and Michelson, A.M. (1999). Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are essential for FGF receptor signaling during Drosophila embryonic development. Development 126, 3715-3723.

2556. Lin, X. and Perrimon, N. (1999). Dally cooperates with Drosophila Frizzled 2 to transduce Wingless signalling. Nature 400, 281-284.

2557. Lindenmayer, A. (1975). Developmental algorithms for multicellular organisms: a survey of L-systems. J. Theor. Biol. 54, 3-22.

2558. Lindenmayer, A. (1982). Developmental algorithms: lineage versus interactive control mechanisms. In "Developmental Order: Its Origin and Regulation", Symp. Soc. Dev. Biol., Vol. 40 (S. Subtelny and P.B. Green, ed.). Alan R. Liss: New York, pp. 219-245.

2559. Lindenmayer, A. and Prusinkiewicz, P. (1989). Developmental models of multicellular organisms: a computer graphics perspective. In "Artificial Life", (C.G. Langton, ed.). Addison-Wesley: New York, pp. 221-249.

2560. Lindsley, D.L. and Grell, E.H. (1968). "Genetic Variations of Drosophila melanogaster." Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ., Vol. 627. Washington, D. C.

2561. Lindsley, D.L. and Zimm, G.G. (1992). "The Genome of Drosophila melanogaster." Acad. Pr., New York.

2562. Lipshitz, H.D. and Kankel, D.R. (1985). Developmental interactions between the peripheral and central nervous system in Drosophila melanogaster: analysis of the mutant, two-faced. Dev. Biol. 107, 1-12.

2563. Lisbin, M.J., Gordon, M., Yannoni, Y.M., and White, K. (2000). Function of RRM domains of Drosophila melanogaster ELAV: RNP1 mutations and RRM domain replacements with ELAV family proteins and SXL. Genetics 155, 1789-1798.

2564. Little, J.W., Byrd, C.A., and Brower, D.L. (1990). Effect of abx, bx and pbx mutations on expression of homeotic genes in Drosophila larvae. Genetics 124, 899-908.

2565. Little, J.W., Shepley, D.P., and Wert, D.W. (1999). Robustness of a gene regulatory circuit. EMBO J. 18, 4299-4307.

2566. Littlewood, T.D. and Evan, G.I. (1998). "Helix-loop-helix Transcription Factors." 3rd ed. Protein Profile Series, Oxford Univ. Pr., Oxford.

2567. Liu, D., Bienkowska, J., Petosa, C., Collier, R.J., Fu, H., and Liddington, R. (1995). Crystal structure of the zeta isoform of the 14-3-3 protein. Nature 376, 191-194.

2568. Liu, F., Hata, A., Baker, J.C., Doody, J., Cárcamo, J., Harland, R.M., and Massagué, J. (1996). A human Mad protein acting as a BMP-regulated transcriptional activator. Nature 381, 620-623.

2569. Liu, H., Ma, C., and Moses, K. (1996). Identification and functional characterization of conserved promoter elements from glass: a retinal development gene of Drosophila. Mechs. Dev. 56, 73-82.

2570. Liu, X., Grammont, M., and Irvine, K.D. (2000). Roles for scalloped and vestigial in regulating cell affinity and interactions between the wing blade and the wing hinge. Dev. Biol. 228, 287-303.

2571. Liu, X. and Lengyel, J.A. (2000). Drosophila arc encodes a novel adherens junction-associated PDZ domain protein required for wing and eye development. Dev. Biol. 221, 419-434.

2572. Liu, Z.-P., Galindo, R.L., and Wasserman, S.A. (1997). A role for CKII phosphorylation of the Cactus PEST domain in dorsoventral patterning of the Drosophila embryo. Genes Dev. 11, 3413-3422.

2573. Livneh, E., Glazer, L., Segal, D., Schlessinger, J., and Shilo, B.-Z. (1985). The Drosophila EGF receptor gene homolog: conservation of both hormone binding and kinase domains. Cell 40, 599-607.

2574. Llimargas, M. (1999). The Notch pathway helps to pattern the tips of the Drosophila tracheal branches by selecting cell fates. Development 126, 2355-2364.

2575. Llimargas, M. and Casanova, J. (1997). ventral veinless, a POU domain transcription factor, regulates different transduction pathways required for tracheal branching in Drosophila. Development 124, 3273-3281.

2576. Llimargas, M. and Casanova, J. (1999). EGF signalling regulates cell invagination as well as cell migration during formation of tracheal system in Drosophila. Dev. Genes Evol. 209, 174-179.

2577. Lloyd, C.W. and Rees, D.A., ed. (1981). "Cellular Controls in Differentiation." Acad. Pr., New York.

2578. Lo, P.C.H. and Frasch, M. (1999). Sequence and expression of myoglianin, a novel Drosophila gene of the TGF-beta superfamily. Mechs. Dev. 86, 171-175.

2579. Lo, R.S., Chen, Y.-G., Shi, Y., Pavletich, N.P., and Massagué, J. (1998). The L3 loop: a structural motif determining specific interactions between SMAD proteins and TGF-beta receptors. EMBO J. 17, 996-1005.

2580. Lo, S.H., Weisberg, E., and Chen, L.B. (1994). Tensin: a potential link between the cytoskeleton and signal transduction. BioEssays 16, 817-823.

2581. Locke, J. and Hanna, S. (1996). engrailed gene dosage determines whether certain recessive cubitus interruptus alleles exhibit dominance of the adult wing phenotype in Drosophila. Dev. Genet. 19, 340-349.

2582. Locke, J., Kotarski, M.A., and Tartof, K.D. (1988). Dosage-dependent modifiers of position effect variegation in Drosophila and a mass action model that explains their effect. Genetics 120, 181-198.

2583. Locke, J., Podemski, L., and Ferrer, C. (2001). Inversion of the whole arm of chromosome 4 in Drosophila species. Proc. 42nd Ann. Drosophila Res. Conf. Abstracts Vol., a103.

2584. Locke, M. (1984). Epidermal cells [Arthropoda]. In "Biology of the Integument", Vol. 1 (J. Bereiter-Hahn, A.G. Matoltsy, and K.S. Richards, eds.). Springer-Verlag: Berlin, pp. 502-522.

2585. Locke, M. (1985). The structure of epidermal feet during their development. Tissue & Cell 17, 901-921.

2586. Locke, M. (1987). The very rapid induction of filopodia in insect cells. Tissue & Cell 19, 301-318.

2587. Locke, M. and Huie, P. (1981). Epidermal feet in insect morphogenesis. Nature 293, 733-735.

2588. Locke, M. and Huie, P. (1981). Epidermal feet in pupal segment morphogenesis. Tissue & Cell 13, 787-803.

2589. Logeat, F., Bessia, C., Brou, C., LeBail, O., Jarriault, S., Seidah, N.G., and Israël, A. (1998). The Notch1 receptor is cleaved constitutively by a furin-like convertase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 95, 8108-8112.

2590. Löhr, U., Yussa, M. and Pick, L. (2001). Drosophila fushi tarazu: a gene on the border of homeotic function. Curr. Biol. 11, 1403-1412.

2591. Lohs-Schardin, M., Sander, K., Cremer, C., Cremer, T., and Zorn, C. (1979). Localized ultraviolet laser microbeam irradiation of early Drosophila embryos: fate maps based on location and frequency of adult defects. Dev. Biol. 68, 533-545.

2592. Long, A.D., Lyman, R.F., Langley, C.H., and Mackay, T.F.C. (1998). Two sites in the Delta gene region contribute to naturally occurring variation in bristle number in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 149, 999-1017.

2593. Long, A.D., Lyman, R.F., Morgan, A.H., Langley, C.H., and Mackay, T.F.C. (2000). Both naturally occurring insertions of transposable elements and intermediate frequency polymorphisms at the achaete-scute complex are associated with variation in bristle number in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 154, 1255-1269.

2594. Longley, R.L., Jr. and Ready, D.F. (1995). Integrins and the development of three-dimensional structure in the Drosophila compound eye. Dev. Biol. 171, 415-433.

2595. Lonie, A., D'Andrea, R., Paro, R., and Saint, R. (1994). Molecular characterization of the Polycomblike gene of Drosophila melanogaster, a trans-acting negative regulator of homeotic gene expression. Development 120, 2629-2636.

2596. Loo, L.W., Yost, C., and Eisenman, R.N. (2001). Functional characterization of dMad, a transcriptional repressor, during development. Proc. 42nd Ann. Drosophila Res. Conf. Abstracts Vol., a125.

2597. Loomis, W.F. and Kuspa, A. (1992). Spontaneous generation of enhancers by point mutations. Trends Genet. 8, 229.

2598. Lopez, A., Salvaing, J., Deutsch, J., and Peronnet, F. (2001). Involvement of CORTO in Polycomb and trithorax functions. Proc. 42nd Ann. Drosophila Res. Conf. Abstracts Vol., a96.

2599. López, A.J. (1995). Developmental role of transcription factor isoforms generated by alternative splicing. Dev. Biol. 172, 396-411.

2600. Lopez, A.J. and Hogness, D.S. (1991). Immunochemical dissection of the Ultrabithorax homeoprotein family in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 9924-9928.

2601. Lopez, M., Oettgen, P., Akbarali, Y., Dendorfer, U., and Libermann, T.A. (1994). ERP, a new member of the ets transcription factor/oncoprotein family: cloning, characterization, and differential expression during B-lymphocyte development. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14, 3292-3309.

2602. Lopez-Schier, H. and St. Johnston, D. (2001). agoraphobic modulates Notch receptor cleavage and signalling in Drosophila. Proc. 42nd Ann. Drosophila Res. Conf. Abstracts Vol., a158.

2603. Lorick, K.L., Jensen, J.P., Fang, S., Ong, A.M., Hatakeyama, S., and Weissman, A.M. (1999). RING fingers mediate ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2)-dependent ubiquitination. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96, 11364-11369.

2604. Loureiro, J. and Peifer, M. (1998). Roles of Armadillo, a Drosophila catenin, during central nervous system development. Curr. Biol. 8, 622-632.

2605. Love, J.J., Li, X., Case, D.A., Giese, K., Grosschedl, R., and Wright, P.E. (1995). Structural basis for DNA bending by the architectural transcription factor LEF-1. Nature 376, 791-795.

2606. Lu, B., Ackerman, L., Jan, L.Y., and Jan, Y.-N. (1999). Modes of protein movement that lead to the asymmetric localization of Partner of Numb during Drosophila neuroblast division. Molec. Cell 4, 883-891.

2607. Lu, B., Jan, L.Y., and Jan, Y.-N. (1998). Asymmetric cell division: lessons from flies and worms. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 8, 392-399.

2608. Lu, B., Roegiers, F., Jan, L.Y., and Jan, Y.N. (2001). Adherens junctions inhibit asymmetric division in the Drosophila epithelium. Nature 409, 522-525.

2609. Lu, B., Rothenberg, M., Jan, L.Y., and Jan, Y.N. (1998). Partner of Numb colocalizes with Numb during mitosis and directs Numb asymmetric localization in Drosophila neural and muscle progenitors. Cell 95, 225-235.

2610. Lu, C.-H., Rincón-Limas, D.E., and Botas, J. (2000). Conserved overlapping and reciprocal expression of msh/Msx1 and apterous/Lhx2 in Drosophila and mice. Mechs. Dev. 99, 177-181.

2611. Lu, F.M. and Lux, S.E. (1996). Constitutively active human Notch1 binds to the transcription factor CBF1 and stimulates transcription through a promoter containing a CBF1-responsive element. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93, 5663-5667.

2612. Lu, X. and Li, Y. (1999). Drosophila Src42A is a negative regulator of RTK signaling. Dev. Biol. 208, 233-243.

2613. Lu, X., Melnick, M.B., Hsu, J.-C., and Perrimon, N. (1994). Genetic and molecular analyses of mutations involved in Drosophila raf signal transduction. EMBO J. 13, 2592-2599.

2614. Lucchesi, J.C. (1983). Curt Stern: 1902-1981. Genetics 103, 1-4.

2615. Lucchesi, J.C. (1994). Sturtevant's mantle and the (lost?) art of chromosome mechanics. Genetics 136, 707-708.

2616. Ludwig, M.Z., Patel, N.H., and Kreitman, M. (1998). Functional analysis of eve stripe 2 enhancer evolution in Drosophila: rules governing conservation and change. Development 125, 949-958.

2617. Lunde, K., Biehs, B., Nauber, U., and Bier, E. (1998). The knirps and knirps-related genes organize development of the second wing vein in Drosophila. Development 125, 4145-4154.

2618. Luo, H., Asha, H., Kockel, L., Parke, T., Mlodzik, M., and Dearolf, C.R. (1999). The Drosophila Jak kinase Hopscotch is required for multiple developmental processes in the eye. Dev. Biol. 213, 432-441.

2619. Luo, K. and Lodish, H.F. (1997). Positive and negative regulation of type II TGF-beta receptor signal transduction by autophosphorylation on multiple serine residues. EMBO J. 16, 1970-1981.

2620. Luo, Z., Tzivion, G., Belshaw, P.J., Vavvas, D., Marshall, M., and Avruch, J. (1996). Oligomerization activates c-Raf-1 through a Ras-dependent mechanism. Nature 383, 181-185.

2621. Lupas, A. (1996). Coiled coils: new structures and new functions. Trends Biochem. Sci. 21, 375-382.

2622. Lupo, R., Breiling, A., Bianchi, M.E., and Orlando, V. (2001). Drosophila chromosome condensation proteins Topoisomerase II and Barren colocalize with Polycomb and maintain Fab-7 PRE silencing. Molec. Cell 7, 127-136.

2623. Luschnig, S., Krauss, J., Bohmann, K., Desjeux, I., and Nüsslein-Volhard, C. (2000). The Drosophila SHC adaptor protein is required for signaling by a subset of receptor tyrosine kinases. Molec. Cell 5, 231-241.

2624. Lux, S.E., John, K.M., and Bennett, V. (1990). Analysis of cDNA for human erythrocyte ankyrin indicates a repeated structure with homology to tissue-differentiation and cell-cycle control proteins. Nature 344, 36-42.

2625. Lyko, F. (2001). DNA methylation learns to fly. Trends Genet. 17, 169-172.

2626. Lyman, D. and Young, M.W. (1993). Further evidence for function of the Drosophila Notch protein as a transmembrane receptor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90, 10395-10399.

2627. Lyman, D.F. and Yedvobnick, B. (1995). Drosophila Notch receptor activity suppresses Hairless function during adult external sensory organ development. Genetics 141, 1491-1505.

2628. Lyman, R.F. and Mackay, T.F.C. (1998). Candidate quantitative trait loci and naturally occurring phenotypic variation for bristle number in Drosophila melanogaster: the Delta-Hairless gene region. Genetics 149, 983-998.

2629. Lynch, M. and Conery, J.S. (2000). The evolutionary fate and consequences of duplicate genes. Science 290, 1151-1155.

2630. Lynch, M. and Force, A. (2000). The probability of duplicate gene preservation by subfunctionalization. Genetics 154, 459-473.